TESTBANK |
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
| | | | | |
Patrick J. Hurley
| |
,Chapter 1 Test A
| | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: |The |following |selections |relate |to |distinguishing |arguments |from |nonarguments |and
|identifying |conclusions. |Select |the |best |answer |for |each.
1. There |appears |to |be |a |growing |happiness |gap |between |men |and |women. |Women |today |are |working
|more |and |relaxing |less, |while |men |are |working |less |and |relaxing |more. |Forty |years |ago |a |typical
|woman |spent |40 |minutes |more |per |week |than |the |typical |man |performing |an |activity |considered
|unpleasant. |Today, |with |men |working |less, |the |gap |is |90 |minutes |and |growing.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |Today |... |the |gap |is |90 |minutes |and |growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Forty |years |ago |... |an |activity |considered |unpleasant.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |There |appears |to |be |... |between |men |and |women.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Women |today |are |working |more |and |relaxing |less.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
2. Lead |is |toxic, |but |do |you |know |why? |Lead |is |toxic |mainly |because |it |preferentially |replaces |other
|metals |in |biochemical |reactions. |In |so |doing |it |interferes |with |the |proteins |that |regulate |blood |pressure
|(which |can |cause |development |delays |in |children |and |high |blood |pressure |in |adults), |heme |production
|(which |can |lead |to |anemia), |and |sperm |production. |Lead |also |displaces |calcium |in |the |reactions |that
|transmit |electrical |impulses |in |the |brain, |which |diminishes |the |ability |to |think |and |recall |information.
Anne |Marie |Helmstine, |"Your |Guide |to |Chemistry"
a. Argument; |conclusion: |It |interferes |with |the |proteins |... |and |sperm |production.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Lead |is |toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |It |preferentially |replaces |other |metals |in |biochemical |reactions.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Lead |also |displaces |calcium |... |recall |information.
ANS: | C PTS: | | 2
3. Aristotle |focused |on |clarifying |the |concept |of |virtue |itself. |He |argued |that |it |was |virtuous |to |choose |the
|proper |amount |of |emotion |and/or |action |called |for |in |a |particular |situation |and |that |extremes |of |emotion
|and |action |were |vices. |In |all |communities |there |are |some |men |of |practical |wisdom |who |have |the
|capacity |to |judge |wisely. |Aristotle |argued |that |they |have |the |capacity |to |follow |the |"right |rule" |whatever
|the |situation.
David |Cooper, |Value |Pluralism |and |Ethical |Choice
a. Argument; |conclusion: |In |all |communities |... |capacity |to |judge |wisely.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Aristotle |focused |on |clarifying |the |concept |of |virtue |itself.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |They |have |the |capacity |to |follow |... |the |situation.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |He |argued |that |it |was |virtuous |... |were |vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | E PTS: | | 2
4. Illegal |immigrants |pay |local |sales |taxes, |and |many |of |them |also |pay |state, |local, |and |federal |income |tax
|and |Social |Security |tax. |They |also |purchase |items |from |local |merchants, |increasing |the |amount |these
|merchants |pay |in |taxes. |In |addition, |they |work |for |low |salaries, |which |increases |the |earnings |of |their
|employers |and |the |amount |of |taxes |these |employers |pay. |Thus, |it |is |not |correct |to |say |that |illegal
|immigrants |contribute |nothing |to |the |communities |in |which |they |live.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |It |is |not |correct |to |say |... |communities |in |which |they |live.
1
, b. Argument; |conclusion: |They |work |for |low |salaries |... |these |employers |pay.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Illegal |immigrants |pay |... |Social |Security |tax.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |They |also |purchase |items |... |pay |in |taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | A PTS: | | 2
5. Numerous |studies |have |indicated |that |women |of |color, |black |women |in |particular, |are |over-arrested,
|over-indicted, |and |over-sentenced. |African-American |women |are |seven |times |more |likely |to |be
|arrested |for |prostitution |than |women |of |other |ethnic |groups. |Black |women |have |received |significantly
|longer |sentences |for |crimes |against |property |and |served |longer |periods |in |prison. |For |both |murder |and
|drug |offenses, |Euroamerican |women |ended |up |serving |one-third |less |time |for |the |same |offenses |than
|black |women.
