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NR 547 Final Exam || QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||VERIFIED
EXAM!!(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias -
ANSWER-1. Cholinesterase Inhibitors
2. NMDA Receptor Antagonist
3. Antipsychotics
4. SSRIs
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - ANSWER-First line treatment
for mild to moderate AD, LBD, and VaD.
These drugs increase acetylcholine in the brain, which is
essential for memory and cognition
Donepezil (aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Best for Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's, Lewy body
Dementia, and Vascular Dementia.
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Avoid in Frontotemporal Dementia (may worsen
behavioral symptoms)
Donepezil (Aricept) - ANSWER-Dosage: 5-10mg/day
Common Side Effects: Nausea, Diarrhea, Insomnia, and
bradycardia
Best tolerated, once daily dosing
Rivastigmine (Exelon) - ANSWER-Dosage: 3-6mg BID
oral
4.6-9.5mg/day patch
S/E: GI upset, dizziness, weight loss
Patch reduces GI effects
Galantamine (Razadyne) - ANSWER-Dose: 8-12mg BID
S/E: Nausea, bradycardia, Hypotension
May help with attention deficits
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Memantine (Namenda) - ANSWER-NMDA Receptor
Antagonist
First line for moderate to Severe AD
Dose: 5-10mg BID (Start low and titrate)
MOA: Blocks excessive glutamate activity, preventing
neurotoxicity
S/E: Dizziness, confusion, constipation, headache
Can be combined with Donepezil (Aricept) and Memantine
(Namzric) for synergy
Antipsychotics in the treatment of AD - ANSWER-Second
line and adjunctive treatment
For severe agitation, psychosis, or aggression
Preferred atypical antipsychotics:
Risperidone (risperdal) 0.5-1mg/day
Quetiapine (seroquel) 12.5mg-25mg/day
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Olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2.5mg-5mg/day
Best for dementia related psychosis (paranoia,
hallucinations)
Black Box Warning: Increased risk of stroke and mortality
in dementia patients
SSRIs in the treatment of AD - ANSWER-For depression,
anxiety, or irritability in dementia
Sertraline (Zoloft) 25-50mg/day
Citalopram (Celexa) 10-20mg/day
Best for depression in Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia, or
Lewy Body Dementia
Avoid paroxetine (anticholinergic effects worsen cognition)
Vascular Dementia Specific Treatment - ANSWER-
Cholinesterase Inhibitor +Treat vascular risk factors (HTN,
DM, Hyperlipidemia)
NR 547 Final Exam || QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||VERIFIED
EXAM!!(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias -
ANSWER-1. Cholinesterase Inhibitors
2. NMDA Receptor Antagonist
3. Antipsychotics
4. SSRIs
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - ANSWER-First line treatment
for mild to moderate AD, LBD, and VaD.
These drugs increase acetylcholine in the brain, which is
essential for memory and cognition
Donepezil (aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Best for Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's, Lewy body
Dementia, and Vascular Dementia.
,2|Page
Avoid in Frontotemporal Dementia (may worsen
behavioral symptoms)
Donepezil (Aricept) - ANSWER-Dosage: 5-10mg/day
Common Side Effects: Nausea, Diarrhea, Insomnia, and
bradycardia
Best tolerated, once daily dosing
Rivastigmine (Exelon) - ANSWER-Dosage: 3-6mg BID
oral
4.6-9.5mg/day patch
S/E: GI upset, dizziness, weight loss
Patch reduces GI effects
Galantamine (Razadyne) - ANSWER-Dose: 8-12mg BID
S/E: Nausea, bradycardia, Hypotension
May help with attention deficits
,3|Page
Memantine (Namenda) - ANSWER-NMDA Receptor
Antagonist
First line for moderate to Severe AD
Dose: 5-10mg BID (Start low and titrate)
MOA: Blocks excessive glutamate activity, preventing
neurotoxicity
S/E: Dizziness, confusion, constipation, headache
Can be combined with Donepezil (Aricept) and Memantine
(Namzric) for synergy
Antipsychotics in the treatment of AD - ANSWER-Second
line and adjunctive treatment
For severe agitation, psychosis, or aggression
Preferred atypical antipsychotics:
Risperidone (risperdal) 0.5-1mg/day
Quetiapine (seroquel) 12.5mg-25mg/day
, 4|Page
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2.5mg-5mg/day
Best for dementia related psychosis (paranoia,
hallucinations)
Black Box Warning: Increased risk of stroke and mortality
in dementia patients
SSRIs in the treatment of AD - ANSWER-For depression,
anxiety, or irritability in dementia
Sertraline (Zoloft) 25-50mg/day
Citalopram (Celexa) 10-20mg/day
Best for depression in Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia, or
Lewy Body Dementia
Avoid paroxetine (anticholinergic effects worsen cognition)
Vascular Dementia Specific Treatment - ANSWER-
Cholinesterase Inhibitor +Treat vascular risk factors (HTN,
DM, Hyperlipidemia)
