PHILO031 Ethics – 38 Exam Questions with Correct Answers on The Ends of Human Acts: Proximate, Remote, Ultimate Ends & Types of Goods (AY 2025/2026)

This document presents 38 carefully verified exam questions and answers from the PHILO031 Ethics course, focused on the topic “To the Ends of the Human Act.” It explores the philosophical and ethical implications of goals, intentions, and outcomes as they relate to human action. The material explains the distinction between the end of the act (the natural result of an activity) and the end of the doer (the agent’s intention or motive), helping students understand the multiple layers behind ethical decision-making. Key concepts include: Proximate, Remote, Intermediate, and Ultimate Ends Principles that govern human action and intentionality The concept of the "summum bonum" or greatest good Philosophical definitions of happiness (especially Aristotle’s view) Classification of goods: Essential vs Accidental, Real vs Apparent, Perfect vs Imperfect, Perfective vs Non-Perfective Students will gain insight into why individuals act toward certain goals, how to evaluate the ethical worth of those goals, and how real and apparent goods influence human morality. The document emphasizes happiness as the ultimate end, echoing classical ethical thought and aligning with the broader framework of virtue ethics. This study resource is essential for learners in Philosophy, Ethics, Theology, Moral Philosophy, and related disciplines. It is designed for college-level exam preparation, thematic review, or supplemental study in the 2025/2026 academic year. Keywords: ends of human acts, proximate end, remote end, ultimate end, end of the act, end of the doer, summum bonum, happiness, Aristotle, goods classification, real good, apparent good, essential goods, accidental goods, perfective goods, imperfect goods, perfection, human purpose, PHILO031, ethics exam