2026 Adult Medical Surgical Nursing Content Mastery Series (CMS) Exams STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST !!!!!

2026 Adult Medical Surgical Nursing Content Mastery Series (CMS) Exams STUDY G
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UIDE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (MOST TEST
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ED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST
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The nurse notes that the handgrip of the client with hypokalemia has di
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minished since the previous assessment one hour ago. Which interventi
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on by the nurse is the priority?
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a. assess the client's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
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b. document findings and monitor the client dt dt dt dt dt




c. measure the client's pulse and blood pressure dt dt dt dt dt dt




d. call the health care provider - CORRECT ANSWER A
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In a client with hypokkalemia, progressive skeletal muscle weakness is
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associated with increasing severity of hypokalemia. The most life-
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threatening complication of hypokalemia is respiratory insufficiency. It
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is imperative for the nurse to perform a respiratory assessment first to
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make sure that the client is not in immediate jeopardy. Next, the nurse
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would call the health care provider to obtain orders for potassium repla
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cement.

The physician orders Lasix (furosemide) 60 mg po every day for your pat
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ient. On hand you have Lasix 40 mg. How many tablets will you give the
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patient?

a. 3
b. 1
c. 1 1/2dt




d. 2 1/5 - CORRECT ANSWER
dt dt dt d t C

60/40 (desired/have) dt




A client has been taught to restrict dietary sodium. Which food selectio
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n by the client indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
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a. a grilled cheese sandwich with tomato soup
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,b. Chinese take-out, including steamed rice dt dt dt dt




c. a chicken leg, one slice of bread with butter, and steamed carrots
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d. slices of ham and cheese on whole grain crackers -
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CORRECT ANSWER C
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Clients on restricted sodium diets generally should avoid processed, sm
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oked, and pickled foods and those with sauces and other condiments. F
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oods lowest in sodium include fish, poultry, and fresh produce. The chin
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ese food likely would have soy sauce, the tomato soup is processed, an
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d the crackers are a snack food -
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a category of foods often high in sodium.
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When a client is assessed, which behavior best indicates that he or she
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is experiencing changes associated with acute pain?
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a. inability to concentrate dt dt




b. expressed hopelessness dt




c. psychosocial withdrawal dt




d. anger and hostility - CORRECT ANSWER
dt dt dt dt d t A

The characteristics most common to chronic pain are psychosocial with
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drawal, anger and hostility, depression, and hopelessness. The inability
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to concentrate is associated much more with acute pain, before any ph
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ysiologic or behavioral adaptation has occurred. dt dt dt dt dt




A nurse is caring for several clients at risk for overhydration. The nurse
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assesses the older client with which finding first?
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A) Has had diabetes mellitus for 12 years
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B) Had abdominal surgery and has a nasogastric tube
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C) Just received 3 units of packed red blood cells
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D) Uses sodium-containing antacids frequently - CORRECT ANSWER
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C

Blood replacement therapy involves intravenous fluid administration, w
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hich inherently increases the risk for overhydration. The fact that the flu
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id consists of packed red blood cells greatly increases the risk, becaus
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e this fluid increases the colloidal oncotic pressure of the
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,blood, causing fluid to move from interstitial and intracellular spaces in
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to the plasma volume. An older adult may not have sufficient cardiac or r
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enal reserve to manage this extra fluid.
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The client with a stroke was admitted to a medical-
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surgical unit. Which tasks does the nurse delegate to the unlicen
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sed assistive personnel?
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A) Assess level of consciousness. dt dt dt




B) Evaluate the pulse oximetry reading. dt dt dt dt




C) Assist the client with meals. dt dt dt dt




D) Complete the nursing care plan. - CORRECT ANSWER dt dt dt dt dt dt d t C

The nurse needs to know the five rights of delegation: right task, right ci
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rcumstances, right person, right communication, and right supervision. dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt




Unlicensed assistive personnel can help with feeding, but only the nurse
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can care plan, assess the level of consciousness, and evaluate the oxy
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genation of the client. dt dt dt




Interrelated concepts to the professional nursing role a nurse manager
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would consider when addressing concerns about the quality of patient
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education include: dt




A) adherence.
B) developmental level. dt




C) motivation.
D) technology. - CORRECT ANSWER dt dt d t D

The interrelated concepts to the professional role of a nurse include he
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alth promotion, leadership, technology/informatics, quality, collaboratio
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n, and communication. Adherence, culture, developmental level, family
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dynamics, and motivation are considered interrelated concepts to patie
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nt attributes and preference.
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During orientation to an emergency department, the nurse educator wo
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uld be concerned if the new nurse listed which of the following as a risk f
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actor for impaired thermoregulation?
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A) Temperature extremes dt

, B) Occupational exposure dt




C) Impaired cognition dt




D) Physical agility - CORRECT ANSWER dt dt dt d t D

Physical agility is not a risk factor for impaired thermoregulation. The nu
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rse educator would use this information to plan additional teaching to in
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clude medical conditions and gait disturbance as risk factors for hypoth
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ermia, because their bodies have a reduced ability to generate heat. Im
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paired cognition is a risk factor. Recreational or occupational exposure i
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s a risk factor. Temperature extremes are risk factors for impaired ther
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moregulation.

An older adult client is in physical restraints. Which intervention by the n
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urse is the priority?
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A) Assess the client hourly while keeping the restraints in place.
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B) Assess the client once each shift, releasing the restraints for f
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eeding.
C) Assess the client twice each shift while keeping the restraints in p
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lace.
D) Assess the client every 30 to 60 minutes, releasing restraints every
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2 hours. - CORRECT ANSWER D
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The application of restraints can have serious consequences. Thus, th
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e nurse should check the client every 30 to 60 minutes, releasing the r
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estraints every 2 hours for positioning and toileting. The other answers
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would not be appropriate because the client would not be assessed fre
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quently enough, and circulation to the limbs could be compromised. As
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sessing every hour and releasing the restraints every 2 hours is in comp
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liance with federal policy for monitoring clients in restraints.
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The nurse is assessing a client with a long-
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term history of arthritic pain. Assessment reveals a heart rate of 115 be
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ats/min and blood pressure of 170/80 mm Hg. Which intervention will the
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nurse carry out first? dt dt dt




A) Administer blood pressure medication. dt dt dt