Principles of management exam 4 questions and answers pass at 100% guaranteed pass.

Psychological traits And behavioral attributes - correct answers what gives a person his or her identity (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience) Big Five personality Dimensions - correct answers Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience Internal locus of control - correct answers You believe you control your own destiny Emotional stability - correct answers Extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure Self-esteem - correct answers The extent to which people like or dislike themselves, their overall self-evaluation Emotional Intelligence - correct answers Ability to monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions. First introduced in 1909 Values - correct answers Abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. Lifelong behavior patterns are dictated by values Perception - correct answers Process of interpreting and understanding one's environment Process of perception - correct answers Is complex, but it can be boiled down to 4 steps 1. Selective attention 2. Interpretation&devaluation 3. Storing in memory 5. Retrieving from memory Stereotyping - correct answersoccurs when attributes commonly associated with a group are assigned to an individual The halo effect - correct answersoccurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation The recency effect - correct answerstendency to remember recent information better than earlier information Workplace stress - correct answerstension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them successfully. (low salaries, lack of opportunities, lack of recognition, and dissatisfaction with work-life balance) Components of attitude - correct answerspredisposition to act in a certain way Self-serving bias - correct answersexplains personal success by internal causes and person failures by external factors Motivation - correct answersaccounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work. Maslow's levels of needs - correct answersphysiological, safety, love, esteem , self-actualization The self-determination theory - correct answersassumes that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment with their behavior and well-being influenced by 3 innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness Process perspectives - correct answersare concerned with the thought process by which people decide how to act -how employees choose behavior to meet their needs Goal-setting theory - correct answerssuggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable Expectancy theory - correct answerssuggests that people are motivated by 2 things: 1. how much they want something 2. how likely they think they are to get it Job design - correct answersthe division of an organization's work among employees and the application of motivational theories to increase satisfaction and performance Job enrichment - correct answersconsists of building into a job such motivating factors as responsibility, achievement, recognition, stimulating work, and advancement Job enlargement - correct answersconsists of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation Job simplification - correct answersthe process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs- it enables the worker to focus on doing more of the same task, thus increasing efficiency Equity theory - correct answersfocuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared to others Maslow's theory of needs - correct answersare never completely satisfied Herzberg two factor theory - correct answersproposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors 1. motivating factors and 2. hygiene factors Virtual teams - correct answersmembers interact by computer network to collaborate on projects Benefits of teamwork - correct answers Group - correct answers Team - correct answers Informal group - correct answersformed by people whose overriding purpose is getting together for friendship or common interests Production team - correct answers Project team - correct answers Action team - correct answerswork to accomplish tasks that require people with specialized training and high degree of coordination (surgery or baseball teams) Cross-functional team - correct answersstaffed with specialists pursuing a common objective ex: architect teams, task forces, engineering teams Self-managed team - correct answersworkers are trained to do all or most of the jobs in a work unit, have no direct supervisor, and do their own day to day supervision Continuous improvement teams - correct answersvolunteers of workers and supervisors who meet intermittently to discuss workplace and quality related problems Five stages of team development - correct answers Trust - correct answersreciprocal faith Three dimensions of situational control - correct answers Leadership - correct answersability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals Management vs. leadership - correct answersmanagers do planning, organizing, directing and control. leaders inspire, encourage, and rally others to achieve great goals How leaders cope with change - correct answersby ng a direction-determining what needs to be done, 2. aligning people- putting people in place, 3. motivating and inspiring- ensuring people do their jobs Five sources of power - correct answers1. legitimate power 2. reward ive power 4. expert power 5. referent power Five types of power - correct answers Nine tactics for trying to influence others - correct answers1. rational persuasion 2. inspirational appeals 3. consultation 4. ingratiating tactics 5. personal appeals 6. exchange tactics 7. coalition tactics 8. pressure tactics 9. legitimating tactics Trait - correct answersdistinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders Behavioral leadership - correct answersapproaches which attempt to determine the unique behaviors displayed by effective leaders, can be divided into 4 categories: task oriented, relationship oriented, passive, and transformational Social leadership - correct answers Task leadership - correct answersensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization (planning, clarifying, monitoring, and problem solving) Fiedler's contingency model - correct answersdetermi