NCLEX PN NEWEST VERSION | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
| LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
first you want to give
When dealing with a patient an ECK Administer
with Hyperkalemia calcium gluconate
administer insulin (drives K that is in blood
back into the cell) Administer dextrose to
couteract the insulin effect on blood sugar
This is when you have low sodium, this is caused by
Hyponatremia
diuretics, wound drainage, renal disease,
hyperglycemia, and CHF
rapid pulse, weakness, lethargy, headache, polyuria,
The symptoms of
hyponatremia decreased urine speficic gravity, dry skin/mucous
membranes, and olguria olguria is small urine
production
V/s
replace NA
How to terat hyponatremia Intake output, foods high
in sodium check blood
count
check urine specific gravity
This is when there is too much sodium in your blood.
Hypernatremia what is it
Causes would be intake too much sodium, cushings
disease, renal failure, fever
,What are the symptoms of decreased myocardial control, low bp, dry and flaky skin
hypernatremia
After getting back lab values one would be able to
The treatment for examine sodium intakes. Assessing the vital signs will
hypernatremia
show if the heart rate is low and the pulse is high.
Adminster water, possible IV of isotonic solutions
less than 95 typical ranges are 95-108. Causes are from
Hypochloremia excessive loss in vomits, nasogastric suction, sodium
deficits, losses through renal system. excessive water
within the body due to overinfusion of hypo-tonic
solution.
Symptoms of hypochloremia loss of sodium but are nonspecific to chloride
are
Treating hypocholremia you want to replace the sodium and chloride monitor for signs of
acidosis
increased salt intake, sym- no specific sym are
Hyperchloremia what is it
associated with hyper chloremia but usually accompany
causes, sym, treatments
an excess of sodium. Treatments - for this you want to
monitor the intake and outtake, electrolytes, and
decrease salt intake.
when phosphorus is elevated that means that calcium levels are
Phosphorus a little about it low. Aids in renal
regulation in buffer system. The paraathyroid gland
secretes parathyroid hormone in response to serum
calcium lvls.
This is caused by malnutrition, use of aluminum or
hypophosphetemia a lil about
it magnesium antacids, or hyperglycemia
What are the symp of cardiomyopathy, shallow rep, deep tendon reflex, irritable.
hypophosphetemia
V/s
eat diet higher in
phosphorus be
What can you do about
treatments alert for muscle
weakness neuro
asses
ekg
check cal levels
overall hyperphosphatemia is when there is too much
Hyperphosphatemia, what is it
, phosphorous in the body. This is caused by decreased
renal function, intake of too much, or
hypopharathyroidism
muscle spasms
chvosteks and tousseaus signs
symp of hyperphosphatemia
elevated serum
include
phosphorus levels
hypocalcemia ( low lvl
of calcium)
you need to adminster phosphate binding medications
Treating hyperphosphatemia such as aluminum hydroxide adminster calcium supp
with phosphate binders
hemodialysis and decrease foods and medications containing
phosphorus
this is when the body produces too much acid or the
kidneys are not moving the acid out of the body.
metabolic acidosis
In lab values you will see a decreased Ph, decreased
PaCO2, decreased serum CO2, often increased
Potassium
lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body
produces. Causes body fluids, especially the blood, to
become too acidic
Respiratory acidosis
Neuro : restlessnes
Respiratory: Initially increased repiratory rate,
perspiration, increase heart rate, slow resp
What are cheyne strokes breating marked by pds of apnea and gasps lasting 10-60 sec.
respirations
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
| LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
first you want to give
When dealing with a patient an ECK Administer
with Hyperkalemia calcium gluconate
administer insulin (drives K that is in blood
back into the cell) Administer dextrose to
couteract the insulin effect on blood sugar
This is when you have low sodium, this is caused by
Hyponatremia
diuretics, wound drainage, renal disease,
hyperglycemia, and CHF
rapid pulse, weakness, lethargy, headache, polyuria,
The symptoms of
hyponatremia decreased urine speficic gravity, dry skin/mucous
membranes, and olguria olguria is small urine
production
V/s
replace NA
How to terat hyponatremia Intake output, foods high
in sodium check blood
count
check urine specific gravity
This is when there is too much sodium in your blood.
Hypernatremia what is it
Causes would be intake too much sodium, cushings
disease, renal failure, fever
,What are the symptoms of decreased myocardial control, low bp, dry and flaky skin
hypernatremia
After getting back lab values one would be able to
The treatment for examine sodium intakes. Assessing the vital signs will
hypernatremia
show if the heart rate is low and the pulse is high.
Adminster water, possible IV of isotonic solutions
less than 95 typical ranges are 95-108. Causes are from
Hypochloremia excessive loss in vomits, nasogastric suction, sodium
deficits, losses through renal system. excessive water
within the body due to overinfusion of hypo-tonic
solution.
Symptoms of hypochloremia loss of sodium but are nonspecific to chloride
are
Treating hypocholremia you want to replace the sodium and chloride monitor for signs of
acidosis
increased salt intake, sym- no specific sym are
Hyperchloremia what is it
associated with hyper chloremia but usually accompany
causes, sym, treatments
an excess of sodium. Treatments - for this you want to
monitor the intake and outtake, electrolytes, and
decrease salt intake.
when phosphorus is elevated that means that calcium levels are
Phosphorus a little about it low. Aids in renal
regulation in buffer system. The paraathyroid gland
secretes parathyroid hormone in response to serum
calcium lvls.
This is caused by malnutrition, use of aluminum or
hypophosphetemia a lil about
it magnesium antacids, or hyperglycemia
What are the symp of cardiomyopathy, shallow rep, deep tendon reflex, irritable.
hypophosphetemia
V/s
eat diet higher in
phosphorus be
What can you do about
treatments alert for muscle
weakness neuro
asses
ekg
check cal levels
overall hyperphosphatemia is when there is too much
Hyperphosphatemia, what is it
, phosphorous in the body. This is caused by decreased
renal function, intake of too much, or
hypopharathyroidism
muscle spasms
chvosteks and tousseaus signs
symp of hyperphosphatemia
elevated serum
include
phosphorus levels
hypocalcemia ( low lvl
of calcium)
you need to adminster phosphate binding medications
Treating hyperphosphatemia such as aluminum hydroxide adminster calcium supp
with phosphate binders
hemodialysis and decrease foods and medications containing
phosphorus
this is when the body produces too much acid or the
kidneys are not moving the acid out of the body.
metabolic acidosis
In lab values you will see a decreased Ph, decreased
PaCO2, decreased serum CO2, often increased
Potassium
lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body
produces. Causes body fluids, especially the blood, to
become too acidic
Respiratory acidosis
Neuro : restlessnes
Respiratory: Initially increased repiratory rate,
perspiration, increase heart rate, slow resp
What are cheyne strokes breating marked by pds of apnea and gasps lasting 10-60 sec.
respirations
