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MOLECULARVBIOLOGYVOFVTHEVCELL,VSEVENT
HVEDITIONVSOLUTIONVMANUAL
CHAPTERV1:CELLSVANDVGENOMES
1. ScientistsVdiscoverVmoreVthanVtenVthousandVnewVspeciesVofVlivingVorganismsVever
yVyear.VWhatVisVsharedVbetweenVallVofVtheseVorganisms?
A. TheyVareVmadeVofVcells,VwhoseVnucleiVencloseVtheirVDNA.
B. TheyVobtainVtheirVenergyVfromVsunlight.
C. TheyVproduceVandVuseVadenosineVtriphosphateV(ATP).
D. TheirVgenomeVcontainsVatVleastV1000Vgenes.
E. AllVofVtheVabove.
2. AllVcellsV…
A. haveVmembraneVtransportVproteins.
B. synthesizeVproteinsVonVtheVribosome.
C. replicateVtheirVgenomeVbyVDNAVpolymerization.
D. transcribeVtheirVgeneticVinformationVbyVRNAVpolymerization.
E. AllVofVtheVabove.
3. ImagineVaVsegmentVofVDNAV(withinVaVgene)VencodingVaVcertainVamountVofVinform
ationVinVitsVnucleotideVsequence.VWhenVthisVsegmentVisVfullyVtranscribedVintoVmRNAVand
VthenVtranslatedVintoVprotein,VinVgeneral,V…
A. theVproteinVsequenceVwouldVcarryVmoreVinformationVcomparedVtoVtheVDNAVandV
mRNAVsequences,VbecauseVitsValphabetVhasV20Vletters.
B. theVproteinVsequenceVwouldVcarryVlessVinformationVcomparedVtoVtheVDNAVandV
mRNAVsequences,VbecauseVseveralVcodonsVcanVcorrespondVtoVoneVaminoVacid.
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C. theVamountVofVinformationVinVtheVmRNAVsequenceVisVlower,VbecauseVtheVmR
NAVhasVbeenVtranscribedVusingVonlyVoneVofVtheVDNAVstrandsVasVtheVtemplate
.
D. theVamountVofVinformationVinVtheVmRNAVsequenceVisVhigher,VbecauseVseveralV
mRNAVmoleculesVcanVbeVtranscribedVfromVoneVDNAVmolecule.
4. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVprocessesVthatVhappensVinsideVaVcellVDOESVNOTVnormallyV
requireVconsumptionVofVfreeVenergyVbyVtheVcell?
A. ReplicationVofVtheVgeneticVmaterial
B. ImportVofVnutrientsVfromVtheVenvironment
C. DiffusionVofVsmallVmoleculesVwithinVtheVcell
D. RegulationVofVgeneVexpression
E. SynthesisVofVenzymesVthatVcatalyzeVcellularVreactions
5. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVwouldVyouVNOTVexpectVtoVfindVinVaVbacterialVcell?
A. SwimmingVusingVflagella
B. HavingVaVcellVwallVaroundVtheVplasmaVmembrane
C. ATPVproductionVinVmitochondria
D. ProteinVproductionVonVtheVribosome
E. SexualVexchangeVofVDNAVwithVotherVbacteria
6. ToVtraceVfamilyVrelationshipsVbetweenVdistantlyVrelatedVorganismsVsuchVasVhumans,V
algae,Vbacteria,VandVarchaea,VoneVshouldVcompareVtheirVgenomesVinVregionsV…
A. thatVevolveVrapidly.
B. thatVhaveVaVhigherVmutationVrate.
C. thatVcodeVforVproteins.
D. whereVmutationsVareVhardlyVtolerated.
E. whereVmostVmutationsVareVselectivelyVneutral.
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7. LaboratoryVstrainsVofVtheVmodelVorganismVEscherichiaVcoliVthatVareVresistantVtoVanti
bioticsVareVveryVoftenVusedVinVresearchVlaboratoriesVasVwellVasVinVtheVbiotechnologyVindustr
y.VIfVculturesVofVsuchVbacteriaVwereVallowedVtoVcontaminateVtheVenvironmentVuncontrollabl
y,VitVisVpossibleVthatVatVsomeVpoint,VpathogenicVbacteriaVsuchVasVNeisseriaVmeningitidisV(wh
ichVcausesVmeningitisVandVcanVcauseVdeath,VespeciallyVinVchildren)VcouldVacquireVtheVsame
Vantibiotic-
resistanceVgene,VcausingVaVmeningitisVoutbreakVthatVisVdifficultVtoVtreat.VInVthisVscenario,Vw
hichVofVtheVfollowingVmechanismsVisVaVmoreVlikelyVsourceVofVtheVantibiotic-
resistanceVgeneVinVN.Vmeningitidis?
