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Thorax Anatomy Review | 120 Questions with Answers | MED101 | Pleura, Heart, Lungs, Mediastinum

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This expert-verified document provides 120 clinically relevant multiple-choice questions with detailed answers, designed to help students master the anatomy of the thorax through applied learning. It is aligned with the MED101 course and supports both foundational knowledge and exam-level preparation in human anatomy. Topics covered in the material include: Pleural anatomy, including the costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal recesses, and clinical implications in conditions like pleural effusion Interpretation of chest radiographs in diagnosing thoracic pathologies such as pneumothorax, atelectasis, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism Internal structure of the heart, covering valves, chambers, pericardial sinuses, coronary circulation, and fetal remnants like the ductus arteriosus Lung anatomy with distinctions between right and left lungs, bronchial tree branching, and the relevance to bronchoscopy Organization of the mediastinum, with focus on surgical anatomy, trauma zones, and thoracic lymphatic drainage Common clinical conditions including asthma, COPD, bronchitis, hemothorax, hydrothorax, and myocardial infarction Key anatomical landmarks for procedures such as chest tube insertion and auscultation points for heart sounds This resource is particularly valuable for students in: Medical school (MBBS, MD, DO) Physician Assistant (PA) programs Nursing education (BSN, RN) Undergraduate pre-med or Anatomy & Physiology courses Allied health and paramedical sciences The document is structured to enhance active recall, support exam readiness for OSCEs and clinical rotations, and reinforce connections between anatomical knowledge and patient care. It is a powerful companion for both self-study and group review. Keywords: thorax anatomy, pleura, lungs, mediastinum, heart, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, chest x-ray, bronchi, coronary circulation, pericardial sinuses, fetal circulation, thoracic duct, azygos vein, pneumonia, auscultation landmarks, rib anatomy, costal cartilage, respiratory reflexes, thoracentesis

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Uploaded on
December 18, 2025
Number of pages
24
Written in
2025/2026
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Anatomy Review of Thorax 2025 Expert
Verified | Ace the Test



Coal Apslung is admitted to the ICU for the fifth time this year for what you

suspect to be another case of pleural effusion of the left lung. You order an

PA CXR to just to confirm your suspicion. What location might interest you

the MOST when looking at the film? Why?

a.) Costomediastinal recesses

b.) Costodiaphragmatic recceses

c.) Costomediastinal anteriorly


d.) Cupular region - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔B.) Costodiaphragmatic recess

,Normal chest x-rays would display a sharp costodiaphragmatic recess, but

a person suffering from pneumothorax or pleural effusion would have a

blunted end at the costodiaphragmatic recess.

You are worried something else might be going on with Coal Apslung, so

you also ordered a lateral CXR at the same time as the PA. Your professor

always talks about how useful PA CXRs are, so why in the world would you

do a lateral CXR? Are you trying to rob this guy's insurance company? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Incase the patient has pneumonia, you can determine which

lobes are affected. PA chest x-rays only show the left upper lobe, right

upper lobe, and right middle lobe. They do not show the left and right lower

lobes. Pneumonia is a common cause of pleural effusions.

The CXRs are finished, and, as you originally suspected, it appears that

Coal Apslung has another pleural effusion. What might be the BEST

treatment for Coal Apslung that would also decrease the likelihood of this

happening again in the future?

a.) Thoracentesis

b.) Pleuroperitoneal shunt

c.) Pleurodesis

, d.) B and C


e.) All of the above - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔D.) B and C


Thoracentesis is the most common technique used to drain excess fluid

from the pleura space, but the pleuroperitoneal shunt and pleurodosis

would be better treatment procedures for someone who has recurrent

pneumothorax or pleural effusions. Pleurodosis is the insertion of talc into

the pleura to keep tension between the visceral and parietal pleura.

Pleuroperitoneal shunt is a shunt from the pleura to the peritoneal space

(as the name implies) that is used to drain fluid buildup from the pleura into

the peritoneal space.

For the most part, our body is pretty symmetrical... but the lungs are

significantly different on the left and right side. What's the general

anatomical difference? Explain why to yourself.

a.) The right lung has 1 extra lobe, it is more narrow, and it is shorter.

b.) The left lung has 1 extra lobe, it is more narrow, and it is longer.

c.) The right lung has 1 less lobe, it is more wide, and it is shorter.

d.) The left lung has 1 less lobe, it is more narrow, and it is longer. - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔d.) The left lung has 1 less lobe, it is more narrow, and it is


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