1|Page
ECCO FINAL NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
How do we measure CPP - ANSWER-CPP = MAP - ICP
60 is the goal
Normal ICP - ANSWER-0-15
In a patient with a C4 (cervical) spine injury what is our main
priority? - ANSWER-Respiratory status
First sign of increased ICP - ANSWER-Decreased level of
consciousness
Cushing's triad - ANSWER-Signs of increased intracranial
pressure:
1. hypertension (widening pulse pressure)
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
,2|Page
What is the drug of choice for increased ICP? - ANSWER-
Mannitol
Is it normal for patient's toes to curl in or fan out to a babinski
test? - ANSWER-It is NORMAL for the toes to curl in, if they fan
out - not good
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - ANSWER-MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on
the EKG? - ANSWER-ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - ANSWER-MI,
cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to
chest/chest injury, pericarditis
,3|Page
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? -
ANSWER-Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - ANSWER-we hear heart
murmurs because of the thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis
or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER-systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the
narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER-diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the
diseased valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - ANSWER-2nd
intercostal space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
, 4|Page
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) -
ANSWER-The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? -
ANSWER-8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? -
ANSWER-Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - ANSWER-1.
decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - ANSWER-
Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent
tachy-brady syndromes,
ECCO FINAL NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
How do we measure CPP - ANSWER-CPP = MAP - ICP
60 is the goal
Normal ICP - ANSWER-0-15
In a patient with a C4 (cervical) spine injury what is our main
priority? - ANSWER-Respiratory status
First sign of increased ICP - ANSWER-Decreased level of
consciousness
Cushing's triad - ANSWER-Signs of increased intracranial
pressure:
1. hypertension (widening pulse pressure)
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
,2|Page
What is the drug of choice for increased ICP? - ANSWER-
Mannitol
Is it normal for patient's toes to curl in or fan out to a babinski
test? - ANSWER-It is NORMAL for the toes to curl in, if they fan
out - not good
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - ANSWER-MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on
the EKG? - ANSWER-ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - ANSWER-MI,
cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to
chest/chest injury, pericarditis
,3|Page
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? -
ANSWER-Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - ANSWER-we hear heart
murmurs because of the thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis
or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER-systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the
narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER-diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the
diseased valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - ANSWER-2nd
intercostal space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
, 4|Page
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) -
ANSWER-The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? -
ANSWER-8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? -
ANSWER-Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - ANSWER-1.
decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - ANSWER-
Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent
tachy-brady syndromes,