A. RandomVnewVgeneVgeneration
B. IntragenicVmutation
C. GeneVduplication
D. DNAVsegmentVshuffling
E. HorizontalVgeneVtransfer
8. AVvirusV…
A. isVaVtypeVofVcell.
B. hasVgeneticVmaterialVmadeVofVproteins.
C. canVonlyVinfectVaVsingleVhostVspecies.
D. canVactVasVaVvectorVforVgeneVtransfer.
E. cannotVpersistVinVitsVhostVforVmoreVthanVoneVcellVgeneration.
9. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVdoesVNOTVtypicallyVinvolveVhorizontalVgeneVtransfer?
A. SexualVreproductionVinVhumans
B. BacteriophageVinfectionVofVbacteria
C. TheVevolutionaryVhistoryVofVtheVeukaryoticVcell
D. TheVaccidentalVduplicationVofVaVsmallVregionVofVaVbacterialVchromosomeVfollo
wedVbyVcellVdivision
E. IntroductionVofVplasmidsVintoVbacteriaVinVaVlaboratory
10. GeneVduplicationVcanVgiveVriseVtoVhomologousVgenesVthatVareVpartVofVgeneVfamil
ies.VForVexample,VthereVareVsixVactinVgenesVinVtheVgenomeVofVmostVmammalianVspecies.
VInVhumans,Vthe
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ACTBVgene,VwhichVencodesVaVcytoskeletalVactin,VisVexpressedVubiquitously,VwhileVACTC1Vi
sVexpressedVmainlyVinVcardiacVcells.VAlthoughVbacteriaVlackVtheVeukaryoticVcytoskeletalVorg
anization,VtheVbacterialVMreBVgeneVbearsVrecognizableVsequenceVsimilarityVtoVmammalianVac
tinVgenesVandVcodesVforVaVproteinVthatVisVsimilarVtoVactinVinVstructureVandVfunction.VWhich
VofVtheVfollowingVstatementsVisVtrueVaboutVtheseVgenes?
A. ACTBVisVhomologousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
B. ACTBVisVorthologousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
C. ACTBVisVparalogousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
D. MreBVisVorthologousVtoVACTBVbutVnotVtoVACTC1.
E. ACTBVisVparalogousVtoVbothVACTC1VandVMreB.
11. OutVofVnearlyV5000Vprotein-
codingVgeneVfamilies,VthereVisVaVsetVofVnearlyV300VconservedVgeneVfamiliesVthatVareVfou
ndVinVspeciesVfromVallVdomainsVofVlife.VWhenVoneVlooksVatVtheVgeneralVfunctionsVassign
edVtoVtheseVgeneVfamilies,VitVisVfoundVthatV…
A. theVmajorityVofVthemVfunctionVinVcell-to-cellVsignaling.
B. theVmajorityVofVthemVareVpoorlyVcharacterized.
C. moreVthanVone-
thirdVofVthemVareVinvolvedVinVtranslationVorVaminoVacidVtransportVandVmetabol
ism.
D. moreVthanVone-
halfVofVtheVsharedVfamiliesVareVinvolvedVinVDNAVreplicationVandVtranscri
ption.
E. NearlyVallVofVthemVareVinvolvedVinVenergyVproductionVandVcarbohydrateVmetabolism.
12. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVisVtrueVregardingVEscherichiaVcoli?
A. MostVofVourVunderstandingVaboutVmitosisVcomesVfromVstudiesVonVthisVmodelVorganism.
B. ItVisVaVrod-
shapedVbacteriumVthatVcanVonlyVgrowVinVtheVgutVofVhumansVandVotherVve
rtebrates.
C. TwoVstrainsVofVE.VcoliVcanVdifferVbyVupVtoV0.1%VinVtheirVgenomes.
D. E.VcoliVstrainVK-12VencodesVaboutV4300Vproteins.
E. TheVE.VcoliV(strainVK-12)VgenomeVisVaboutV430VmillionVnucleotideVpairsVlong.
V|VPVaV gV
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MOLECULARVBIOLOGYVOFVTHEVCELL,VSEVENT
HVEDITIONVSOLUTIONVMANUAL
CHAPTERV1:CELLSVANDVGENOMES
1. ScientistsVdiscoverVmoreVthanVtenVthousandVnewVspeciesVofVlivingVorganismsVever
yVyear.VWhatVisVsharedVbetweenVallVofVtheseVorganisms?
