BIOLOGY 321- EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS; 100% PASS GUARANTEED; GRADED A+
Anatomy of a Gene - correct answer- 1. Promotoer region:
where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transciption
ii. Transcription Initiation Site: cap sequence, codes for cap at 5'
end of RNA, begins Exon1
iii. 5'Untranslated Region: leader sequence, determines rate of
translation
iv. Translation initiation
v. exons and introns
vi. Translation termination codon
vii. 3' Untranslated Region- stability, nuvleus enterence,
translation
viii. Transcription Termination Sequence
Anology - correct answer- Structures that serve a similar
purpose but only look alike because of convergent evolution (eg
bat wing and bird wing because flight arose independently)
Aristotle - correct answer- First to make observations about
early development of animals and humans- used chickens
,Autonomous Specification - correct answer- Cell fate is
determined entirely by cytoplasmic factors.
i. Neutral environment- same fate
ii. Another Area on Embryo- same fate (eg micromeres for
gastrulation in sea urchins)
iii. Removal- prevent formation of structures
Biogenetic Law/ Theory of Recapitulation - correct answer-
Theory that evolutionary stages are repeated in the growth of a
young mammal- goes against 3 and 4 of Karl Ernst von Baer
Cadherins - correct answer- Calcium-Dependent Adhesion
molecules. Critical for establishing and maintaining intercellular
connections, transmembrane proteins that interact with
cadherins on adjacent cells. [adhere cells together, link and help
to assemble actin cytoskeleton for sheet and tube formation,
serve to initiate and transduce signals for gene expression]
Catenins - correct answer- Anchor cadherins in their cells.
Cadherin-catenin complex forms classic adherens junction that
holds epithelial cells togther. Bound to actin cytoskeleton
, Cell Adhesion Molecules - correct answer- Sticky
extracellular domain with internal anchor, don't cause signaling
cascade but hold cells next to one another and hole he embryo
together
Cell Division - correct answer- (mitosis or proliferation) can
affect the force cause cell movements, affects shape and size of
structure
Cell Growth - correct answer- Changes in cytoplasm volume
are associated with cell size and the formation of different types
of cells (eg micromere or oocyte formation)
Cell Migration - correct answer- Movement of cells to their
appropriate locatinos, associated with responses to chemical
cues, attachment to other cells or extracellular matrix, can be
generated from pushes or pulls
Cell Shape Changes - correct answer- Associated with
changes from sheets of epithelial cells to independently
migrating cells (development of psuedopods, round to elongated
cell shapes, etc.) associated withchanges in cytoskeleton
elements and attachments to other cells or extracellular matrix
ANSWERS; 100% PASS GUARANTEED; GRADED A+
Anatomy of a Gene - correct answer- 1. Promotoer region:
where RNA polymerase II binds to initiate transciption
ii. Transcription Initiation Site: cap sequence, codes for cap at 5'
end of RNA, begins Exon1
iii. 5'Untranslated Region: leader sequence, determines rate of
translation
iv. Translation initiation
v. exons and introns
vi. Translation termination codon
vii. 3' Untranslated Region- stability, nuvleus enterence,
translation
viii. Transcription Termination Sequence
Anology - correct answer- Structures that serve a similar
purpose but only look alike because of convergent evolution (eg
bat wing and bird wing because flight arose independently)
Aristotle - correct answer- First to make observations about
early development of animals and humans- used chickens
,Autonomous Specification - correct answer- Cell fate is
determined entirely by cytoplasmic factors.
i. Neutral environment- same fate
ii. Another Area on Embryo- same fate (eg micromeres for
gastrulation in sea urchins)
iii. Removal- prevent formation of structures
Biogenetic Law/ Theory of Recapitulation - correct answer-
Theory that evolutionary stages are repeated in the growth of a
young mammal- goes against 3 and 4 of Karl Ernst von Baer
Cadherins - correct answer- Calcium-Dependent Adhesion
molecules. Critical for establishing and maintaining intercellular
connections, transmembrane proteins that interact with
cadherins on adjacent cells. [adhere cells together, link and help
to assemble actin cytoskeleton for sheet and tube formation,
serve to initiate and transduce signals for gene expression]
Catenins - correct answer- Anchor cadherins in their cells.
Cadherin-catenin complex forms classic adherens junction that
holds epithelial cells togther. Bound to actin cytoskeleton
, Cell Adhesion Molecules - correct answer- Sticky
extracellular domain with internal anchor, don't cause signaling
cascade but hold cells next to one another and hole he embryo
together
Cell Division - correct answer- (mitosis or proliferation) can
affect the force cause cell movements, affects shape and size of
structure
Cell Growth - correct answer- Changes in cytoplasm volume
are associated with cell size and the formation of different types
of cells (eg micromere or oocyte formation)
Cell Migration - correct answer- Movement of cells to their
appropriate locatinos, associated with responses to chemical
cues, attachment to other cells or extracellular matrix, can be
generated from pushes or pulls
Cell Shape Changes - correct answer- Associated with
changes from sheets of epithelial cells to independently
migrating cells (development of psuedopods, round to elongated
cell shapes, etc.) associated withchanges in cytoskeleton
elements and attachments to other cells or extracellular matrix
