1|Page
A & P FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2026
TEST BANK| ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE 550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What are plasma membranes made of? - ANSWER - Protein,
glycoprotein, and lipids
What are plasma membranes not made of? - ANSWER - DNA
If the concentration gradient increases, the rate of diffusion.. - ANSWER
- Increases
Where is the abdominal cavity in relation to the pelvis and abdominal
muscles? - ANSWER - Above the pelvis and below the abdominal
muscles
Where is serous fluid? - ANSWER - Between two layers of serous
membrane
What is a major molecule that is part of the cell membrane? - ANSWER
- Phospholipids
pg. 1
,2|Page
Functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER - Support, Protection,
Movement, Storage, and Blood cell production
What are some bones that are specific to the function of protection? -
ANSWER - The skull, Ribs, sternum, and the vertebrae
What proteins are involved in translation? - ANSWER - mRNA, tRNA,
and rRNA
What is a ligand? - ANSWER - A chemical signal that binds to
membrane proteins and triggers and internal cell response
Which type of ion channels are most permeable? - ANSWER - Non-
gated
What can chemical signaling change the rate of? - ANSWER - The rate
of protein synthesis
Four basic tissue types in the body? - ANSWER - Nervous, muscular,
epithelial, and connective
What is the matrix made up of in hyaline cartilage? - ANSWER -
collagen fibers and proteoglycans
pg. 2
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Which function is associated with the Golgi apparatus? - ANSWER -
Modification and transport of proteins
What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER? - ANSWER - Presence
of ribosomes on its surface
Which cell type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses? -
ANSWER - Neurons
Cardiac muscle is characterized by: - ANSWER - Intercalated discs and
involuntary control
The primary function of epithelial tissue is: - ANSWER - Secretion,
absorption, and protection
The primary function of muscle tissue is: - ANSWER - Contraction and
movement
What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis? - ANSWER -
Keratinocytes
What gives bone its hardness and strength? - ANSWER - Calcium
phosphate and collagen
pg. 3
, 4|Page
The structural unit of compact bone is the: - ANSWER - Osteon
What is the primary tissue type found in bones? - ANSWER - Osseous
(bone) tissue
What is the primary function of the calcaneus? - ANSWER - Forms the
heel and supports body weight
How many carpal bones are found in one wrist? - ANSWER - 8
The patella is classified as which type of bone? - ANSWER - Sesamoid
Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles? - ANSWER -
Manubrium
Where does the medial collateral ligament (MCL) attach? - ANSWER -
Femur to tibia
Which structural classification best describes the sutures of the skull? -
ANSWER - Fibrous
Which two ligaments cross each other within the knee joint? - ANSWER
- Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
pg. 4
A & P FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2026
TEST BANK| ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE 550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What are plasma membranes made of? - ANSWER - Protein,
glycoprotein, and lipids
What are plasma membranes not made of? - ANSWER - DNA
If the concentration gradient increases, the rate of diffusion.. - ANSWER
- Increases
Where is the abdominal cavity in relation to the pelvis and abdominal
muscles? - ANSWER - Above the pelvis and below the abdominal
muscles
Where is serous fluid? - ANSWER - Between two layers of serous
membrane
What is a major molecule that is part of the cell membrane? - ANSWER
- Phospholipids
pg. 1
,2|Page
Functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER - Support, Protection,
Movement, Storage, and Blood cell production
What are some bones that are specific to the function of protection? -
ANSWER - The skull, Ribs, sternum, and the vertebrae
What proteins are involved in translation? - ANSWER - mRNA, tRNA,
and rRNA
What is a ligand? - ANSWER - A chemical signal that binds to
membrane proteins and triggers and internal cell response
Which type of ion channels are most permeable? - ANSWER - Non-
gated
What can chemical signaling change the rate of? - ANSWER - The rate
of protein synthesis
Four basic tissue types in the body? - ANSWER - Nervous, muscular,
epithelial, and connective
What is the matrix made up of in hyaline cartilage? - ANSWER -
collagen fibers and proteoglycans
pg. 2
,3|Page
Which function is associated with the Golgi apparatus? - ANSWER -
Modification and transport of proteins
What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER? - ANSWER - Presence
of ribosomes on its surface
Which cell type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses? -
ANSWER - Neurons
Cardiac muscle is characterized by: - ANSWER - Intercalated discs and
involuntary control
The primary function of epithelial tissue is: - ANSWER - Secretion,
absorption, and protection
The primary function of muscle tissue is: - ANSWER - Contraction and
movement
What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis? - ANSWER -
Keratinocytes
What gives bone its hardness and strength? - ANSWER - Calcium
phosphate and collagen
pg. 3
, 4|Page
The structural unit of compact bone is the: - ANSWER - Osteon
What is the primary tissue type found in bones? - ANSWER - Osseous
(bone) tissue
What is the primary function of the calcaneus? - ANSWER - Forms the
heel and supports body weight
How many carpal bones are found in one wrist? - ANSWER - 8
The patella is classified as which type of bone? - ANSWER - Sesamoid
Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles? - ANSWER -
Manubrium
Where does the medial collateral ligament (MCL) attach? - ANSWER -
Femur to tibia
Which structural classification best describes the sutures of the skull? -
ANSWER - Fibrous
Which two ligaments cross each other within the knee joint? - ANSWER
- Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
pg. 4