Nancy |Kurshan, |"Women |and |Imprisonment |in |the |U.S."
a. Argument; |conclusion: |African-American |women |... |other |ethnic |groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |For |both |murder |and |drug |offenses |... |black |women.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |Numerous |studies |have |indicated |... |over-sentenced.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Black |women |have |received |... |longer |periods |in |prison.
ANS: | B PTS: | | 2
6. It's |even |more |important |these |days |that |your |computer |be |protected |by |a |firewall. |There |are |criminal
|elements |lurking |in |the |shadows |of |cyberspace |who |send |out |probes |to |detect |unprotected |PCs. |Once |a
|vulnerable |computer |is |found, |these |criminals |install |software |that |assists |them |in |committing |identity
|theft |and |fencing |stolen |IDs. |They |also |defraud |online |advertisers |by |using |these |zombie |computers |to
|visit |pay-per-click |ads.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |There |are |criminal |elements |... |to |detect |unprotected |PCs.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Once |a |vulnerable |computer |... |fencing |stolen |IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |They |also |defraud |... |to |visit |pay-per-click |ads.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |It's |even |more |important |... |protected |by |a |firewall.
ANS: | E PTS: | | 2
7. The |earth |is |of |interest |to |astronomy |for |many |reasons. |Nearly |all |observations |must |be |made |through
|the |atmosphere, |and |the |phenomena |of |the |upper |atmosphere |and |the |magnetosphere |reflect |the |state |of
|interplanetary |space. |The |earth |is |also |the |most |important |object |of |comparison |for |planetologists.
Hannu |Karttunen, |et |al., |Fundamental |Astronomy
a. Argument; |conclusion: |The |phenomena |... |state |of |interplanetary |space.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |The |earth |is |also |... |for |planetologists.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |The |earth |is |of |interest |to |astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Nearly |all |observations |... |through |the |atmosphere.
ANS: | C PTS: | | 2
8. If |the |trade |in |tiger |products |is |banned, |tiger |reserves |are |guarded |by |well |equipped |staff, |communities
|abutting |tiger |habitat |are |given |a |stake |in |protecting |tigers, |and |the |makers |of |traditional |medicines |can
|be |persuaded |that |tiger |parts |are |not |needed, |then |tiger |poaching |will |be |halted, |habitat |and |life
|sustaining |prey |will |be |restored, |and |the |immanent |extinction |of |tigers |in |the |wild |will |be |averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |The |trade |in |tiger |products |is |banned.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Tiger |poaching |will |be |halted.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |The |makers |of |traditional |medicines |... |not |needed.
2
, e. Argument; |conclusion: |Tiger |poaching |will |be |halted |... |will |be |averted.
ANS: | A PTS: | | 2
9. Humans |are |biological |organisms. |To |understand |our |behavior |and |mental |processes, |we |need |to
|understand |their |biological |underpinnings, |starting |with |the |cellular |level, |the |neuron. |How |we |feel,
|learn, |remember, |and |think |all |stem |from |neuronal |activity. |So, |how |a |neuron |works |and |how |neurons
|communicate |are |crucial |pieces |of |information |in |solving |the |puzzle |of |human |behavior |and |mental
|processing.
Richard |Griggs, |Psychology: |A |Concise |Introduction
a. Argument; |conclusion: |To |understand |our |behavior |... |the |neuron.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Humans |are |biological |organisms.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |How |we |feel |... |neuronal |activity.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |How |a |neuron |works |... |mental |processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
10. Viruses |are |acellular |entities |too |small |to |be |seen |with |a |light |microscope. |They |are |composed |of |a
|nucleic |acid |and |a |few |proteins. |Viruses |replicate |themselves |and |display |other |properties |of |living
|organisms |only |when |they |have |invaded |living |cells. |Indeed, |some |viruses |can |be |crystallized |and
|stored |in |a |container |on |a |shelf |for |years, |but |they |retain |the |capacity |to |invade |cells |and |cause |disease.