A. TheyVareVmadeVofVcells,VwhoseVnucleiVencloseVtheirVDNA.
B. TheyVobtainVtheirVenergyVfromVsunlight.
C. TheyVproduceVandVuseVadenosineVtriphosphateV(ATP).
D. TheirVgenomeVcontainsVatVleastV1000Vgenes.
E. AllVofVtheVabove.
2. AllVcellsV…
A. haveVmembraneVtransportVproteins.
B. synthesizeVproteinsVonVtheVribosome.
C. replicateVtheirVgenomeVbyVDNAVpolymerization.
D. transcribeVtheirVgeneticVinformationVbyVRNAVpolymerization.
E. AllVofVtheVabove.
3. ImagineVaVsegmentVofVDNAV(withinVaVgene)VencodingVaVcertainVamountVofVinform
ationVinVitsVnucleotideVsequence.VWhenVthisVsegmentVisVfullyVtranscribedVintoVmRNAVand
VthenVtranslatedVintoVprotein,VinVgeneral,V…
A. theVproteinVsequenceVwouldVcarryVmoreVinformationVcomparedVtoVtheVDNAVandV
mRNAVsequences,VbecauseVitsValphabetVhasV20Vletters.
B. theVproteinVsequenceVwouldVcarryVlessVinformationVcomparedVtoVtheVDNAVandV
mRNAVsequences,VbecauseVseveralVcodonsVcanVcorrespondVtoVoneVaminoVacid.
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V|VPVaV gV
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C. theVamountVofVinformationVinVtheVmRNAVsequenceVisVlower,VbecauseVtheVmR
NAVhasVbeenVtranscribedVusingVonlyVoneVofVtheVDNAVstrandsVasVtheVtemplate
.
D. theVamountVofVinformationVinVtheVmRNAVsequenceVisVhigher,VbecauseVseveralV
mRNAVmoleculesVcanVbeVtranscribedVfromVoneVDNAVmolecule.
4. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVprocessesVthatVhappensVinsideVaVcellVDOESVNOTVnormallyV
requireVconsumptionVofVfreeVenergyVbyVtheVcell?
A. ReplicationVofVtheVgeneticVmaterial
B. ImportVofVnutrientsVfromVtheVenvironment
C. DiffusionVofVsmallVmoleculesVwithinVtheVcell
D. RegulationVofVgeneVexpression
E. SynthesisVofVenzymesVthatVcatalyzeVcellularVreactions
5. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVwouldVyouVNOTVexpectVtoVfindVinVaVbacterialVcell?
A. SwimmingVusingVflagella
B. HavingVaVcellVwallVaroundVtheVplasmaVmembrane
C. ATPVproductionVinVmitochondria
D. ProteinVproductionVonVtheVribosome
E. SexualVexchangeVofVDNAVwithVotherVbacteria
6. ToVtraceVfamilyVrelationshipsVbetweenVdistantlyVrelatedVorganismsVsuchVasVhumans,V
algae,Vbacteria,VandVarchaea,VoneVshouldVcompareVtheirVgenomesVinVregionsV…
A. thatVevolveVrapidly.
B. thatVhaveVaVhigherVmutationVrate.
C. thatVcodeVforVproteins.
D. whereVmutationsVareVhardlyVtolerated.
E. whereVmostVmutationsVareVselectivelyVneutral.
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7. LaboratoryVstrainsVofVtheVmodelVorganismVEscherichiaVcoliVthatVareVresistantVtoVanti
bioticsVareVveryVoftenVusedVinVresearchVlaboratoriesVasVwellVasVinVtheVbiotechnologyVindustr
y.VIfVculturesVofVsuchVbacteriaVwereVallowedVtoVcontaminateVtheVenvironmentVuncontrollabl
y,VitVisVpossibleVthatVatVsomeVpoint,VpathogenicVbacteriaVsuchVasVNeisseriaVmeningitidisV(wh
ichVcausesVmeningitisVandVcanVcauseVdeath,VespeciallyVinVchildren)VcouldVacquireVtheVsame
Vantibiotic-
resistanceVgene,VcausingVaVmeningitisVoutbreakVthatVisVdifficultVtoVtreat.VInVthisVscenario,Vw
hichVofVtheVfollowingVmechanismsVisVaVmoreVlikelyVsourceVofVtheVantibiotic-
resistanceVgeneVinVN.Vmeningitidis?
