PHILO031 Ethics – 42 Exam Questions with Correct Answers on the Origin and Branches of Philosophy: Ontology, Metaphysics, Logic, and Ethics (AY 2025/2026)

This document presents 42 well-structured and exam-ready questions and answers from the PHILO031 Ethics course, specifically centered on the Origin and Branches of Philosophy, as taught in the 2025/2026 academic year. It introduces students to the fundamental philosophical inquiry: “What is Being?”, and explores the question “Why is there something rather than nothing?”, which serves as the entry point into ontology and the philosophical study of existence. The material outlines the major branches of pure philosophy, including: Ontology (study of being as being) Metaphysics (study of what is beyond the physical) Cosmology (study of the order of the universe) Theodicy (justification of the existence of God) Psychology (study of the soul/self) Logic (critical thinking and valid reasoning) Epistemology (study of knowledge) Ethics (study of moral action and choice) It also covers applied branches of philosophy such as the Philosophy of Technology, Death, and Feminism, making the content applicable to modern contexts. Each concept is introduced with clear definitions and Greek etymologies, helping students connect classical foundations to current philosophical thought. This document is ideal for students in Philosophy, Humanities, General Education, Theology, or those beginning their journey into critical and abstract thinking. Its Q&A format makes it highly efficient for exam preparation, class recitation, or personal mastery of foundational philosophical frameworks. Keywords: branches of philosophy, ontology, metaphysics, cosmology, theodicy, logic, epistemology, ethics, psychology, applied philosophy, origin of philosophy, what is being, Greek philosophy, critical thinking, PHILO031, philosophy exam