EXSS 288- RED CROSS EXAM (BREATHING & CARDIAC
EMERGENCIES) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Initial Impression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how the victims appear as you size up the scene
Size up the scene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Do not enter unsafe environment. Call 911 first!!!
Check responsiveness- AVPU - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A: alert. Patient is fully awake
V: verbal. Pt responds to verbal stimuli
P: painful. Pt responds to painful stimuli
U: unresponsive. Pt is unresponsive- doesn't respond to stimuli
Activate EMS- what position should you place victim in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅HAINES recovery
position if you have to leave them to call 911.
HAINES: High Arm In Endangered Spine. Person on side, knee over bottom leg, head resting on floor arm
with above arm in front of body supporting it to stay on side.
What position should we use to open airway? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Head-tilt-chin-lift
How should head be extended of adult, child, and infant? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: past neutral
Child: past neutral, but less than adult
Infant: extend to neutral
What is a second option to open the airway? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Modified jaw thrust (if suspecting
spinal injuries)
How do we determine if victim is breathing or has a pulse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Look listen and feel!
Simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse for NO MORE THAN 10 seconds
Are agonal gasps considered signs of breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅No
, What artery do we check for pulse on adult, child, and infant? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: carotid
Child: carotid
Infant: brachial
Ventilation Rates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: 1 ventilation every 6 seconds
Child: 1 ventilation every 2-3 seconds
Infant: 1 ventilation every 2-3 seconds
What is the protocol if a person is drowning? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Give 2 ventilations as part of
rapid assessment.
Then give 1, allowing chest to rise and fall. Open airway if chest does not rise and fall and keep trying.
Then continue with 30 chest compressions, and keep cycling through that process.
How long should we give ventilations before reassessing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 minutes! Reassess
then continue cycle as needed
Conscious choking - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
Unconscious Choking - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lower to ground and begin compressions
1. 30 chest compressions
2. Look and see if object is in mouth. If you see one, finger sweep (adults use index finger, infants use
pinky)
3. Deliver 2 rescue breaths
Bad Valve Mask Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅R1: positions mask over victim nose and face, seals
mask, opens airway
R2: delivers ventilations with the bag
Reassess every 2 min
EMERGENCIES) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Initial Impression - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how the victims appear as you size up the scene
Size up the scene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Do not enter unsafe environment. Call 911 first!!!
Check responsiveness- AVPU - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A: alert. Patient is fully awake
V: verbal. Pt responds to verbal stimuli
P: painful. Pt responds to painful stimuli
U: unresponsive. Pt is unresponsive- doesn't respond to stimuli
Activate EMS- what position should you place victim in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅HAINES recovery
position if you have to leave them to call 911.
HAINES: High Arm In Endangered Spine. Person on side, knee over bottom leg, head resting on floor arm
with above arm in front of body supporting it to stay on side.
What position should we use to open airway? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Head-tilt-chin-lift
How should head be extended of adult, child, and infant? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: past neutral
Child: past neutral, but less than adult
Infant: extend to neutral
What is a second option to open the airway? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Modified jaw thrust (if suspecting
spinal injuries)
How do we determine if victim is breathing or has a pulse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Look listen and feel!
Simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse for NO MORE THAN 10 seconds
Are agonal gasps considered signs of breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅No
, What artery do we check for pulse on adult, child, and infant? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: carotid
Child: carotid
Infant: brachial
Ventilation Rates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adult: 1 ventilation every 6 seconds
Child: 1 ventilation every 2-3 seconds
Infant: 1 ventilation every 2-3 seconds
What is the protocol if a person is drowning? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Give 2 ventilations as part of
rapid assessment.
Then give 1, allowing chest to rise and fall. Open airway if chest does not rise and fall and keep trying.
Then continue with 30 chest compressions, and keep cycling through that process.
How long should we give ventilations before reassessing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅2 minutes! Reassess
then continue cycle as needed
Conscious choking - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
Unconscious Choking - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lower to ground and begin compressions
1. 30 chest compressions
2. Look and see if object is in mouth. If you see one, finger sweep (adults use index finger, infants use
pinky)
3. Deliver 2 rescue breaths
Bad Valve Mask Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅R1: positions mask over victim nose and face, seals
mask, opens airway
R2: delivers ventilations with the bag
Reassess every 2 min
