MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING IN CANADA
4TH EDITION LEWIS TEST BANK EXAM
PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A
STUDY GUIDE
⩥ What are some current issues in the Canadian Health Care system?
Answer: Patient safety, service delivery restructuring, chronic illness,
aging population, new infectious diseases, and high costs of technology
and drugs.
⩥ What are the key system priorities identified by Health Canada?
Answer: Addressing the opioid crisis, promoting smoking cessation,
ensuring access and affordability of medications, expanding home and
community services, and supporting Indigenous health programs.
⩥ What is considered the cornerstone of nursing practice? Answer:
Patient safety.
⩥ What is an adverse event in nursing? Answer: Unintended harm that
occurs during patient care.
⩥ What distinguishes regulated providers from unregulated providers in
nursing? Answer: Regulated providers must meet standards of practice
and continuing competence.
, ⩥ What are the principles of transformation in health care? Answer:
Patient-centered, high quality, equitable, sustainable, and accountable
care.
⩥ What are the four key components of Evidence-Informed Practice
(EIP)? Answer: Clinical state and setting, patient preferences, best
evidence, and available resources.
⩥ What is the six-step process of Evidence-Informed Practice? Answer:
Recognize, ask, search, appraise, apply, evaluate.
⩥ What are the five steps of the Nursing Process? Answer: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
⩥ What is the PES format used for nursing diagnoses? Answer:
Problem-Etiology-Signs/Symptoms.
⩥ Why is cultural competence important in nursing? Answer: It is an
entry-to-practice requirement and essential for providing effective care
in a multicultural society.
⩥ What is the difference between health inequality and health inequity?
Answer: Health inequality refers to natural differences in health status,
4TH EDITION LEWIS TEST BANK EXAM
PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A
STUDY GUIDE
⩥ What are some current issues in the Canadian Health Care system?
Answer: Patient safety, service delivery restructuring, chronic illness,
aging population, new infectious diseases, and high costs of technology
and drugs.
⩥ What are the key system priorities identified by Health Canada?
Answer: Addressing the opioid crisis, promoting smoking cessation,
ensuring access and affordability of medications, expanding home and
community services, and supporting Indigenous health programs.
⩥ What is considered the cornerstone of nursing practice? Answer:
Patient safety.
⩥ What is an adverse event in nursing? Answer: Unintended harm that
occurs during patient care.
⩥ What distinguishes regulated providers from unregulated providers in
nursing? Answer: Regulated providers must meet standards of practice
and continuing competence.
, ⩥ What are the principles of transformation in health care? Answer:
Patient-centered, high quality, equitable, sustainable, and accountable
care.
⩥ What are the four key components of Evidence-Informed Practice
(EIP)? Answer: Clinical state and setting, patient preferences, best
evidence, and available resources.
⩥ What is the six-step process of Evidence-Informed Practice? Answer:
Recognize, ask, search, appraise, apply, evaluate.
⩥ What are the five steps of the Nursing Process? Answer: Assessment,
Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
⩥ What is the PES format used for nursing diagnoses? Answer:
Problem-Etiology-Signs/Symptoms.
⩥ Why is cultural competence important in nursing? Answer: It is an
entry-to-practice requirement and essential for providing effective care
in a multicultural society.
⩥ What is the difference between health inequality and health inequity?
Answer: Health inequality refers to natural differences in health status,