Jacquelyn |C. |Black, |Microbiology: |Principles |and |Explorations
a. Argument; |conclusion: |They |are |composed |of |a |nucleic |acid |and |a |few |proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Viruses |are |acellular |entities |... |microscope.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |Indeed, |some |viruses |can |be |crystallized |... |cause |disease.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Viruses |replicate |themselves |... |invaded |living |cells.
ANS: | B PTS: | | 2
11. Harnessing |the |clean, |abundant |energy |of |the |sun |and |wind |is |critical |to |solving |the |global |warming
|problem. |Technological |advances |have |brought |the |cost |of |electricity |generated |by |the |wind |down |by
|82 |percent |since |1981. |Solar |energy |technology |has |made |remarkable |progress |as |new |photovoltaic
|cells |have |been |developed |to |convert |even |greater |amounts |of |sunlight |directly |into |electricity. |Today
|the |costs |of |wind |and |solar |power |are |becoming |competitive |with |dirty |coal-fired |plants.
Sierra |Club, |"Global |Warming |Solutions"
a. Argument; |conclusion: |Today |the |costs |of |wind |... |dirty |coal-fired |plants.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Technological |advances |... |by |82 |percent |since |1981.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Harnessing |the |clean |... |the |global |warming |problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Solar |energy |technology |... |directly |into |electricity.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
12. It |is |likely |that |innocent |prisoners |in |this |country |have |been |executed |for |crimes |they |did |not |commit.
|From |1973 |until |2007, |124 |death |row |inmates |have |been |exonerated. |In |many |of |these |cases |DNA
|evidence |played |a |crucial |role. |Yet, |in |that |same |time |frame, |more |than |1000 |prisoners |were |executed.
|For |many |of |these |prisoners |no |DNA |evidence |was |available. |If |such |evidence |had |been |available, |how
|may |more |would |have |been |exonerated?
a. Argument; |conclusion: |In |many |of |these |cases |... |played |a |crucial |role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |From |1973 |... |have |been |exonerated.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |For |many |of |these |prisoners |... |was |available.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |It |is |likely |that |innocent |prisoners |... |they |did |not |commit.
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
| | | | | |
Patrick J. Hurley
| |
,Chapter 1 Test A
| | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: |The |following |selections |relate |to |distinguishing |arguments |from |nonarguments |and
|identifying |conclusions. |Select |the |best |answer |for |each.
1. There |appears |to |be |a |growing |happiness |gap |between |men |and |women. |Women |today |are |working
|more |and |relaxing |less, |while |men |are |working |less |and |relaxing |more. |Forty |years |ago |a |typical
|woman |spent |40 |minutes |more |per |week |than |the |typical |man |performing |an |activity |considered
|unpleasant. |Today, |with |men |working |less, |the |gap |is |90 |minutes |and |growing.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |Today |... |the |gap |is |90 |minutes |and |growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Forty |years |ago |... |an |activity |considered |unpleasant.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |There |appears |to |be |... |between |men |and |women.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Women |today |are |working |more |and |relaxing |less.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
2. Lead |is |toxic, |but |do |you |know |why? |Lead |is |toxic |mainly |because |it |preferentially |replaces |other
|metals |in |biochemical |reactions. |In |so |doing |it |interferes |with |the |proteins |that |regulate |blood |pressure
|(which |can |cause |development |delays |in |children |and |high |blood |pressure |in |adults), |heme |production
|(which |can |lead |to |anemia), |and |sperm |production. |Lead |also |displaces |calcium |in |the |reactions |that
|transmit |electrical |impulses |in |the |brain, |which |diminishes |the |ability |to |think |and |recall |information.
Anne |Marie |Helmstine, |"Your |Guide |to |Chemistry"
a. Argument; |conclusion: |It |interferes |with |the |proteins |... |and |sperm |production.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Lead |is |toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |It |preferentially |replaces |other |metals |in |biochemical |reactions.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Lead |also |displaces |calcium |... |recall |information.
ANS: | C PTS: | | 2
3. Aristotle |focused |on |clarifying |the |concept |of |virtue |itself. |He |argued |that |it |was |virtuous |to |choose |the
|proper |amount |of |emotion |and/or |action |called |for |in |a |particular |situation |and |that |extremes |of |emotion
|and |action |were |vices. |In |all |communities |there |are |some |men |of |practical |wisdom |who |have |the
|capacity |to |judge |wisely. |Aristotle |argued |that |they |have |the |capacity |to |follow |the |"right |rule" |whatever
|the |situation.
