BIOL 2404 Chapter 10 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Endocrine Glands - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ductless; secrete into tissue fluids and
then into blood.
Peptide Hormones - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Includes proteins, glycoproteins, and
modified amino acids.
- Used second messenger system: cannot diffuse through cell membrane.
- Binds to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane; it acs as a "first
messenger," and activates a "second messenger" (Ex: cyclic AMP and
calcium)
,Steroid Hormones - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Lipids that can diffuse across the
plasma membrane
- Once inside the cell, steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins
- Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, activating particular genes
- Gene activation leads to production of cellular enzymes that cause
cellular change-> hormones-> exocytosis
Humoral Control - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Concentration of dissolved substances
or ions in the blood.
- By the actions of other hormones that stimulate or inhibit its release
- Ex: Aldosterone from adrenal cortex (b/c low Na+) -> kidneys to reabsorb
Na+
Hypothalamus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Regulates the body's internal environment,
through the ANS it regulates heart rate, body temperature, and water
balance. It also controls secretions of the pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Located at the base of the
brain in the sella turcica; it has two parts the posterior pituitary gland
(neurohypophysis) and anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
, - Produces the largest number of different hormones
Posterior Pituitary - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus make ADH and oxytocin.
ADH - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Released when blood salt concentration is high
- Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
- Raises BP via vasoconstriction
- Controlled through negative feedback mechanisms
- Alcohol suppresses ADH production and release
Oxytocin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Causes uterine contractions during childbirth &
milk let-down
- Release of oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback through a
neuroendocrine reflex
- "love" hormone
Anterior Pituitary - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Controlled by hypothalamic-releasing
and hypothalamic inhibiting hormones that travel through a portal system to
the anterior pituitary
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
Endocrine Glands - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ductless; secrete into tissue fluids and
then into blood.
Peptide Hormones - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Includes proteins, glycoproteins, and
modified amino acids.
- Used second messenger system: cannot diffuse through cell membrane.
- Binds to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane; it acs as a "first
messenger," and activates a "second messenger" (Ex: cyclic AMP and
calcium)
,Steroid Hormones - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Lipids that can diffuse across the
plasma membrane
- Once inside the cell, steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins
- Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, activating particular genes
- Gene activation leads to production of cellular enzymes that cause
cellular change-> hormones-> exocytosis
Humoral Control - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Concentration of dissolved substances
or ions in the blood.
- By the actions of other hormones that stimulate or inhibit its release
- Ex: Aldosterone from adrenal cortex (b/c low Na+) -> kidneys to reabsorb
Na+
Hypothalamus - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Regulates the body's internal environment,
through the ANS it regulates heart rate, body temperature, and water
balance. It also controls secretions of the pituitary gland (hypophysis)
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Located at the base of the
brain in the sella turcica; it has two parts the posterior pituitary gland
(neurohypophysis) and anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
, - Produces the largest number of different hormones
Posterior Pituitary - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus make ADH and oxytocin.
ADH - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Released when blood salt concentration is high
- Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
- Raises BP via vasoconstriction
- Controlled through negative feedback mechanisms
- Alcohol suppresses ADH production and release
Oxytocin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Causes uterine contractions during childbirth &
milk let-down
- Release of oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback through a
neuroendocrine reflex
- "love" hormone
Anterior Pituitary - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Controlled by hypothalamic-releasing
and hypothalamic inhibiting hormones that travel through a portal system to
the anterior pituitary
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
