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PSYCHIATRIC & PHARMACOLOGY SUMMARY
Questions and Answers
General Concepts
Q: What is refusal to follow prescribed treatment called?
A: Noncompliance
Q: What causes mood disturbances due to altered brain chemicals?
A: Neurotransmitter imbalance
Q: What study focuses on how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted?
A: Pharmacokinetics
Q: What determines the amount of drug available after metabolism?
A: Bioavailability
Q: What enzyme system affects drug metabolism?
A: Cytochrome P450 system
Q: Why do some Asians require lower drug doses?
A: Differences in drug metabolism (polymorphic metabolism)
Neurotransmitters & Receptors
Q: Which neurotransmitter regulates mood?
A: Serotonin
Q: Which neurotransmitter is targeted by antipsychotics?
A: Dopamine
Q: Which receptors are targeted by antipsychotics?
A: D2 receptors
, Q: What receptors mediate rapid synaptic transmission?
A: Ionotropic receptors
Q: What receptors are activated by neurotransmitter binding?
A: Ligand-gated ion channels
Q: What receptors respond to acetylcholine?
A: Cholinergic receptors
Q: What subtype of cholinergic receptors is involved in smoking addiction?
A: Nicotinic receptors
Schizophrenia & Psychosis
Q: What theory explains schizophrenia via dopamine pathways?
A: Dopamine hypothesis
Q: What pathway is associated with positive schizophrenia symptoms?
A: Mesolimbic pathway
Q: What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
A: Hallucinations, delusions, agitation
Q: What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
A: Apathy, social withdrawal, lack of emotion
Q: What symptoms involve thinking and memory problems?
A: Cognitive symptoms
Q: What condition includes delusions of persecution?
A: Paranoid psychosis
Antipsychotic Medications
Q: What medications treat psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors?
A: Antipsychotics
Q: What antipsychotic is used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
A: Clozapine
Q: What side effect occurs with long-term antipsychotic use?
A: Tardive dyskinesia