1|Page
APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER-
Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes,
heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-
base balance
Where is the heart found? - ANSWER-The heart lies in the
thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs,
anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the
diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at
the 5th intercostal space.
Describe the layers of the heart wall - ANSWER-Epicardium-
outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious
membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by
epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the
cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart
chambers.
,2|Page
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective
tissue. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and
valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart -
ANSWER-Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
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Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system -
ANSWER-SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right
bundle branches - purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG - ANSWER-A recordable tracing of the electrical
activity of the heart that the production and conduction of action
potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? -
ANSWER-At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria
are repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief
refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave,
which allows the heart a small rest.
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial
systole/ventricular diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole -
ANSWER-Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting
and ventricles are relaxed
, 4|Page
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles
are contracting
How are the heart sounds made? - ANSWER-The first heart
sound "lubb" occurs during ventricular systole as a result of the A-
V valves closing.
The second heart sound "dupp" occurs during ventricular diastole
as a result of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing.
What terms are used to describe abnormal heart rhythms? -
ANSWER-Arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia,
defibrillation, cardiac arrest, palpitations, Supraventricular
tachycardia (SVT), Ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular
fibrillation.
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-Circulation of blood between
the heart and the lungs, oxygenating blood and removing carbon
dioxide
APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER-
Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes,
heat, immune cells, and antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-
base balance
Where is the heart found? - ANSWER-The heart lies in the
thoracic cavity. It is posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs,
anterior to the vertebral column, and lies just above the
diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at
the 5th intercostal space.
Describe the layers of the heart wall - ANSWER-Epicardium-
outer layer; protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious
membrane that consists of connective tissue covered by
epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the
cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart
chambers.
,2|Page
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective
tissue. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and
valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart -
ANSWER-Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
,3|Page
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system -
ANSWER-SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right
bundle branches - purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG - ANSWER-A recordable tracing of the electrical
activity of the heart that the production and conduction of action
potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? -
ANSWER-At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria
are repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief
refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave,
which allows the heart a small rest.
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial
systole/ventricular diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole -
ANSWER-Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting
and ventricles are relaxed
, 4|Page
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles
are contracting
How are the heart sounds made? - ANSWER-The first heart
sound "lubb" occurs during ventricular systole as a result of the A-
V valves closing.
The second heart sound "dupp" occurs during ventricular diastole
as a result of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing.
What terms are used to describe abnormal heart rhythms? -
ANSWER-Arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia,
defibrillation, cardiac arrest, palpitations, Supraventricular
tachycardia (SVT), Ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular
fibrillation.
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER-Circulation of blood between
the heart and the lungs, oxygenating blood and removing carbon
dioxide
