1
NR567 Final
NR567 Final Study Guide: Key Medications
and Treatments Questions with Correct
Verified Answers (Latest 2026/2027)
What is an example of a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
used for allergic conjunctivitis? - ANS ✓Ketorolac.
What is the use of Glucocorticoids in treating allergic conjunctivitis? - ANS
✓Reserved for short-term use in severe or refractory cases.
What is the mechanism of action of β-Adrenergic Blockers in treating open-
angle glaucoma? - ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production.
What is the effect of α2-Adrenergic Agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP)?
- ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production and increase aqueous
humor outflow.
What is the first-line treatment for glaucoma due to its high efficacy? - ANS
✓Prostaglandin Inhibitors, such as Latanoprost.
What is the mechanism of action of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in glaucoma
treatment? - ANS ✓They increase aqueous humor outflow by inhibiting
cholinesterase.
What are the two examples of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors? - ANS
✓Dorzolamide and Acetazolamide.
NR567 Final
, 2
NR567 Final
What caution should be taken with Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in sulfa-
allergic patients? - ANS ✓They may trigger allergic reactions due to
sulfonamide groups.
Which glaucoma medications are generally considered safe for sulfa-
allergic patients? - ANS ✓Prostaglandin Analogues and Beta-Blockers.
What is the mechanism of action of Prostaglandin Analogues? - ANS ✓They
increase aqueous humor outflow.
What is the example of a Beta-Blocker used for glaucoma? - ANS ✓Timolol.
What are examples of Alpha Adrenergic Agonists used in glaucoma
treatment? - ANS ✓Brimonidine and Apraclonidine.
What is the mechanism of action for Alpha Adrenergic Agonists in
glaucoma? - ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production and may
increase outflow.
Are Alpha Adrenergic Agonists safe for patients with sulfa allergies? - ANS
✓Yes, they are generally safe in patients with sulfa allergies.
What should be avoided in glaucoma patients with a sulfa allergy? - ANS
✓Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, especially oral formulations.
NR567 Final
, 3
NR567 Final
What are first-line alternatives for glaucoma treatment in patients with
sulfa allergies? - ANS ✓Prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, and alpha
agonists.
What is the most common pathogen causing Acute Otitis Media (AOM)? -
ANS ✓Haemophilus influenzae (nontypeable) at 56%.
What syndrome is frequently associated with Haemophilus influenzae in
AOM? - ANS ✓Conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome.
What percentage of AOM cases are caused by Moraxella catarrhalis? - ANS
✓22%.
What is a notable characteristic of Moraxella catarrhalis? - ANS ✓It
produces β-lactamase.
What is the historical significance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in AOM? -
ANS ✓It was historically the most common cause but is now less frequent
due to vaccination.
What is the goal of treatment for Acute Otitis Externa (AOE)? - ANS ✓To
eradicate infection and relieve pain.
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated AOE? - ANS ✓Topical
therapy.
NR567 Final
, 4
NR567 Final
What are some topical options for treating AOE? - ANS ✓Acetic acid 2%
solution, alcohol + acetic acid, fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and
neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone combination.
What oral antibiotic is indicated for adults with AOE when infection
spreads? - ANS ✓Oral ciprofloxacin.
What oral antibiotic is recommended for children with AOE? - ANS
✓Cephalexin (Keflex).
What are common side effects of Montelukast? - ANS ✓Mood changes,
depression, suicidality, and rare Churg-Strauss syndrome.
What side effects are associated with Zafirlukast? - ANS ✓Headache,
gastrointestinal disturbances, arthralgia, myalgia, depression, and rare liver
injury.
What neuropsychiatric effects can Zileuton cause? - ANS ✓Depression,
anxiety, agitation, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, and suicidality.
What triggers Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)? - ANS ✓Outdoor
allergens such as pollen from weeds, grasses, trees, and fungi.
What is perennial allergic rhinitis? - ANS ✓A year-round condition
triggered by indoor allergens such as house dust mites and pet dander.
