WELL DETAILED
What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? -
ANSWER 350ml
How much air is in the average adult ventilation? - ANSWER 500ml
How much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is ventilating? -
ANSWER 150ml
A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a
day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal
bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect? - ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive
mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's
response to clear the airway obstruction
An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute.
which device should you use to administer oxygen? - ANSWER Bag-valve mask
EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and
assisting his ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate
with a bag-valve mask.
diaphoretic - ANSWER Characterized by profuse sweating.
1
, Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen - ANSWER 20-44%
What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway? -
ANSWER Bronchi
EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi
get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are
located.
What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult - ANSWER 12-20
A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has
been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? -
ANSWER Pneumonia
EXPLANATION: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a
sign of a lower airway infection. He is febrile (has a fever) from an immune response to the
infection, and the "dull" chest pain is a common symptom at the location of the infection.
A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated
steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vitals signs are BP 112/66, P 124, R
26 shallow and labored. What should you do? - ANSWER Assists his ventilations
EXPLANATION: He is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his
respirations are fast and shallow. Shallow respirations do not allow for adequate oxygen
exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his
breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary
edema from the lower airway burns.
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed upper airway? -
ANSWER Stridor
2
What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? -
ANSWER 350ml
How much air is in the average adult ventilation? - ANSWER 500ml
How much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is ventilating? -
ANSWER 150ml
A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a
day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal
bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect? - ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive
mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's
response to clear the airway obstruction
An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute.
which device should you use to administer oxygen? - ANSWER Bag-valve mask
EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and
assisting his ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate
with a bag-valve mask.
diaphoretic - ANSWER Characterized by profuse sweating.
1
, Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen - ANSWER 20-44%
What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway? -
ANSWER Bronchi
EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi
get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are
located.
What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult - ANSWER 12-20
A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has
been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? -
ANSWER Pneumonia
EXPLANATION: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a
sign of a lower airway infection. He is febrile (has a fever) from an immune response to the
infection, and the "dull" chest pain is a common symptom at the location of the infection.
A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated
steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vitals signs are BP 112/66, P 124, R
26 shallow and labored. What should you do? - ANSWER Assists his ventilations
EXPLANATION: He is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his
respirations are fast and shallow. Shallow respirations do not allow for adequate oxygen
exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his
breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary
edema from the lower airway burns.
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed upper airway? -
ANSWER Stridor
2
