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Explanations – Perfect for COMLEX Level 1 & 2
Prep”
drug for UC/Crohns - Answer-sulfasalazine
pulmonary effects of CF - Answer-chronic bronchitis an dbronchiectasis
osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - Answer-(spongy and ) trabecular bone
mass loss
imipramine - Answer-TCA
SE: Tri-Cs
convulsions
coma
cardiotox
antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic
hypotension- block alpha1)
,Metoclopramide - Answer-an antiemetic and prokinetic drug for the GI tract. It
stimulates peristalsis by antagonizing D2 (dopamine) receptors, thereby
increasing resting tone, contractility LES tone, and overall motility. Used to treat
Diabetic gastroporesis
SE - extrapyramidal symptoms like parkinsonism and dystonia.
Meclizine - Answer-an antihistamine used for nausea and motion sickness. it has
anticholinergic properties and can thus produe drowsiness and dry mouth
Anion Gap Equation - Answer-Na-Cl-bicarb
normal is bw 8-16
MUDPILERS - Answer-Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Propylene Glycol
Isoniazid
Lactic Acidosis
Ethylene Glycol/ Alcohol
Renal Failure (chronic)
Salicylates (aspirin)
,Alzheimer Disease - Answer-decrease acetylcholine level from a deficiency of
choline acetyltransferase most notably in the basal nucleus of meynert which
participates in memory and cognition
also decreased levels in the hippocampus
trousseaus sign - Answer-occlusion of brachial arter with BP cuff which leads to
carpal spasm.
present in hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathydoidism - Answer-Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy
autosomal dominant kidney unresponsiveness to PTH. leads to hypocalcemia,
shortened 4th/5th digits, short stature.
Trousseau's Syndrome - Answer-a migratory thrombophlebitis - presents with
redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities. associated with a visceral
malignancy mostly pancreatic adenocarcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the colon
and lung etc.
treatment for legionares? - Answer-respiratory floroquinolone
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia - Answer-bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen
and irregular bony trabeculae.
McCune-Albright Syndrome - Answer-a form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
characterized by multiple unilateral bone lesions associated with endocrine
abnormalities (precocious puberty) and cafe au lait spots.
treatment for tinea versicolor - Answer-selenium sulfatide, topical miconazole
, Papillary thyroid carcinoma - Answer-malignant - good prognosis, lymphatic
spread, most common thyroid cancer, papillary growth with optically clear nuclie
(orphan annie nuclie) (ground glass chromatin)
Clomiphine - Answer-a SERM that inhibits negative feedback of estrogen in the
hypothalamus on gonadotropin release causing an increased release of LH and
FSH from the anterior pituitary glans which stimulates ovulation. It is used to treat
infertility in the setting of PCOS.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica - Answer-bone pain, subperiosteal bone resorption on the
radial aspect of middle phalanges along with brown tumors of the long bones.
Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer-flushing wheezing, diahrrea and right sided valvular
lesions especially tricuspid regurgitation. needs to have metastasized to the liver
because if not and its in the GI tract it is subject to first pass effect so you will not
see symptoms.
causes of epiddymitis >35 yo - Answer-ecoli, pseudomonas, proteus
causes of epididymitis < 35 yo - Answer-chlamydia, gonnohrea.
Fanconi's syndrome - Answer-proximal tubular reabsorption defect
polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances,
hypophosphatemic rickets.
GP120 - Answer-HIV docking protein in viral envelope, formed from cleavage of
GP160. responsible for attachment to host CD4+ T cell.