Cosmetology Practice Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release

Cosmetology Practice Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release What is the primary function of sebum in the skin? **Ans** Sebum helps to lubricate the skin and hair, keeping them soft and moisturized. What is the effect of high-frequency treatment on the skin? **Ans** It increases blood circulation and helps to stimulate cell metabolism. What is the purpose of a diffuser when blow-drying hair? **Ans** A diffuser softens the airflow, reducing frizz and enhancing curl definition. How should hair be sectioned when performing a chemical relaxer service? **Ans** Hair should be divided into four sections for even application of the relaxer. What is the first step in performing a basic manicure? **Ans** Sanitize your hands and the client’s hands to ensure a clean working environment. Why is it important to analyze the scalp before a shampoo service? **Ans** To identify any scalp disorders or conditions that may require special treatment or prevent certain services. When applying artificial nails, what is the function of a primer? **Ans** Primer improves adhesion between the natural nail and the artificial nail or product. How do you identify a bacterial infection on the nails? **Ans** Look for green or yellow discoloration, which may indicate the presence of bacteria under the nail plate. What is the role of melanin in hair? **Ans** Melanin is the pigment responsible for the natural color of the hair. During a haircut, what is the significance of maintaining consistent tension? **Ans** Consistent tension ensures uniformity in the length of the cut and prevents uneven results. What should you do if a client has lice? **Ans** Stop the service immediately and advise the client to seek medical treatment. Why is a client consultation important before beginning a service? **Ans** It helps to determine the client’s preferences, any contraindications, and the best service approach based on their needs. What is the difference between soft wax and hard wax in hair removal? **Ans** Soft wax requires a cloth strip for removal, while hard wax hardens and can be removed without a strip. How often should chemical relaxer retouches be performed? **Ans** Every 6-8 weeks, depending on the rate of hair growth and the client’s hair type. What is the effect of a cold wave (alkaline perm) on the hair structure? **Ans** It breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair to allow it to take on the new shape of the perm rods. What is a contraindication for performing a facial treatment? **Ans** Skin conditions such as open sores, infections, or severe acne should prevent a facial treatment until the skin has healed. What is the correct method to file natural nails? **Ans** File from the outer edge toward the center in one direction to avoid splitting the nail. What type of haircut is commonly referred to as a "bob"? **Ans** A one-length haircut, typically cut at the jawline or slightly below. What is the purpose of a deep-conditioning treatment? **Ans** To restore moisture, strengthen the hair, and improve its overall health. What is the primary purpose of sanitizing and disinfecting tools after each use? **Ans** To prevent the spread of bacteria, viruses, and infections between clients. abductors **Ans**muscles that separate the fingers adductors **Ans**muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together alopecia **Ans**abnormal hair loss alopecia areata **Ans**the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots may occur on the scalp or elsewhere on the body alternating current **Ans**rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction Ammonium thioglycolate **Ans**the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents amp **Ans**unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor) anabolism **Ans**Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials anagen **Ans**phase of hair that is known as the growth phase, new hair is produced Anaphoresis **Ans**process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole androgenic alopecia **Ans**hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair which is converted to vellus hair anode **Ans**Positive electrode Apex **Ans**Highest point on the top of the head arrector pili **Ans**tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect Bacteria **Ans**one celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics Bang/Fringe **Ans**area that is a triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners basal cell layer **Ans**also known as the stratum germinativum layer; the deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth. Base, Stem, Curl **Ans**Parts of a curl bed epithelium **Ans**thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed belly **Ans**the middle part of the muscle blood vascular system **Ans**consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body Blunt **Ans**one-length haircut bulla **Ans**blister containing a watery fluid canities **Ans**technical term for gray hair Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur **Ans**the 5 main elements that make up the human hair carbuncle **Ans**Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger. carpus **Ans**the wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments carving **Ans**the version of slicing that creates a visual separation in the hair Catabolism **Ans**breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy catagen **Ans**phase that is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of the hair Catalyst **Ans**used to make reactions happen more quickly Cataphoresis **Ans**process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole cathode **Ans**Negative electrode Cell membrane **Ans**thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Cells **Ans**the basic units of all living thing, from bacteria to plants and animals, and including human beings cervical vertebrae **Ans**The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region. Circulatory system **Ans**body system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood through the body Concave **Ans**facial profile that curves inward Conductor **Ans**any substance that easily transmits electricity converter **Ans**an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current Convex **Ans**Facial profile that curves outward corrugator muscle **Ans**Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically cortex **Ans**middle layer of the hair Crown **Ans**area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge. Curved **Ans**Lines that soften a design cuticle **Ans**dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate cuticle **Ans**outermost layer of the hair cyst **Ans**a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure, Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. cytoplasm **Ans**All the protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus deltoid **Ans**a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm density **Ans**measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch dermal papilla **Ans**small cone shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb dermis **Ans**the underlying or inner layer of the skin design texture **Ans**refers to wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for your client Desincrustation **Ans**process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and backheads in the hair follicles Diagonal **Ans**Lines that are positioned between horizontal and vertical Diamond **Ans**Facial contour that is narrow at the forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow at the chin. direct current **Ans**electric current that flows only in one direction disulfide bond **Ans**Strongest bond that can only be broken by chemicals elasticity **Ans**ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking electrode **Ans**applicator for directing the electric current from machine to clients skin Electrotherapy **Ans**electronic facial treatments Elevation **Ans**the angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held Endocrine system **Ans**affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body. endothermic waves **Ans**chemical waving reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings EPA- Environmental Protection Agency **Ans**Licenses two types of disinfectants used in salons; Tuberculocidal, and Hospital. Hospital products are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids, Tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which is more difficult to kill. epidermis **Ans**The outer layer of the skin eponychium **Ans**living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area. ethmoid bone **Ans**Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities. eumelanin **Ans**Melanin that give brown and black color to hair Excretory System **Ans**group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter exothermic waves **Ans**chemical waving reaction that produces heat extensors **Ans**muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line FDA- Food and drug administration **Ans**Prohibits sale of antifungal products for finger and toenails without a medical prescription. f ifth cranial nerve **Ans**largest cranial nerve; cheif sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve of muscles that control chewing. consists of three branches: ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary f lexors **Ans**Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist follicle **Ans**tube like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root Form **Ans**mass or general outline of a hairstyle fragilitas cranium **Ans**technical term for brittle hair free edge **Ans**part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe Frontal bone **Ans**forms the forehead furnucle **Ans**boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle Galvanic and Tesla **Ans**two main modalities used in cosmetology glyceryl monothioglycolate **Ans**the primary reducing agent in all acid waves graduation **Ans**created by elevation; creates layers Guideline **Ans**section of the hair that determines the length the hair will be cut hair bulb **Ans**lowest part of a hair strand, the thickened club shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root Heart **Ans**Circulates the blood Horizontal **Ans**Lines that create width hydrogen bond **Ans**a weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat. hydrophilic **Ans**means water-loving hypertrichosis **Ans**condition of abnormal hair growth, characterized by the growth of teminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair hyponychium **Ans**thickened stratum corneum of the epidermis that lies underneath the free edge of the nail Immunity **Ans**ability of the body to destroy and resist infection Infrared rays **Ans**invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light Insertion **Ans**part of the muscle at the more movable attachments to the skeleton Integumentary System **Ans**Serves as a protective covering and helps in regulating the body's temperature; consists of skin, accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails. Inverted triangle **Ans**Facial contour that is wide at the forehead and narrow at the chin Iontophoresis **Ans**process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine kilowatt **Ans**a unit of power equal to 1000 watts lacrimal bones **Ans**Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets). latissimus dorsi **Ans**Broad, Flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back. Controls swinging movements of the arm. Line **Ans**form and space, creates the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle lipophilic **Ans**means oil-loving Lungs **Ans**Supply Oxygen to the blood lunula **Ans**visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin lymph vascular system **Ans**acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph, lymphatics, and lymph nodes macule **Ans**a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated mandible **Ans**lower jaw bone matrix **Ans**where the natural nail is formed Matter **Ans**any substance that occupies space and has mass maxillae bone **Ans**bones of the upper jaw medulla **Ans**innermost layer of the hair Melanin **Ans**tiny grains of pigment in hair and skin melanocytes **Ans**cells that contain melanin - give skin color Metabolism **Ans**set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes milliampere **Ans**one thousandth of an ampere Mitosis **Ans**The reproduction process in which cells divide into two identical cells called daughter cells. monilethrix **Ans**technical term for beaded hair MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet **Ans**Information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of harm and over exposure, flammability and dada incase of fire, proper disposal guidelines and medical information in case a reaction to product occurs. Muscular System **Ans**Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue; also contracts and moves various parts of the body Nail bed **Ans**portion of the skin that the nail plate sits on nail plate **Ans**The most visible and functional part of the nail module Nail wraps **Ans**nail enhancements made by using nail-size pieces of cloth or paper Nape **Ans**area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone nervous System **Ans**controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Notching **Ans**a more aggressive, version of point cutting. Creates a chunkier effect. Nucleus **Ans**The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Oblong **Ans**Facial contour that is long, narrow, with hollow cheeks Occipital bone **Ans**Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull Occipital bone **Ans**hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape. ohm **Ans**The unit of measure of electrical resistance. orbicularis oculi muscle **Ans**ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes Origin **Ans**Part of the muscle that does not move and is attached to the skeleton, and is usually part of the