Sophia Learning: Complete Course Resources

Sophia Learning – Statistics Unit 4 Milestone EXAM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS PLUS RATIONALES 2026
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1. What is probability best defined as?
A. A guess about an outcome
B. A ratio of favorable outcomes to total possible outcomes
C. The number of possible outcomes
D. A random value
Correct answer: B. Probability is calculated as favorable
outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.


2. What is the range of possible probability values?
A. −1 to 1
B. 0 to 10
C. 0 to 1
D. 1 to infinity
Correct answer: C. Probabilities must fall between 0
(impossible) and 1 (certain).


3. If an event is certain to occur, its probability is:
A. 0
B. 0.5

,C. 1
D. −1
Correct answer: C. A certain event always has a probability of
1.


4. If an event cannot occur, its probability is:
A. 1
B. 0
C. 0.5
D. Undefined
Correct answer: B. An impossible event has a probability of 0.


5. What is an example of an experiment in probability?
A. Guessing the weather
B. Rolling a die
C. Predicting the future
D. Making an opinion
Correct answer: B. Rolling a die produces observable
outcomes.


6. A sample space is:
A. One possible outcome
B. All possible outcomes

,C. The most likely outcome
D. The least likely outcome
Correct answer: B. A sample space includes all possible
outcomes of an experiment.


7. Which of the following is a simple event?
A. Rolling an even number
B. Rolling a 6
C. Rolling a number greater than 3
D. Rolling a prime number
Correct answer: B. A simple event has only one outcome.


8. What is the probability of rolling a 3 on a fair six-sided die?
A. 1/3
B. 1/2
C. 1/6
D. 1
Correct answer: C. There is one favorable outcome out of six
total outcomes.


9. What does it mean if two events are mutually exclusive?
A. They can occur together
B. They are independent

, C. They cannot occur together
D. They always occur
Correct answer: C. Mutually exclusive events cannot happen at
the same time.


10. Which pair of events is mutually exclusive?
A. Drawing a red card and a heart
B. Rolling a 2 and an even number
C. Rolling a 3 and a 5 on one roll
D. Drawing a card and shuffling
Correct answer: C. You cannot roll two different numbers at
the same time.


11. Independent events are events that:
A. Affect each other
B. Occur together
C. Do not affect each other
D. Cannot occur
Correct answer: C. The outcome of one event does not change
the probability of the other.


12. Which situation represents independent events?