David |Cooper, |Value |Pluralism |and |Ethical |Choice
a. Argument; |conclusion: |In |all |communities |... |capacity |to |judge |wisely.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Aristotle |focused |on |clarifying |the |concept |of |virtue |itself.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |They |have |the |capacity |to |follow |... |the |situation.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |He |argued |that |it |was |virtuous |... |were |vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | E PTS: | | 2
4. Illegal |immigrants |pay |local |sales |taxes, |and |many |of |them |also |pay |state, |local, |and |federal |income |tax
|and |Social |Security |tax. |They |also |purchase |items |from |local |merchants, |increasing |the |amount |these
|merchants |pay |in |taxes. |In |addition, |they |work |for |low |salaries, |which |increases |the |earnings |of |their
|employers |and |the |amount |of |taxes |these |employers |pay. |Thus, |it |is |not |correct |to |say |that |illegal
|immigrants |contribute |nothing |to |the |communities |in |which |they |live.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |It |is |not |correct |to |say |... |communities |in |which |they |live.
1
, b. Argument; |conclusion: |They |work |for |low |salaries |... |these |employers |pay.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Illegal |immigrants |pay |... |Social |Security |tax.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |They |also |purchase |items |... |pay |in |taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | A PTS: | | 2
5. Numerous |studies |have |indicated |that |women |of |color, |black |women |in |particular, |are |over-arrested,
|over-indicted, |and |over-sentenced. |African-American |women |are |seven |times |more |likely |to |be
|arrested |for |prostitution |than |women |of |other |ethnic |groups. |Black |women |have |received |significantly
|longer |sentences |for |crimes |against |property |and |served |longer |periods |in |prison. |For |both |murder |and
|drug |offenses, |Euroamerican |women |ended |up |serving |one-third |less |time |for |the |same |offenses |than
|black |women.
Nancy |Kurshan, |"Women |and |Imprisonment |in |the |U.S."
a. Argument; |conclusion: |African-American |women |... |other |ethnic |groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |For |both |murder |and |drug |offenses |... |black |women.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |Numerous |studies |have |indicated |... |over-sentenced.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Black |women |have |received |... |longer |periods |in |prison.
ANS: | B PTS: | | 2
6. It's |even |more |important |these |days |that |your |computer |be |protected |by |a |firewall. |There |are |criminal
|elements |lurking |in |the |shadows |of |cyberspace |who |send |out |probes |to |detect |unprotected |PCs. |Once |a
|vulnerable |computer |is |found, |these |criminals |install |software |that |assists |them |in |committing |identity
|theft |and |fencing |stolen |IDs. |They |also |defraud |online |advertisers |by |using |these |zombie |computers |to
|visit |pay-per-click |ads.
a. Argument; |conclusion: |There |are |criminal |elements |... |to |detect |unprotected |PCs.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Once |a |vulnerable |computer |... |fencing |stolen |IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |They |also |defraud |... |to |visit |pay-per-click |ads.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |It's |even |more |important |... |protected |by |a |firewall.
ANS: | E PTS: | | 2
7. The |earth |is |of |interest |to |astronomy |for |many |reasons. |Nearly |all |observations |must |be |made |through
|the |atmosphere, |and |the |phenomena |of |the |upper |atmosphere |and |the |magnetosphere |reflect |the |state |of
|interplanetary |space. |The |earth |is |also |the |most |important |object |of |comparison |for |planetologists.
Hannu |Karttunen, |et |al., |Fundamental |Astronomy
a. Argument; |conclusion: |The |phenomena |... |state |of |interplanetary |space.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |The |earth |is |also |... |for |planetologists.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |The |earth |is |of |interest |to |astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Nearly |all |observations |... |through |the |atmosphere.
