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EXAM 3 NURS 5315 UTA 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
Primary TB - correct answer -* macorphages ingulf the
myobacterium and form a granuloma of tubercle, this triggers the
inflammation cascade and causes the center of the lesion to
necrose and calcify
* usually these ppl are asymptomatic and does not cause active
infection
Secondary TB - correct answer -* the tubercle is active and spead
other place in the lungs
* ppl experience symptoms= fever, hemoptysis, pleural effusion,
wasting, and weight loss
* lesions occur in the apices
* infection can spread and myobacterium can spread to other
parts of the body such via the blood and lymphatic system
Pulmonary Embolus - correct answer -* partial or complete
occlusion of the blood flow to the pulmonary artery
* most commonly from a proximal DVT in the lower extremities
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* may be cause from fragments, foreign body, an air bubble, fat
embolus from a fracture, and amniotic fluid
* risk factor= any risk factor for DVT or hypercoagulable state
* when embolus lodges it triggers serotonin, histamine,
catcholomines, angiotensin II inflammation mediators, and toxic
oxygen free radicals
* can cause increased pulmonary arterial pressure that leads to
right ventricular dilation, and increased afterflow
* the decreased blood flow causes a V/Q mismatch and
decreases surfactant production
* the decreased surfactant production causes atelectasis and
hypoxemia and can also cause lung infarction, decrease cardiac
output, shock and death.
* Saddle Embolus= sits on the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery
and can block all blood flow to the lungs
CM= vague but are syncope, cough, dyspnea, tachycardia, or
unexplained anxiety, hemoptysis may also be present.
* diagnosis can be hard because symptoms are vague so pay
attention to risk factors in individuals that display these symptoms
Lung Cancer - correct answer -* usually malignant
* most lesions have metastisized from another cancer
* primary lung tumore are not as common
* 2 main types= non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and
neuroendocrine tumors
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* Complications of lung cancer= superior vena cava syndrome,
hoarseness, pleural effusion, malnutrition, and weight loss
Lung Cancer- NSCLC - correct answer -* has three subtypes=
squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell
undifferentiated
* squamous cell carcinoma
- associated with smoking and COPD
- located in the hila and bronchi
- will have nonproductive cough or hemoptysis
-pneumonia and atelectsis are common
* adenocarcinoma
- more common in women, asians, and nonsmokers
- arise in the periphery fo the lung parenchyma
-tend to be asymptomatic
- found on chest X-ray
* Large cell carcinoma
- arise centrally and can distort trachea
Lung Cancer- Neuroendocrine tumors - correct answer -* arise
from the bronchial mucosa
* most common is small cell carcinoma
EXAM 3 NURS 5315 UTA 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
Primary TB - correct answer -* macorphages ingulf the
myobacterium and form a granuloma of tubercle, this triggers the
inflammation cascade and causes the center of the lesion to
necrose and calcify
* usually these ppl are asymptomatic and does not cause active
infection
Secondary TB - correct answer -* the tubercle is active and spead
other place in the lungs
* ppl experience symptoms= fever, hemoptysis, pleural effusion,
wasting, and weight loss
* lesions occur in the apices
* infection can spread and myobacterium can spread to other
parts of the body such via the blood and lymphatic system
Pulmonary Embolus - correct answer -* partial or complete
occlusion of the blood flow to the pulmonary artery
* most commonly from a proximal DVT in the lower extremities
, Page | 2
* may be cause from fragments, foreign body, an air bubble, fat
embolus from a fracture, and amniotic fluid
* risk factor= any risk factor for DVT or hypercoagulable state
* when embolus lodges it triggers serotonin, histamine,
catcholomines, angiotensin II inflammation mediators, and toxic
oxygen free radicals
* can cause increased pulmonary arterial pressure that leads to
right ventricular dilation, and increased afterflow
* the decreased blood flow causes a V/Q mismatch and
decreases surfactant production
* the decreased surfactant production causes atelectasis and
hypoxemia and can also cause lung infarction, decrease cardiac
output, shock and death.
* Saddle Embolus= sits on the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery
and can block all blood flow to the lungs
CM= vague but are syncope, cough, dyspnea, tachycardia, or
unexplained anxiety, hemoptysis may also be present.
* diagnosis can be hard because symptoms are vague so pay
attention to risk factors in individuals that display these symptoms
Lung Cancer - correct answer -* usually malignant
* most lesions have metastisized from another cancer
* primary lung tumore are not as common
* 2 main types= non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and
neuroendocrine tumors
, Page | 3
* Complications of lung cancer= superior vena cava syndrome,
hoarseness, pleural effusion, malnutrition, and weight loss
Lung Cancer- NSCLC - correct answer -* has three subtypes=
squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell
undifferentiated
* squamous cell carcinoma
- associated with smoking and COPD
- located in the hila and bronchi
- will have nonproductive cough or hemoptysis
-pneumonia and atelectsis are common
* adenocarcinoma
- more common in women, asians, and nonsmokers
- arise in the periphery fo the lung parenchyma
-tend to be asymptomatic
- found on chest X-ray
* Large cell carcinoma
- arise centrally and can distort trachea
Lung Cancer- Neuroendocrine tumors - correct answer -* arise
from the bronchial mucosa
* most common is small cell carcinoma
