HCC MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Who is credited with first observing microorganisms with a
simple microscope?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Antony van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of heating wine to kill spoilage microbes without
damaging the beverage is called:
A) Sterilization
B) Pasteurization
C) Disinfection
D) Autoclaving
3. The theory that microorganisms can arise from non-living matter
is known as:
A) Germ Theory of Disease
B) Cellular Theory
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Biogenesis
4. Which scientist's experiments with swan-neck flasks finally
disproved spontaneous generation?
A) Robert Koch
,B) Louis Pasteur
C) John Tyndall
D) Ferdinand Cohn
5. Robert Koch is best known for:
A) Developing the first vaccine
B) Discovering penicillin
C) His postulates linking a specific microbe to a specific disease
D) Inventing the microscope
6. What is the primary purpose of a Gram stain?
A) To determine the motility of a bacterium
B) To differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure
C) To identify acid-fast bacteria
D) To visualize bacterial capsules
7. Gram-positive bacteria stain which color?
A) Red/Pink
B) Purple/Violet
C) Green
D) Colorless
8. The total magnification achieved when using a 100X oil
immersion objective with a 10X ocular lens is:
A) 100X
B) 1000X
C) 10000X
D) 100000X
9. Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells primarily by
lacking:
A) A cell membrane
,B) Ribosomes
C) Genetic material
D) A membrane-bound nucleus
10. The three-domain system of classification includes:
A) Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
B) Prokaryota, Eukaryota, Protista
C) Animalia, Plantae, Microbes
D) Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa
11. A pure culture contains:
A) Only one species of microorganism
B) Multiple species of the same genus
C) Both bacteria and viruses
D) Dead microorganisms
12. The solidifying agent used most commonly in microbiological
culture media is:
A) Gelatin
B) Agar
C) Silica
D) Carrageenan
13. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the modern
taxonomic system?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Protista
14. The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions in a cell
is:
, A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Glycolysis
15. Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic ranks
from most general to most specific?
A) Genus, Species, Family, Order
B) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
C) Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, Phylum
D) Domain, Kingdom, Order, Class, Family
16. A microscope that uses ultraviolet light to excite dyes and
produce a glowing image is a:
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Fluorescence microscope
D) Electron microscope
17. The purpose of the streak plate method is to:
A) Determine bacterial motility
B) Observe cell morphology
C) Isolate pure colonies
D) Increase bacterial growth
18. Which type of media suppresses the growth of unwanted
microbes and encourages the growth of desired ones?
A) Selective media
B) Differential media
C) Enrichment media
D) Complex media
REVIEW STUDY GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Who is credited with first observing microorganisms with a
simple microscope?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Antony van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of heating wine to kill spoilage microbes without
damaging the beverage is called:
A) Sterilization
B) Pasteurization
C) Disinfection
D) Autoclaving
3. The theory that microorganisms can arise from non-living matter
is known as:
A) Germ Theory of Disease
B) Cellular Theory
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Biogenesis
4. Which scientist's experiments with swan-neck flasks finally
disproved spontaneous generation?
A) Robert Koch
,B) Louis Pasteur
C) John Tyndall
D) Ferdinand Cohn
5. Robert Koch is best known for:
A) Developing the first vaccine
B) Discovering penicillin
C) His postulates linking a specific microbe to a specific disease
D) Inventing the microscope
6. What is the primary purpose of a Gram stain?
A) To determine the motility of a bacterium
B) To differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure
C) To identify acid-fast bacteria
D) To visualize bacterial capsules
7. Gram-positive bacteria stain which color?
A) Red/Pink
B) Purple/Violet
C) Green
D) Colorless
8. The total magnification achieved when using a 100X oil
immersion objective with a 10X ocular lens is:
A) 100X
B) 1000X
C) 10000X
D) 100000X
9. Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells primarily by
lacking:
A) A cell membrane
,B) Ribosomes
C) Genetic material
D) A membrane-bound nucleus
10. The three-domain system of classification includes:
A) Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
B) Prokaryota, Eukaryota, Protista
C) Animalia, Plantae, Microbes
D) Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa
11. A pure culture contains:
A) Only one species of microorganism
B) Multiple species of the same genus
C) Both bacteria and viruses
D) Dead microorganisms
12. The solidifying agent used most commonly in microbiological
culture media is:
A) Gelatin
B) Agar
C) Silica
D) Carrageenan
13. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the modern
taxonomic system?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukarya
D) Protista
14. The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions in a cell
is:
, A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Glycolysis
15. Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic ranks
from most general to most specific?
A) Genus, Species, Family, Order
B) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
C) Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, Phylum
D) Domain, Kingdom, Order, Class, Family
16. A microscope that uses ultraviolet light to excite dyes and
produce a glowing image is a:
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Fluorescence microscope
D) Electron microscope
17. The purpose of the streak plate method is to:
A) Determine bacterial motility
B) Observe cell morphology
C) Isolate pure colonies
D) Increase bacterial growth
18. Which type of media suppresses the growth of unwanted
microbes and encourages the growth of desired ones?
A) Selective media
B) Differential media
C) Enrichment media
D) Complex media
