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NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST (2025 /
2026) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)/NEWEST GRADED A+
What ABG value is consistent with a patient in respiratory distress
breathing 33 breaths per minute? - ANSWERS--PCO2 15, indicating
hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.
What is the likely cause of disorientation and lethargy in a patient
with a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? - ANSWERS--Water has shifted
into the neurons, causing them to swell.
Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in a patient
experiencing dehydration? - ANSWERS--Hyperkalemia, due to
increased serum osmolality pulling potassium into the intravascular
space.
What is the chance that a baby will inherit an autosomal recessive
disease if one parent has the disease and the other is heterozygous?
- ANSWERS--25% chance of having the disease.
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell? -
ANSWERS--23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes.
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What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes known as? - ANSWERS--
Autosomes.
What genetic information does the 23rd pair of chromosomes
determine? - ANSWERS--The genetic information for gender.
What chromosome pair do females have? - ANSWERS--Two X
chromosomes (XX).
What chromosome pair do males have? - ANSWERS--One X and one
Y chromosome (XY).
What process separates chromosomes into two identical sets during
cell division? - ANSWERS--Mitosis or meiosis.
What is the significance of chromosomes during cell division? -
ANSWERS--They transfer genetic information to daughter cells.
What happens to neurons during hypernatremia? - ANSWERS--Water
shifts out of the cell into the intravascular space, causing dehydration
of the neurons.
What is the pH value indicative of respiratory alkalosis? - ANSWERS--
A pH greater than 7.45.
What is the expected effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels? -
ANSWERS--It results in low PCO2 levels.
,3|Page
What is the relationship between serum osmolality and potassium
during dehydration? - ANSWERS--Increased serum osmolality causes
potassium to shift into the intravascular space.
What is the definition of hyperpolarization in relation to action
potentials? - ANSWERS--It is when the action potential becomes
more negative, making it less likely to fire.
What does hypopolarization refer to in the context of action
potentials? - ANSWERS--It is when the action potential becomes less
negative, making it more likely to fire.
What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? -
ANSWERS--It indicates severe hyponatremia, leading to neurological
symptoms.
What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with
hyperkalemia? - ANSWERS--Symptoms may include muscle
weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the primary cause of neurologic symptoms associated with
sodium imbalances? - ANSWERS--Fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons.
What is the expected pH value for a patient experiencing respiratory
acidosis? - ANSWERS--A pH less than 7.35.
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What is the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance? - ANSWERS-
-They carry genetic information that is passed from parents to
offspring.
What is the effect of dehydration on serum sodium levels? -
ANSWERS--It typically causes an increase in serum sodium levels.
What is the consequence of a chromosome abnormality during cell
division? - ANSWERS--It can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
What does it mean for autosomal chromosomes to be autologous? -
ANSWERS--They do not carry genetic information pertaining to
gender.
On which pairs of chromosomes are autosomal genetic diseases
carried? - ANSWERS--On the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.
Which pair of chromosomes carries sex-linked diseases? - ANSWERS-
-The 23rd pair of chromosomes.
How are autosomal chromosomes described in relation to each
other? - ANSWERS--They are nearly identical and considered
homologous.
NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 NEWEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST (2025 /
2026) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)/NEWEST GRADED A+
What ABG value is consistent with a patient in respiratory distress
breathing 33 breaths per minute? - ANSWERS--PCO2 15, indicating
hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.
What is the likely cause of disorientation and lethargy in a patient
with a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? - ANSWERS--Water has shifted
into the neurons, causing them to swell.
Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in a patient
experiencing dehydration? - ANSWERS--Hyperkalemia, due to
increased serum osmolality pulling potassium into the intravascular
space.
What is the chance that a baby will inherit an autosomal recessive
disease if one parent has the disease and the other is heterozygous?
- ANSWERS--25% chance of having the disease.
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in each human cell? -
ANSWERS--23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes.
,2|Page
What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes known as? - ANSWERS--
Autosomes.
What genetic information does the 23rd pair of chromosomes
determine? - ANSWERS--The genetic information for gender.
What chromosome pair do females have? - ANSWERS--Two X
chromosomes (XX).
What chromosome pair do males have? - ANSWERS--One X and one
Y chromosome (XY).
What process separates chromosomes into two identical sets during
cell division? - ANSWERS--Mitosis or meiosis.
What is the significance of chromosomes during cell division? -
ANSWERS--They transfer genetic information to daughter cells.
What happens to neurons during hypernatremia? - ANSWERS--Water
shifts out of the cell into the intravascular space, causing dehydration
of the neurons.
What is the pH value indicative of respiratory alkalosis? - ANSWERS--
A pH greater than 7.45.
What is the expected effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels? -
ANSWERS--It results in low PCO2 levels.
,3|Page
What is the relationship between serum osmolality and potassium
during dehydration? - ANSWERS--Increased serum osmolality causes
potassium to shift into the intravascular space.
What is the definition of hyperpolarization in relation to action
potentials? - ANSWERS--It is when the action potential becomes
more negative, making it less likely to fire.
What does hypopolarization refer to in the context of action
potentials? - ANSWERS--It is when the action potential becomes less
negative, making it more likely to fire.
What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 115 mEq/L? -
ANSWERS--It indicates severe hyponatremia, leading to neurological
symptoms.
What is the typical clinical presentation of a patient with
hyperkalemia? - ANSWERS--Symptoms may include muscle
weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the primary cause of neurologic symptoms associated with
sodium imbalances? - ANSWERS--Fluid shifting into or out of the
neurons.
What is the expected pH value for a patient experiencing respiratory
acidosis? - ANSWERS--A pH less than 7.35.
, 4|Page
What is the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance? - ANSWERS-
-They carry genetic information that is passed from parents to
offspring.
What is the effect of dehydration on serum sodium levels? -
ANSWERS--It typically causes an increase in serum sodium levels.
What is the consequence of a chromosome abnormality during cell
division? - ANSWERS--It can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
What does it mean for autosomal chromosomes to be autologous? -
ANSWERS--They do not carry genetic information pertaining to
gender.
On which pairs of chromosomes are autosomal genetic diseases
carried? - ANSWERS--On the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.
Which pair of chromosomes carries sex-linked diseases? - ANSWERS-
-The 23rd pair of chromosomes.
How are autosomal chromosomes described in relation to each
other? - ANSWERS--They are nearly identical and considered
homologous.
