Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam!! Ch. 1-16
questions and answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Compound
- correct answer Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are
chemically united.
Medulla
- correct answer Central portion of certain organs.
Neutral fats
- correct answer Consist of fatty acid chains and glycerol; also called triglycerides or triacylglycerols.
Commonly known as oils when liquid.
Adduct
- correct answer to move toward the midline of the body.
Decomposition reaction
- correct answer Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its
constituent atoms
Enzyme
- correct answer A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
Sulcus
- correct answer A furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure.
Testosterone
- correct answer Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes virilization, and is
necessary for normal sperm production.
,Trabecula
- correct answer 1) Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; 2)
Strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- correct answer Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A, G,C and U. Carries out DNA's
instructions for protein synthesis.
Merocrine glands
- correct answer Glands that produce secretions intermittently; secretions do not accumulate in the
gland.
Fluid mosaic model
- correct answer A depiction of the structure of the membranes of a cell as phospholipid bilayers in
which proteins are dispersed.
Excretion
- correct answer Elimination of waste products from the body.
Concentration gradient
- correct answer The difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two different
areas.
Interstital fluid (IF)
- correct answer Fluid between the cells
Threshold stimulus
- correct answer Weakest stimulus capable of producing a response in an irritable tissue
Cytosine (C)
- correct answer Nitrogen-containing base that is part of a nucleotide structure.
,Facilitated diffusion
- correct answer Passive transport process used by certain large or charged molecules (e.g., glucose,
Na1) that are unable to pass through the plasma membrane unaided. Involves movement through
channels or movement facilitated by a membrane carrier.
Cardiovascular system
- correct answer Organ system that distributes the blood to deliver nutrients and remove wastes.
Hernia
- correct answer Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a body part through the containing wall of its
cavity.
Substrate
- correct answer A reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to proceed.
Osteon
- correct answer System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone;
unit of bone; also called Haversian system.
Filtration
- correct answer Passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter.
Fulcrum
- correct answer The fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied.
Infundibulum
- correct answer 1) a stalk of tissue that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus; 2) the distal
end of the uterine (fallopian) tube.
Neuromuscular junction
- correct answer Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
, Anion
- correct answer An ion carrying one or more negative charges and therefore attracted to a positive
pole.
Endosteum
- correct answer Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces.
Axolemma
- correct answer The plasma membrane of an axon.
Autolysis
- correct answer Process of autodigestion (self-digestion) of cells, especially dead or degenerate cells.
Anaerobic
- correct answer Not requiring oxygen.
Macromolecules
- correct answer Large, complex molecules containing from 100 to over 10,000 subunits.
Microglial cells
- correct answer A type of CNS supporting cell; can transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage
or inflammation
Summation
- correct answer Accumulation of effects, especially those of muscular, sensory or mental stimuli.
Valence shell
- correct answer Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons.
Triglycerides
- correct answer Fats and oils composed of fatty acids and glycerol; are the body's most concentrated
source of energy fuel; also known as neutral fats.
questions and answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade
Compound
- correct answer Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are
chemically united.
Medulla
- correct answer Central portion of certain organs.
Neutral fats
- correct answer Consist of fatty acid chains and glycerol; also called triglycerides or triacylglycerols.
Commonly known as oils when liquid.
Adduct
- correct answer to move toward the midline of the body.
Decomposition reaction
- correct answer Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its
constituent atoms
Enzyme
- correct answer A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
Sulcus
- correct answer A furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure.
Testosterone
- correct answer Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes virilization, and is
necessary for normal sperm production.
,Trabecula
- correct answer 1) Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; 2)
Strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- correct answer Nucleic acid that contains ribose and the bases A, G,C and U. Carries out DNA's
instructions for protein synthesis.
Merocrine glands
- correct answer Glands that produce secretions intermittently; secretions do not accumulate in the
gland.
Fluid mosaic model
- correct answer A depiction of the structure of the membranes of a cell as phospholipid bilayers in
which proteins are dispersed.
Excretion
- correct answer Elimination of waste products from the body.
Concentration gradient
- correct answer The difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two different
areas.
Interstital fluid (IF)
- correct answer Fluid between the cells
Threshold stimulus
- correct answer Weakest stimulus capable of producing a response in an irritable tissue
Cytosine (C)
- correct answer Nitrogen-containing base that is part of a nucleotide structure.
,Facilitated diffusion
- correct answer Passive transport process used by certain large or charged molecules (e.g., glucose,
Na1) that are unable to pass through the plasma membrane unaided. Involves movement through
channels or movement facilitated by a membrane carrier.
Cardiovascular system
- correct answer Organ system that distributes the blood to deliver nutrients and remove wastes.
Hernia
- correct answer Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a body part through the containing wall of its
cavity.
Substrate
- correct answer A reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action to proceed.
Osteon
- correct answer System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone;
unit of bone; also called Haversian system.
Filtration
- correct answer Passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter.
Fulcrum
- correct answer The fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied.
Infundibulum
- correct answer 1) a stalk of tissue that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus; 2) the distal
end of the uterine (fallopian) tube.
Neuromuscular junction
- correct answer Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
, Anion
- correct answer An ion carrying one or more negative charges and therefore attracted to a positive
pole.
Endosteum
- correct answer Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces.
Axolemma
- correct answer The plasma membrane of an axon.
Autolysis
- correct answer Process of autodigestion (self-digestion) of cells, especially dead or degenerate cells.
Anaerobic
- correct answer Not requiring oxygen.
Macromolecules
- correct answer Large, complex molecules containing from 100 to over 10,000 subunits.
Microglial cells
- correct answer A type of CNS supporting cell; can transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage
or inflammation
Summation
- correct answer Accumulation of effects, especially those of muscular, sensory or mental stimuli.
Valence shell
- correct answer Outermost electron shell (energy level) of an atom that contains electrons.
Triglycerides
- correct answer Fats and oils composed of fatty acids and glycerol; are the body's most concentrated
source of energy fuel; also known as neutral fats.
