Advanced Med-Surg Nursing (Lewis).
Exam 1 Questions and Answers
2026/2027 |Already Graded A+|
Verified and Updated
Hemodynamic effects of counterpulsation:
Effects of INFLATION during diastole - CORRECT ANSWER --Increased diastolic
pressure
-Increased O2 delivery to heart
-Decreased angina
-Decreased ECG evidence of ischemia
-Decreased ventricular ectopy
CO - CORRECT ANSWER -Amount of blood ejected in a minute
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER -Amount of blood ejected each beat (preload,
afterload, contractility)
Cardiac output equation - CORRECT ANSWER -CO=HRxSV
,Preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Think VOLUME.
It is the volume entering the ventricles.
Measured in right atrium
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER -Think RESISTANCE/PRESSURE
It is the resistance that the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER --JVD
-Edema
-Ascites
-Hepatic engorgement
-Cough
-Dyspnea
-S3,S4
Decreased preload - CORRECT ANSWER --Poor skin turgor
-Dry mucous membranes
-Orthostatic hypotension
,-Hypotension
Treat decreased preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Treat volume problem-give fluids
Treat increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Treat volume overload-give diuretic.
Possbily give nitrate (move volume by dilation)
PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER -Indirect reading of L side of heart
PAD - CORRECT ANSWER -Indicator of volume
High SVR - CORRECT ANSWER -"Clamped", compensating, high BP
Low SVR - CORRECT ANSWER -Sepsis, fever. Need fluids and pressors
High PVR - CORRECT ANSWER -Pulmonary vascular resistance
, Pulmonary HTN
Effect of metabolic acidosis on contractility - CORRECT ANSWER -Metabolic
acidosis decreases contractility (drugs not as effective)
Low CO - CORRECT ANSWER -May be caused by any condition that impairs
pumping or filling of ventricle
High CO - CORRECT ANSWER -May be caused by any factor that increases HR and
contractility and decreases afterload
Hemodynamic parameter most appropriate for the nurse to monitor to determine
the effectiveness of medications given to a patient to reduce left ventricular
afterload: - CORRECT ANSWER -Left ventricular afterload is measured by SVR
(systemic vascular resistance)
Following surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a patient's central venous
pressure (CVP) monitor indicates low pressures. Which action is a priority for the
nurse to take? - CORRECT ANSWER -Low CVP indicates low volume—the patient
needs volume, so increase the IV fluids
Exam 1 Questions and Answers
2026/2027 |Already Graded A+|
Verified and Updated
Hemodynamic effects of counterpulsation:
Effects of INFLATION during diastole - CORRECT ANSWER --Increased diastolic
pressure
-Increased O2 delivery to heart
-Decreased angina
-Decreased ECG evidence of ischemia
-Decreased ventricular ectopy
CO - CORRECT ANSWER -Amount of blood ejected in a minute
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER -Amount of blood ejected each beat (preload,
afterload, contractility)
Cardiac output equation - CORRECT ANSWER -CO=HRxSV
,Preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Think VOLUME.
It is the volume entering the ventricles.
Measured in right atrium
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER -Think RESISTANCE/PRESSURE
It is the resistance that the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER --JVD
-Edema
-Ascites
-Hepatic engorgement
-Cough
-Dyspnea
-S3,S4
Decreased preload - CORRECT ANSWER --Poor skin turgor
-Dry mucous membranes
-Orthostatic hypotension
,-Hypotension
Treat decreased preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Treat volume problem-give fluids
Treat increased preload - CORRECT ANSWER -Treat volume overload-give diuretic.
Possbily give nitrate (move volume by dilation)
PAWP - CORRECT ANSWER -Indirect reading of L side of heart
PAD - CORRECT ANSWER -Indicator of volume
High SVR - CORRECT ANSWER -"Clamped", compensating, high BP
Low SVR - CORRECT ANSWER -Sepsis, fever. Need fluids and pressors
High PVR - CORRECT ANSWER -Pulmonary vascular resistance
, Pulmonary HTN
Effect of metabolic acidosis on contractility - CORRECT ANSWER -Metabolic
acidosis decreases contractility (drugs not as effective)
Low CO - CORRECT ANSWER -May be caused by any condition that impairs
pumping or filling of ventricle
High CO - CORRECT ANSWER -May be caused by any factor that increases HR and
contractility and decreases afterload
Hemodynamic parameter most appropriate for the nurse to monitor to determine
the effectiveness of medications given to a patient to reduce left ventricular
afterload: - CORRECT ANSWER -Left ventricular afterload is measured by SVR
(systemic vascular resistance)
Following surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, a patient's central venous
pressure (CVP) monitor indicates low pressures. Which action is a priority for the
nurse to take? - CORRECT ANSWER -Low CVP indicates low volume—the patient
needs volume, so increase the IV fluids
