Introductory Sociology 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT DEFINITIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. Class conflict - Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and
workers
2. bourgeoisie - Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of
production
3. proletariat - Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own
the means of production
4. Karl Marx (1818-1883 - believed that the roots of human misery lay in class conflict,
the exploitation of workers by those who own the means of production. Social
change, in the form of the workers overthrowing the capitalists was inevitable from
Marx's perspective. Although Marx did not consider himself a sociologist, his ideas
have influenced many sociologists, particularly conflict theorists.
5. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), - sometimes called the second founder of sociology,
coined the term "survival of the fittest." Spencer thought that helping the poor was
wrong, that this merely helped the "less fit" survive.
6. Auguste Comte (1798-1857 - who is credited as the founder of sociology, began to
analyze the bases of the social order. Although he stressed that the scientific method
should be applied to the study of society, he did not apply it himself.
,7. The French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - contributed many important
concepts to sociology. His comparison of the suicide rates of several countries
revealed an underlying social factor: People are more likely to commit suicide if their
ties to others in their communities are weak. Durkheim's identification of the key role
of social integration in social life remains central to sociology today.
8. Social integration - the degree to which people are tied to their social
groups
9. Max Weber (1864-1920 - an early sociologist who left a profound impression on
sociology. He used cross-cultural and historical materials to trace the causes of social
change and to determine how social groups affect people's orientations to
life.
10. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) spent his lifetime studying relations
between African Americans and whites. Like many early North American sociologists,
Du Bois combined the role of academic sociologist with that of social reformer. -
spent his lifetime studying relations between African Americans and whites. Like
many early North American sociologists, Du Bois combined the role of academic
sociologist with that of social reformer. Embraced revolutionary marxism
11. Jane Addams (1860-1935) - Sociologist and reformer-she was recipient of the Nobel
Prize for Peace, worked on behalf of poor immigrants. With Ellen G. Starr, she
founded Hull-House, a center to help immigrants in Chicago. She was also a leader in
women's rights (women's suffrage), as well as the peace movement of World War
I.
12. C. Wright Mills - he warned that the nation faced an imminent threat to freedom—
the coalescing of interests of a power elite, the top leaders of business, politics, and
the military.
13. Applied sociology - Using sociology to solve problems
, 14. Public Sociology - applying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the
sociological perspective (how things are related to one another) to guide politicians
and policy makers
15. Theory - general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how
they work. It is an explanation of how two or more "facts" are related to one
another.
16. Symbolic interactionism - theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as
composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of
the world, and communicate with one another
17. Functional analysis - theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed
of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's
equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism
18. Robert K. Merton (1910-2003 - was a major proponent of functionalism, one of the
main theoretical perspectives in sociology.
19. Karl Marx - founder of conflict theory a theoretical framework in which society is
viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
20. macro-level analysis - an examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how
Wall Street and the political establishment are interrelated
21. micro-level analysis - an examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how
the members of a group interact
22. social interaction - one person's actions influencing someone else; usually refers to
what people do when they are in one another's presence, but also includes
communications at a distance
VERIFIED CORRECT DEFINITIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. Class conflict - Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and
workers
2. bourgeoisie - Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of
production
3. proletariat - Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own
the means of production
4. Karl Marx (1818-1883 - believed that the roots of human misery lay in class conflict,
the exploitation of workers by those who own the means of production. Social
change, in the form of the workers overthrowing the capitalists was inevitable from
Marx's perspective. Although Marx did not consider himself a sociologist, his ideas
have influenced many sociologists, particularly conflict theorists.
5. Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), - sometimes called the second founder of sociology,
coined the term "survival of the fittest." Spencer thought that helping the poor was
wrong, that this merely helped the "less fit" survive.
6. Auguste Comte (1798-1857 - who is credited as the founder of sociology, began to
analyze the bases of the social order. Although he stressed that the scientific method
should be applied to the study of society, he did not apply it himself.
,7. The French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - contributed many important
concepts to sociology. His comparison of the suicide rates of several countries
revealed an underlying social factor: People are more likely to commit suicide if their
ties to others in their communities are weak. Durkheim's identification of the key role
of social integration in social life remains central to sociology today.
8. Social integration - the degree to which people are tied to their social
groups
9. Max Weber (1864-1920 - an early sociologist who left a profound impression on
sociology. He used cross-cultural and historical materials to trace the causes of social
change and to determine how social groups affect people's orientations to
life.
10. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) spent his lifetime studying relations
between African Americans and whites. Like many early North American sociologists,
Du Bois combined the role of academic sociologist with that of social reformer. -
spent his lifetime studying relations between African Americans and whites. Like
many early North American sociologists, Du Bois combined the role of academic
sociologist with that of social reformer. Embraced revolutionary marxism
11. Jane Addams (1860-1935) - Sociologist and reformer-she was recipient of the Nobel
Prize for Peace, worked on behalf of poor immigrants. With Ellen G. Starr, she
founded Hull-House, a center to help immigrants in Chicago. She was also a leader in
women's rights (women's suffrage), as well as the peace movement of World War
I.
12. C. Wright Mills - he warned that the nation faced an imminent threat to freedom—
the coalescing of interests of a power elite, the top leaders of business, politics, and
the military.
13. Applied sociology - Using sociology to solve problems
, 14. Public Sociology - applying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the
sociological perspective (how things are related to one another) to guide politicians
and policy makers
15. Theory - general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how
they work. It is an explanation of how two or more "facts" are related to one
another.
16. Symbolic interactionism - theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as
composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of
the world, and communicate with one another
17. Functional analysis - theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed
of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's
equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism
18. Robert K. Merton (1910-2003 - was a major proponent of functionalism, one of the
main theoretical perspectives in sociology.
19. Karl Marx - founder of conflict theory a theoretical framework in which society is
viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
20. macro-level analysis - an examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how
Wall Street and the political establishment are interrelated
21. micro-level analysis - an examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how
the members of a group interact
22. social interaction - one person's actions influencing someone else; usually refers to
what people do when they are in one another's presence, but also includes
communications at a distance
