AC-HPAT Biology EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Macromolecules - ANSWER ✔ A very large organic molecule composed of
many smaller molecules
2. passive transport - ANSWER ✔ the movement of substances across a cell
membrane without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion)
3. active transport - ANSWER ✔ Energy-requiring process that moves material
across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
4. catalyst - ANSWER ✔ substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical
reaction
5. fluid mosaic model - ANSWER ✔ model that describes the arrangement and
movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
6. Effect of qualitative factors on rate of diffusion of molecules across a plasma
membrane? - ANSWER ✔ The higher the temperature, the more kinetic
energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly.
,7. Structure and function of carbohydrate - ANSWER ✔ sugars and starches
that the body uses for energy. Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Typically in a 1:2:1 ratio
8. DNA - ANSWER ✔ A complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
9. What is DNA made of - ANSWER ✔ nucleotides [ consisting of phosphate
group, deoxyribose sugar ( carbohydrate), and a base ( guanine, cytosine,
adenine, thymine) ]
10.Genes - ANSWER ✔ DNA segments that serve as the key functional units
in hereditary transmission.
11.Chromosomes - ANSWER ✔ threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
12.Genotype - ANSWER ✔ genetic makeup of an organism
13.Phenotype - ANSWER ✔ An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits.
14.Gene Dominance-Recessive Principle - ANSWER ✔ the idea that dominant
genes override the expression of recessive genes
15.dominant gene - ANSWER ✔ member of a gene pair that controls the
appearance of a certain trait
,16.sex linkage - ANSWER ✔ occurs when certain traits are determined by
genes on sex chromosomes
17.What is a sex-linked trait? - ANSWER ✔ A trait associated with a gene that
is carried only by the male or female parent.
18.Common genetic disorders - ANSWER ✔ sickle-cell anemia, Tay-sachs
disease, cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, and hemophilia.
19.artificial insemination - ANSWER ✔ Injecting semen into the uterus by
artificial means
20.reproductive cloning - ANSWER ✔ Using a somatic cell from a
multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical
individuals.
21.invitro fertilization - ANSWER ✔ Fertilization occurs in a petri dish in a lab,
and then the fertilized eggs are implanted into the female.
22.Systolic contraction - ANSWER ✔ Systole is when the heart muscle
contracts. When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood out of the heart and
into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood pressure
increase
23.Diastolic contraction - ANSWER ✔ Diastole is when the heart muscle
relaxes.
24.When the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a
person's blood pressure decreases.
, 25.Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER ✔ The pancreas is the organ that
produces insulin, and it plays a major role in regulating blood glucose levels.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough or any
insulin.
26.How does insulin work in diabetes? - ANSWER ✔ Insulin pumps are small,
computerized devices that mimic the way the human pancreas works by
delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously (basal rate). The
device also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a meal is
eaten (bolus)
27.chemotherapy - ANSWER ✔ Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses
powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is
most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much
more quickly than most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and
divide quickly, as cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target
specific areas, chemo can work throughout your body. But it can also affect
some fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and
bone marrow.
28.How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how effective
is it? - ANSWER ✔ Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your
bone marrow with new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new
stem cells from your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is
effective against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune
cells of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia or
bone-marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
29.Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in
removing cancerous tumours? - ANSWER ✔ Lasers are more precise than
standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less damage to normal tissues.
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Macromolecules - ANSWER ✔ A very large organic molecule composed of
many smaller molecules
2. passive transport - ANSWER ✔ the movement of substances across a cell
membrane without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion)
3. active transport - ANSWER ✔ Energy-requiring process that moves material
across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
4. catalyst - ANSWER ✔ substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical
reaction
5. fluid mosaic model - ANSWER ✔ model that describes the arrangement and
movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
6. Effect of qualitative factors on rate of diffusion of molecules across a plasma
membrane? - ANSWER ✔ The higher the temperature, the more kinetic
energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly.
,7. Structure and function of carbohydrate - ANSWER ✔ sugars and starches
that the body uses for energy. Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Typically in a 1:2:1 ratio
8. DNA - ANSWER ✔ A complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
9. What is DNA made of - ANSWER ✔ nucleotides [ consisting of phosphate
group, deoxyribose sugar ( carbohydrate), and a base ( guanine, cytosine,
adenine, thymine) ]
10.Genes - ANSWER ✔ DNA segments that serve as the key functional units
in hereditary transmission.
11.Chromosomes - ANSWER ✔ threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
12.Genotype - ANSWER ✔ genetic makeup of an organism
13.Phenotype - ANSWER ✔ An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits.
14.Gene Dominance-Recessive Principle - ANSWER ✔ the idea that dominant
genes override the expression of recessive genes
15.dominant gene - ANSWER ✔ member of a gene pair that controls the
appearance of a certain trait
,16.sex linkage - ANSWER ✔ occurs when certain traits are determined by
genes on sex chromosomes
17.What is a sex-linked trait? - ANSWER ✔ A trait associated with a gene that
is carried only by the male or female parent.
18.Common genetic disorders - ANSWER ✔ sickle-cell anemia, Tay-sachs
disease, cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, and hemophilia.
19.artificial insemination - ANSWER ✔ Injecting semen into the uterus by
artificial means
20.reproductive cloning - ANSWER ✔ Using a somatic cell from a
multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical
individuals.
21.invitro fertilization - ANSWER ✔ Fertilization occurs in a petri dish in a lab,
and then the fertilized eggs are implanted into the female.
22.Systolic contraction - ANSWER ✔ Systole is when the heart muscle
contracts. When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood out of the heart and
into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood pressure
increase
23.Diastolic contraction - ANSWER ✔ Diastole is when the heart muscle
relaxes.
24.When the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a
person's blood pressure decreases.
, 25.Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER ✔ The pancreas is the organ that
produces insulin, and it plays a major role in regulating blood glucose levels.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough or any
insulin.
26.How does insulin work in diabetes? - ANSWER ✔ Insulin pumps are small,
computerized devices that mimic the way the human pancreas works by
delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously (basal rate). The
device also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a meal is
eaten (bolus)
27.chemotherapy - ANSWER ✔ Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses
powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is
most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much
more quickly than most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and
divide quickly, as cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target
specific areas, chemo can work throughout your body. But it can also affect
some fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and
bone marrow.
28.How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how effective
is it? - ANSWER ✔ Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your
bone marrow with new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new
stem cells from your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is
effective against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune
cells of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia or
bone-marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
29.Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in
removing cancerous tumours? - ANSWER ✔ Lasers are more precise than
standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less damage to normal tissues.