A. RandomVnewVgeneVgeneration
B. IntragenicVmutation
C. GeneVduplication
D. DNAVsegmentVshuffling
E. HorizontalVgeneVtransfer
8. AVvirusV…
A. isVaVtypeVofVcell.
B. hasVgeneticVmaterialVmadeVofVproteins.
C. canVonlyVinfectVaVsingleVhostVspecies.
D. canVactVasVaVvectorVforVgeneVtransfer.
E. cannotVpersistVinVitsVhostVforVmoreVthanVoneVcellVgeneration.
9. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVdoesVNOTVtypicallyVinvolveVhorizontalVgeneVtransfer?
A. SexualVreproductionVinVhumans
B. BacteriophageVinfectionVofVbacteria
C. TheVevolutionaryVhistoryVofVtheVeukaryoticVcell
D. TheVaccidentalVduplicationVofVaVsmallVregionVofVaVbacterialVchromosomeVfollo
wedVbyVcellVdivision
E. IntroductionVofVplasmidsVintoVbacteriaVinVaVlaboratory
10. GeneVduplicationVcanVgiveVriseVtoVhomologousVgenesVthatVareVpartVofVgeneVfamil
ies.VForVexample,VthereVareVsixVactinVgenesVinVtheVgenomeVofVmostVmammalianVspecies.
VInVhumans,Vthe
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ACTBVgene,VwhichVencodesVaVcytoskeletalVactin,VisVexpressedVubiquitously,VwhileVACTC1Vi
sVexpressedVmainlyVinVcardiacVcells.VAlthoughVbacteriaVlackVtheVeukaryoticVcytoskeletalVorg
anization,VtheVbacterialVMreBVgeneVbearsVrecognizableVsequenceVsimilarityVtoVmammalianVac
tinVgenesVandVcodesVforVaVproteinVthatVisVsimilarVtoVactinVinVstructureVandVfunction.VWhich
VofVtheVfollowingVstatementsVisVtrueVaboutVtheseVgenes?
A. ACTBVisVhomologousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
B. ACTBVisVorthologousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
C. ACTBVisVparalogousVtoVACTC1VbutVnotVtoVMreB.
D. MreBVisVorthologousVtoVACTBVbutVnotVtoVACTC1.
E. ACTBVisVparalogousVtoVbothVACTC1VandVMreB.
11. OutVofVnearlyV5000Vprotein-
codingVgeneVfamilies,VthereVisVaVsetVofVnearlyV300VconservedVgeneVfamiliesVthatVareVfou
ndVinVspeciesVfromVallVdomainsVofVlife.VWhenVoneVlooksVatVtheVgeneralVfunctionsVassign
edVtoVtheseVgeneVfamilies,VitVisVfoundVthatV…
A. theVmajorityVofVthemVfunctionVinVcell-to-cellVsignaling.
B. theVmajorityVofVthemVareVpoorlyVcharacterized.
C. moreVthanVone-
thirdVofVthemVareVinvolvedVinVtranslationVorVaminoVacidVtransportVandVmetabol
ism.
D. moreVthanVone-
halfVofVtheVsharedVfamiliesVareVinvolvedVinVDNAVreplicationVandVtranscri
ption.
E. NearlyVallVofVthemVareVinvolvedVinVenergyVproductionVandVcarbohydrateVmetabolism.
12. WhichVofVtheVfollowingVisVtrueVregardingVEscherichiaVcoli?
A. MostVofVourVunderstandingVaboutVmitosisVcomesVfromVstudiesVonVthisVmodelVorganism.
B. ItVisVaVrod-
shapedVbacteriumVthatVcanVonlyVgrowVinVtheVgutVofVhumansVandVotherVve
rtebrates.
C. TwoVstrainsVofVE.VcoliVcanVdifferVbyVupVtoV0.1%VinVtheirVgenomes.
D. E.VcoliVstrainVK-12VencodesVaboutV4300Vproteins.
E. TheVE.VcoliV(strainVK-12)VgenomeVisVaboutV430VmillionVnucleotideVpairsVlong.
