WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I OBJECTIVE
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, and portions
of the small and large intestines?
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule outside the cell?
Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific
molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces a chemical reaction within the
cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal?
If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it means it is located towards the
tail or lower part of the body. In humans, this typically refers to a position closer
to the feet or the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are situated lower on
the body compared to the arms.
,What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system?
In a negative feedback system, the effector plays a crucial role in maintaining
homeostasis by carrying out the response to a stimulus. Here's how it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable (e.g.,
temperature, blood sugar levels).
Signal Processing: The control center (often the brain or endocrine glands)
processes this information and determines the appropriate response.
Action: The effector enacts the response to counteract the initial change and bring
the variable back to its set point.
For example, if your body temperature drops, the effector (such as muscles
shivering) generates heat to raise your body temperature back to normal.
What is the correct order of the epidermis layer arranged from deep to superficial?
1. Stratum basale (or stratum germinativum)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles)
5. Stratum corneum
Which skin layer contains Langerhans cells?
,Langerhans cells are primarily found in the stratum spinosum layer of the
epidermis. These cells play a key role in the skin's immune defense by acting as
antigen-presenting cells, which help detect and fight pathogens.
Which degree of burn affects the underlying bones and muscles?
Fourth-degree burns are the most severe and affect not only all layers of the skin
but also the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. These burns often appear
charred or white and are typically painless because the nerve endings are
destroyed.
Which part of the long bone has an epiphyseal line?
The epiphyseal line is located at the junction between the diaphysis (the shaft or
central part of the bone) and the epiphysis (the end part of the bone) in long
bones. This line is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) and indicates
that the bone has completed its growth in length.
Which suture is present between the left and right parietal lobes?
The suture present between the left and right parietal lobes is the sagittal suture.
This suture runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones.
Which two bones form the pectoral girdle?
, The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is formed by two bones:
the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). These bones work
together to connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton and provide a wide range
of motion for the shoulder and arm.
What are the periodic invaginations in sarcolemma called?
The periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma are called T-tubules (transverse
tubules). These structures play a crucial role in conducting electrical impulses
from the surface of the muscle fiber to its interior, ensuring that the muscle
contracts efficiently and uniformly.
Which medially placed group of muscles is part of the erector spinae?
The spinalis muscles are the most medially placed group within the erector spinae
muscle group. These muscles are located closest to the spine and are responsible
for extending and laterally flexing the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine.
Which thigh muscle is situated below the adductor longus?
The muscle situated below the adductor longus is the adductor magnus. This
muscle is a large, triangular muscle located in the medial compartment of the
thigh and plays a significant role in adducting and medially rotating the thigh
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, and portions
of the small and large intestines?
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule outside the cell?
Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific
molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces a chemical reaction within the
cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal?
If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it means it is located towards the
tail or lower part of the body. In humans, this typically refers to a position closer
to the feet or the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are situated lower on
the body compared to the arms.
,What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system?
In a negative feedback system, the effector plays a crucial role in maintaining
homeostasis by carrying out the response to a stimulus. Here's how it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable (e.g.,
temperature, blood sugar levels).
Signal Processing: The control center (often the brain or endocrine glands)
processes this information and determines the appropriate response.
Action: The effector enacts the response to counteract the initial change and bring
the variable back to its set point.
For example, if your body temperature drops, the effector (such as muscles
shivering) generates heat to raise your body temperature back to normal.
What is the correct order of the epidermis layer arranged from deep to superficial?
1. Stratum basale (or stratum germinativum)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles)
5. Stratum corneum
Which skin layer contains Langerhans cells?
,Langerhans cells are primarily found in the stratum spinosum layer of the
epidermis. These cells play a key role in the skin's immune defense by acting as
antigen-presenting cells, which help detect and fight pathogens.
Which degree of burn affects the underlying bones and muscles?
Fourth-degree burns are the most severe and affect not only all layers of the skin
but also the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. These burns often appear
charred or white and are typically painless because the nerve endings are
destroyed.
Which part of the long bone has an epiphyseal line?
The epiphyseal line is located at the junction between the diaphysis (the shaft or
central part of the bone) and the epiphysis (the end part of the bone) in long
bones. This line is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) and indicates
that the bone has completed its growth in length.
Which suture is present between the left and right parietal lobes?
The suture present between the left and right parietal lobes is the sagittal suture.
This suture runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones.
Which two bones form the pectoral girdle?
, The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is formed by two bones:
the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). These bones work
together to connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton and provide a wide range
of motion for the shoulder and arm.
What are the periodic invaginations in sarcolemma called?
The periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma are called T-tubules (transverse
tubules). These structures play a crucial role in conducting electrical impulses
from the surface of the muscle fiber to its interior, ensuring that the muscle
contracts efficiently and uniformly.
Which medially placed group of muscles is part of the erector spinae?
The spinalis muscles are the most medially placed group within the erector spinae
muscle group. These muscles are located closest to the spine and are responsible
for extending and laterally flexing the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine.
Which thigh muscle is situated below the adductor longus?
The muscle situated below the adductor longus is the adductor magnus. This
muscle is a large, triangular muscle located in the medial compartment of the
thigh and plays a significant role in adducting and medially rotating the thigh