What are the main drug categories used for treating allergic rhinitis? - ANS
✓1. Intranasal glucocorticoids 2. Antihistamines 3. Intranasal
NR567 Final
NR567 Final
NR567 Final Study Guide: Key Medications
and Treatments Questions with Correct
Verified Answers (Latest 2026/2027)
What is an example of a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
used for allergic conjunctivitis? - ANS ✓Ketorolac.
What is the use of Glucocorticoids in treating allergic conjunctivitis? - ANS
✓Reserved for short-term use in severe or refractory cases.
What is the mechanism of action of β-Adrenergic Blockers in treating open-
angle glaucoma? - ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production.
What is the effect of α2-Adrenergic Agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP)?
- ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production and increase aqueous
humor outflow.
What is the first-line treatment for glaucoma due to its high efficacy? - ANS
✓Prostaglandin Inhibitors, such as Latanoprost.
What is the mechanism of action of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in glaucoma
treatment? - ANS ✓They increase aqueous humor outflow by inhibiting
cholinesterase.
What are the two examples of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors? - ANS
✓Dorzolamide and Acetazolamide.
NR567 Final
, 2
NR567 Final
What caution should be taken with Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in sulfa-
allergic patients? - ANS ✓They may trigger allergic reactions due to
sulfonamide groups.
Which glaucoma medications are generally considered safe for sulfa-
allergic patients? - ANS ✓Prostaglandin Analogues and Beta-Blockers.
What is the mechanism of action of Prostaglandin Analogues? - ANS ✓They
increase aqueous humor outflow.
What is the example of a Beta-Blocker used for glaucoma? - ANS ✓Timolol.
What are examples of Alpha Adrenergic Agonists used in glaucoma
treatment? - ANS ✓Brimonidine and Apraclonidine.
What is the mechanism of action for Alpha Adrenergic Agonists in
glaucoma? - ANS ✓They decrease aqueous humor production and may
increase outflow.
Are Alpha Adrenergic Agonists safe for patients with sulfa allergies? - ANS
✓Yes, they are generally safe in patients with sulfa allergies.
What should be avoided in glaucoma patients with a sulfa allergy? - ANS
✓Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, especially oral formulations.
NR567 Final
, 3
NR567 Final
What are first-line alternatives for glaucoma treatment in patients with
sulfa allergies? - ANS ✓Prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, and alpha
agonists.
What is the most common pathogen causing Acute Otitis Media (AOM)? -
ANS ✓Haemophilus influenzae (nontypeable) at 56%.
What syndrome is frequently associated with Haemophilus influenzae in
AOM? - ANS ✓Conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome.
What percentage of AOM cases are caused by Moraxella catarrhalis? - ANS
✓22%.
What is a notable characteristic of Moraxella catarrhalis? - ANS ✓It
produces β-lactamase.
What is the historical significance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in AOM? -
ANS ✓It was historically the most common cause but is now less frequent
due to vaccination.
What is the goal of treatment for Acute Otitis Externa (AOE)? - ANS ✓To
eradicate infection and relieve pain.
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated AOE? - ANS ✓Topical
therapy.
NR567 Final
, 4
NR567 Final
What are some topical options for treating AOE? - ANS ✓Acetic acid 2%
solution, alcohol + acetic acid, fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and
neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone combination.
What oral antibiotic is indicated for adults with AOE when infection
spreads? - ANS ✓Oral ciprofloxacin.
What oral antibiotic is recommended for children with AOE? - ANS
✓Cephalexin (Keflex).
What are common side effects of Montelukast? - ANS ✓Mood changes,
depression, suicidality, and rare Churg-Strauss syndrome.
What side effects are associated with Zafirlukast? - ANS ✓Headache,
gastrointestinal disturbances, arthralgia, myalgia, depression, and rare liver
injury.
What neuropsychiatric effects can Zileuton cause? - ANS ✓Depression,
anxiety, agitation, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, and suicidality.
What triggers Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)? - ANS ✓Outdoor
allergens such as pollen from weeds, grasses, trees, and fungi.
What is perennial allergic rhinitis? - ANS ✓A year-round condition
triggered by indoor allergens such as house dust mites and pet dander.
What are the main drug categories used for treating allergic rhinitis? - ANS
✓1. Intranasal glucocorticoids 2. Antihistamines 3. Intranasal
NR567 Final
