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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTcn cn
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics........................................................................................................................ 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .......................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................... 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles .............................................................................. 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................. 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems................................................................................................. 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................... 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .............................................................................................. 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................................ 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation .................................................................................................. 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression .............................................................................................................. 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair............................................................. 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................... 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................ 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics........................................................................................................................ 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................. 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, t
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he trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of n
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atural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
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ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce m
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elanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the la
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ck of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are se
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en as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most po
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pulations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are ke
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pt at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, t
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he trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of n
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atural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are
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viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership.
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Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
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Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to su
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nlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows
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them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that
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cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in o
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ther cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
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3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is I
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NCORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics cn
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics cn cn cn cn cn
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e cn
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles cn cn cn cn
b. mechanism of DNA replication cn cn cn
c. gene expression patterns cn cn
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: a cn
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d cn
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
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b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally
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and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
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c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of
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Species.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
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e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
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ANSWER: d cn
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
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10,000 and 12,000 years ago. cn cn cn cn
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
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c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
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d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
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e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
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ANSWER: d cn
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
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b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
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c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
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d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
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e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
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ANSWER: c cn
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of i
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nheritance?
a. fruit flies cn
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b cn
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
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www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Benjamin A. Pierce
cn cn
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTcn cn
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics........................................................................................................................ 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .......................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................... 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles .............................................................................. 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping .................................................................. 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ..................................................................................................................... 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems................................................................................................. 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................... 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination .............................................................................................. 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................................ 198
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Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation .................................................................................................. 224
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Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression .............................................................................................................. 244
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Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair............................................................. 278
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Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................... 298
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Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ................................................................................................................ 314
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Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ................................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics........................................................................................................................ 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................. 366
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
he trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of n
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
atural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce m
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
elanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the la
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ck of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are se
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
en as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most po
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
pulations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are ke
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pt at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. However, t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
he trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of n
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
atural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos are
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leadership.
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Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to su
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. This allows
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in o
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ther cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is I
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
NCORRECT?
a. evolution—population genetics cn
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
cn cn
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
cn cn cn
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics cn cn cn cn cn
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e cn
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles cn cn cn cn
b. mechanism of DNA replication cn cn cn
c. gene expression patterns cn cn
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: a cn
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d cn
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
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a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurally
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
cn cn cn cn cn
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
Species.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: d cn
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
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a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
10,000 and 12,000 years ago. cn cn cn cn
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: d cn
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
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a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
cn cn cn
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
cn cn cn cn
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
cn cn cn
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
cn cn cn
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: c cn
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of i
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nheritance?
a. fruit flies cn
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b cn
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
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