TESTBANK ts
ACONCISEINTRODUCTIONTO LOGIC11TH EDITION
ts st st st st st
Patrick J. Hurley
st st
,Chapter 1 Test A st st st
MULTIPLE CHOICE st
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and st st st st st st st st st st st
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. st st st st st st st
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mo
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
re and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
st st st st st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. st st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. st st st st st st st st st
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metal
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
s in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which c
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
an cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electri
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cal impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. st st st st
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. st st st st st st st st
ANS: C s t PTS: s t s t 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the pro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
per amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to j
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
udge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. st st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. st st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices st st st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E s t PTS: s t s t 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these mercha
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nts pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers a
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nd the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribu
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
te nothing to the communities in which they live.
st st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. st st st st st st st st st st st st st
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. st st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. st st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A s t PTS: s t s t 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African- st st st st
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and serve
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving o
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ne-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
st st st st st st st st st
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. st st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: B s t PTS: s t s t 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal ele
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ments lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulner
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
able computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st s
fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-
t st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
per-click ads. st
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. st st st st st st st st st
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: E s t PTS: s t s t 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interpl
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
anetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. st st st st st st st st
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. st st st st st st st st
ANS: C s t PTS: s t s t 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities ab
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
utting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be pe
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rsuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. st st st st st st st st st
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: A s t PTS: s t s t 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to unders
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
tand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rem
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nuclei
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
c acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a contai
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ner on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. st st st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. st st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. st st st st st st st st
ANS: B s t PTS: s t s t 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming pro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
blem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 per
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
st st st st st st st st st st
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. st st st st st st st st st
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. st st st st st st st st
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. Fro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
m 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more woul
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d have been exonerated?
st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. st st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. st st st st st st st st st st st st
3
ACONCISEINTRODUCTIONTO LOGIC11TH EDITION
ts st st st st st
Patrick J. Hurley
st st
,Chapter 1 Test A st st st
MULTIPLE CHOICE st
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and st st st st st st st st st st st
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. st st st st st st st
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mo
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
re and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
st st st st st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. st st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. st st st st st st st st st
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metal
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
s in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which c
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
an cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electri
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cal impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. st st st st
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. st st st st st st st st
ANS: C s t PTS: s t s t 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the pro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
per amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to j
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
udge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. st st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. st st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices st st st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E s t PTS: s t s t 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these mercha
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nts pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers a
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nd the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribu
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
te nothing to the communities in which they live.
st st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. st st st st st st st st st st st st st
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. st st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. st st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A s t PTS: s t s t 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African- st st st st
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and serve
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving o
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ne-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
st st st st st st st st st
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." st st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. st st st st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: B s t PTS: s t s t 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal ele
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ments lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulner
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
able computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st s
fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-
t st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
per-click ads. st
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. st st st st st st st st st
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: E s t PTS: s t s t 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interpl
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
anetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. st st st st st st st st
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. st st st st st st st st
ANS: C s t PTS: s t s t 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities ab
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
utting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be pe
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rsuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. st st st st st st st st st
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. st st st st st st st st st st
ANS: A s t PTS: s t s t 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to unders
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
tand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rem
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. st st st st st st st st
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nuclei
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
c acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a contai
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ner on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations st st st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. st st st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. st st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. st st st st st st st st
ANS: B s t PTS: s t s t 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming pro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
blem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 per
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
cent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
st st st st st st st st st st
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" st st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. st st st st st st st st st st
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. st st st st st st st st st
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. st st st st st st st st st
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. st st st st st st st st
ANS: D s t PTS: s t s t 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. Fro
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
m 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more woul
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
d have been exonerated?
st st st
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. st st st st st st st st st st st
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. st st st st st st st
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. st st st st st st st st st
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. st st st st st st st st st st st st
3