skeletal muscle. OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration **Ans**regulates and enforces safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place. Oval **Ans**Facial contour that is about 1 1/2 times linger thant its width across the brow papillary layer **Ans**outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis papule **Ans**Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. Parasites **Ans**plant or animal organisms that live on, or in, another living organism and draw their nourishment from that organism. Must have a host to survive. Parietal bones **Ans**bones that form the sides and top of the cranium Parietal ridge **Ans**widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown pediculosis capitis **Ans**infestation of the scalp with lice pH scale **Ans**measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance phalanges **Ans**bones of the fingers and toes pheomelanin **Ans**melanin that provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones Pityriasis **Ans**technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells. Pityriasis capitis simples **Ans**Is the technical term for classic dandruff characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and an itchy scalp. Polymerization **Ans**a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound polypeptide chains **Ans**a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (makes up the cortex); cross-linked by 3 different types of side bonds (hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds) which hold keratin f ibers in place porosity **Ans**ability of the hair to absorb moisture postpartum alopecia **Ans**temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy procerus muscle **Ans**Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose. pronators **Ans**muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony **Ans**5 important principles in art and design Protoplasm **Ans**colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present pustule **Ans**a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus radius bone **Ans**lower arm bone thumb side, next to ulna, only bone in body that can twist round another w/o breaking Reference points **Ans**points on the head mark where the surface of the head changes, such as the ears, jaw line, occipital bone, or apex respiratory system **Ans**system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs reticular layer **Ans**the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients Round **Ans**Facial contour that has a round hairline and round chin; wide face salt bond **Ans**another weak side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions Sanitation **Ans**removing all visible dirt and debris scabies **Ans**a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite scapula **Ans**either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings scissor over comb **Ans**technique that involves holding the comb in place while using the tips of the shears to remove length sebaceous glands **Ans**oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles Skeletal system **Ans**the physical foundation of the body. It is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shame and are connected by moveable and immovable joints. Skin **Ans**forms external protective covering of the body slicing **Ans**technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair slide cutting **Ans**method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length slithering **Ans**the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears space **Ans**area surrounding the form sphenoid bone **Ans**joins all of the bones of the cranium together Square **Ans**Facial contour that is wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face, and squared off at the jaw. stationary guideline **Ans**guideline that does not move Sterilization **Ans**complete elimination of all microbial life, including spores. Only necessary when instruments have come in contact with blood. Straight **Ans**the "ideal" facial profile stratum corneum **Ans**horny layer, the outer layer of the epidermis stratum granulosum **Ans**granular layer, consists of cells that look like distinct granules; these are almost dead and pushed to the surface to shed stratum lucidum **Ans**clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface stratum spinosum **Ans**Spiny layer, just above the basal cell layer. Causes skin to shed supinator **Ans**muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward surfactants **Ans**substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify telogen **Ans**phase that is also known as the resting phase and is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the the fully grown hair is shed Temporal bones **Ans**bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region terminal hair **Ans**long hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies texture **Ans**thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand Texture, Density, porosity, elasticity, growth pattern **Ans**5 characteristics to look for during a hair analysis thio neutralization **Ans**stops the action of the waving solution, and rebuilds that hair into its new form thorax **Ans**the chest; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs Tinea **Ans**medical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by fungal infection Tinea Capitis **Ans**fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots at the opening of hair follicles Tinea favosa **Ans**fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp, called scatula Tissue **Ans**group of similar cells that perform a particular function traveling guideline **Ans**guideline that moves Triangular **Ans**Facial contour that has a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line Trichology **Ans**the scientific study of the hair, it's deseases, and its care is trichoptilosis **Ans**technical term for split ends trichorrhexis nodosa **Ans**knotted hair, characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft tubercle **Ans**Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule. tumor **Ans**an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose turbinal bones **Ans**thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression ulna **Ans**the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm Universal Precautions **Ans**a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. vellus hair **Ans**non-pigmented hair that is short, fine and downy Vertical **Ans**Lines that create length and height vesicle **Ans**Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. Viruses **Ans**microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria. Visible light **Ans**Rays that are the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments volt **Ans**unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor Volume **Ans**Light colors and warm colors create this illusion watt **Ans**Measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second wheal **Ans**Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle.