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NR 507 / NR507 Midterm Exam Actual
Exam 2026/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 28-year-old trauma patient develops diffuse capillary leak, hypotension,
and lactic acidosis within 6 hours. Which cellular event is the primary driver of the
observed hypoperfusion?
Options:
A. Decreased ATP production with sodium-potassium pump failure - CORRECT
B. Enhanced calcium influx activating apoptosis
C. Mitochondrial biogenesis acceleration
D. Lysosomal enzyme release causing autolysis
ANSWER: A
Q002: A 45-year-old with prolonged vomiting presents with muscle cramps and
tetany. Arterial pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 46 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 34 mEq/L. Which compensatory
mechanism is responsible for the arterial PaCO₂ value?
Options:
A. Metabolic alkalosis-induced hypoventilation - CORRECT
B. Respiratory acidosis from airway obstruction
C. Lactic acidosis buffering
D. Renal tubular acidosis type I
, 2
ANSWER: A
Q003: A 22-year-old female with type 1 diabetes develops abdominal pain and
Kussmaul respirations. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate is elevated. Which enzyme’s
deficiency is most directly responsible for ketone body accumulation?
Options:
A. Insulin-activated lipoprotein lipase
B. Hormone-sensitive lipase overactivity - CORRECT
C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase upregulation
D. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibition
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 55-year-old smoker presents with barrel chest and flattened diaphragms.
Which pathophysiologic change in lung elastic recoil is primarily responsible for
air trapping?
Options:
A. Decreased surfactant production
B. Loss of alveolar elastic fibers and premature airway closure - CORRECT
C. Increased collagen cross-linking
D. Hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
ANSWER: B
Q005: A 38-year-old with Graves disease develops exophthalmos. Which orbital
tissue change underlies the proptosis?
Options:
A. Adipocyte hyperplasia
B. Glycosaminoglycan deposition and edema in extraocular muscles - CORRECT
C. Lacrimal gland atrophy
D. Optic nerve sheath inflammation
, 3
ANSWER: B
Q006: A 60-year-old with CKD stage 4 has serum phosphate 6.2 mg/dL. Which
compensatory glandular hypertrophy attempts to lower phosphate but contributes
to vascular calcification?
Options:
A. Parathyroid hyperplasia - CORRECT
B. Thyroid C-cell hyperplasia
C. Adrenal zona glomerulosa hypertrophy
D. Pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia
ANSWER: A
Q007: A 30-year-old male has sudden severe chest pain radiating to the back, BP
80/50, and a diastolic murmur. Which medial layer abnormality is pathognomonic
for the suspected diagnosis?
Options:
A. Tunica intima tear with blood entering media - CORRECT
B. Adventitial fibrosis
C. Internal elastic lamina duplication
D. Endothelial hyperplasia
ANSWER: A
Q008: A 50-year-old with prolonged diarrhea develops muscle weakness and
paresthesias. ECG shows flattened T waves and U waves. Which transmembrane
gradient is most disrupted?
Options:
A. High extracellular [K⁺] with low intracellular [K⁺]
B. Low extracellular [K⁺] with normal intracellular [K⁺] - CORRECT
C. High intracellular [Na⁺] with low extracellular [Na⁺]
NR 507 / NR507 Midterm Exam Actual
Exam 2026/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 28-year-old trauma patient develops diffuse capillary leak, hypotension,
and lactic acidosis within 6 hours. Which cellular event is the primary driver of the
observed hypoperfusion?
Options:
A. Decreased ATP production with sodium-potassium pump failure - CORRECT
B. Enhanced calcium influx activating apoptosis
C. Mitochondrial biogenesis acceleration
D. Lysosomal enzyme release causing autolysis
ANSWER: A
Q002: A 45-year-old with prolonged vomiting presents with muscle cramps and
tetany. Arterial pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 46 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 34 mEq/L. Which compensatory
mechanism is responsible for the arterial PaCO₂ value?
Options:
A. Metabolic alkalosis-induced hypoventilation - CORRECT
B. Respiratory acidosis from airway obstruction
C. Lactic acidosis buffering
D. Renal tubular acidosis type I
, 2
ANSWER: A
Q003: A 22-year-old female with type 1 diabetes develops abdominal pain and
Kussmaul respirations. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate is elevated. Which enzyme’s
deficiency is most directly responsible for ketone body accumulation?
Options:
A. Insulin-activated lipoprotein lipase
B. Hormone-sensitive lipase overactivity - CORRECT
C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase upregulation
D. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibition
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 55-year-old smoker presents with barrel chest and flattened diaphragms.
Which pathophysiologic change in lung elastic recoil is primarily responsible for
air trapping?
Options:
A. Decreased surfactant production
B. Loss of alveolar elastic fibers and premature airway closure - CORRECT
C. Increased collagen cross-linking
D. Hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
ANSWER: B
Q005: A 38-year-old with Graves disease develops exophthalmos. Which orbital
tissue change underlies the proptosis?
Options:
A. Adipocyte hyperplasia
B. Glycosaminoglycan deposition and edema in extraocular muscles - CORRECT
C. Lacrimal gland atrophy
D. Optic nerve sheath inflammation
, 3
ANSWER: B
Q006: A 60-year-old with CKD stage 4 has serum phosphate 6.2 mg/dL. Which
compensatory glandular hypertrophy attempts to lower phosphate but contributes
to vascular calcification?
Options:
A. Parathyroid hyperplasia - CORRECT
B. Thyroid C-cell hyperplasia
C. Adrenal zona glomerulosa hypertrophy
D. Pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia
ANSWER: A
Q007: A 30-year-old male has sudden severe chest pain radiating to the back, BP
80/50, and a diastolic murmur. Which medial layer abnormality is pathognomonic
for the suspected diagnosis?
Options:
A. Tunica intima tear with blood entering media - CORRECT
B. Adventitial fibrosis
C. Internal elastic lamina duplication
D. Endothelial hyperplasia
ANSWER: A
Q008: A 50-year-old with prolonged diarrhea develops muscle weakness and
paresthesias. ECG shows flattened T waves and U waves. Which transmembrane
gradient is most disrupted?
Options:
A. High extracellular [K⁺] with low intracellular [K⁺]
B. Low extracellular [K⁺] with normal intracellular [K⁺] - CORRECT
C. High intracellular [Na⁺] with low extracellular [Na⁺]