ANS: | C PTS: | | 2
8. If |the |trade |in |tiger |products |is |banned, |tiger |reserves |are |guarded |by |well |equipped |staff, |communities
|abutting |tiger |habitat |are |given |a |stake |in |protecting |tigers, |and |the |makers |of |traditional |medicines |can
|be |persuaded |that |tiger |parts |are |not |needed, |then |tiger |poaching |will |be |halted, |habitat |and |life
|sustaining |prey |will |be |restored, |and |the |immanent |extinction |of |tigers |in |the |wild |will |be |averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |The |trade |in |tiger |products |is |banned.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Tiger |poaching |will |be |halted.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |The |makers |of |traditional |medicines |... |not |needed.
2
, e. Argument; |conclusion: |Tiger |poaching |will |be |halted |... |will |be |averted.
ANS: | A PTS: | | 2
9. Humans |are |biological |organisms. |To |understand |our |behavior |and |mental |processes, |we |need |to
|understand |their |biological |underpinnings, |starting |with |the |cellular |level, |the |neuron. |How |we |feel,
|learn, |remember, |and |think |all |stem |from |neuronal |activity. |So, |how |a |neuron |works |and |how |neurons
|communicate |are |crucial |pieces |of |information |in |solving |the |puzzle |of |human |behavior |and |mental
|processing.
Richard |Griggs, |Psychology: |A |Concise |Introduction
a. Argument; |conclusion: |To |understand |our |behavior |... |the |neuron.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Humans |are |biological |organisms.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |How |we |feel |... |neuronal |activity.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |How |a |neuron |works |... |mental |processing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
10. Viruses |are |acellular |entities |too |small |to |be |seen |with |a |light |microscope. |They |are |composed |of |a
|nucleic |acid |and |a |few |proteins. |Viruses |replicate |themselves |and |display |other |properties |of |living
|organisms |only |when |they |have |invaded |living |cells. |Indeed, |some |viruses |can |be |crystallized |and
|stored |in |a |container |on |a |shelf |for |years, |but |they |retain |the |capacity |to |invade |cells |and |cause |disease.
Jacquelyn |C. |Black, |Microbiology: |Principles |and |Explorations
a. Argument; |conclusion: |They |are |composed |of |a |nucleic |acid |and |a |few |proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Viruses |are |acellular |entities |... |microscope.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |Indeed, |some |viruses |can |be |crystallized |... |cause |disease.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Viruses |replicate |themselves |... |invaded |living |cells.
ANS: | B PTS: | | 2
11. Harnessing |the |clean, |abundant |energy |of |the |sun |and |wind |is |critical |to |solving |the |global |warming
|problem. |Technological |advances |have |brought |the |cost |of |electricity |generated |by |the |wind |down |by
|82 |percent |since |1981. |Solar |energy |technology |has |made |remarkable |progress |as |new |photovoltaic
|cells |have |been |developed |to |convert |even |greater |amounts |of |sunlight |directly |into |electricity. |Today
|the |costs |of |wind |and |solar |power |are |becoming |competitive |with |dirty |coal-fired |plants.
Sierra |Club, |"Global |Warming |Solutions"
a. Argument; |conclusion: |Today |the |costs |of |wind |... |dirty |coal-fired |plants.
b. Argument; |conclusion: |Technological |advances |... |by |82 |percent |since |1981.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |Harnessing |the |clean |... |the |global |warming |problem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |Solar |energy |technology |... |directly |into |electricity.
ANS: | D PTS: | | 2
12. It |is |likely |that |innocent |prisoners |in |this |country |have |been |executed |for |crimes |they |did |not |commit.
|From |1973 |until |2007, |124 |death |row |inmates |have |been |exonerated. |In |many |of |these |cases |DNA
|evidence |played |a |crucial |role. |Yet, |in |that |same |time |frame, |more |than |1000 |prisoners |were |executed.
|For |many |of |these |prisoners |no |DNA |evidence |was |available. |If |such |evidence |had |been |available, |how
|may |more |would |have |been |exonerated?
a. Argument; |conclusion: |In |many |of |these |cases |... |played |a |crucial |role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; |conclusion: |From |1973 |... |have |been |exonerated.
d. Argument; |conclusion: |For |many |of |these |prisoners |... |was |available.
e. Argument; |conclusion: |It |is |likely |that |innocent |prisoners |... |they |did |not |commit.
3
