Rights are contract-based theories and are the consequences of our actions.Historically, humans have set the guidelines defined by the communities and groups that they belonged to. These guidelines later became rights or the values that keep society fair, just and equal. They protect all of us. Although the definition of rights is debatable, it can be formally defined as anything legal, social, ethically privileged, or entitled to do as a citizen, individual, or human being.John Locke (Pronunc...

When it comes to ethical theories, we view our decision to be good, or just, based on two factors, namely, a. Action, and b. Result When ethics is implied in decisions that determine actions, the ethical approach follows the non-consequentialist theory. This ethical approach focuses on the decision-making process rather than the consequence of the decision or the outcome. Here, the decision-making is taken as a form of obligation or duty. And, the followers of this approach are known as non-...

These are the revision notes which I created to sit the Practical Ethics paper for my PPE Finals in 2021. The topics covered are: Abortion, Non-Human Animals, the Demands of Affluence, Collective Action, and Punishment. I achieved a First overall, and 73 on this paper.