Complete Study Set :State boards Cosmetology Michigan Final Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release

Complete Study Set :State boards Cosmetology Michigan Final Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2024/2025 Latest Release What is the primary governing body for cosmetology licensing in Michigan? **ANS** The Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA). What are the requirements to become a licensed cosmetologist in Michigan? **ANS** Applicants must complete a state-approved cosmetology program and pass both written and practical exams. How many hours of training are required for a cosmetology license in Michigan? **ANS** A total of 1,500 hours of training is required. Can you take the cosmetology licensing exam before completing your training hours in Michigan? **ANS** No, you must complete all training hours before taking the exam. What is the purpose of the written exam for cosmetology licensing in Michigan? **ANS** To assess knowledge of cosmetology theory, safety, and state laws. What is the practical exam designed to test for aspiring cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** It tests hands-on skills in various cosmetology techniques. How often must cosmetologists renew their licenses in Michigan? **ANS** Every two years. 1 Are there continuing education requirements for licensed cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** No continuing education is required for renewal, but staying updated on trends and techniques is recommended. What happens if a cosmetologist practices without a valid license in Michigan? **ANS** They may face fines, penalties, and possible criminal charges. How can one verify if a cosmetology license is valid in Michigan? **ANS** Through the LARA website's license lookup tool. Is there a specific age requirement to apply for a cosmetology license in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, applicants must be at least 17 years old. Can out-of-state cosmetology licenses be transferred to Michigan? **ANS** Yes, but the applicant must meet Michigan's requirements and may need to take an exam. What types of specialties can licensed cosmetologists pursue in Michigan? **ANS** Specialties include hair styling, esthetics, nail technology, and makeup artistry. Are there different licensing requirements for hair stylists and estheticians in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, each specialty has its own training and exam requirements. What is the role of the State Board of Cosmetology in Michigan? **ANS** To regulate the practice, set standards, and ensure public safety. Can cosmetology students work in salons before getting their license in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, but they must be supervised and comply with state regulations. How long does it typically take to complete a cosmetology program in Michigan? 2 **ANS** Most programs take about 9 to 12 months to complete. What is the cost associated with taking the cosmetology licensing exams in Michigan? **ANS** Fees vary but typically include application and exam costs. Are there scholarships available for students pursuing cosmetology in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, various organizations and schools offer scholarships for cosmetology students. What resources are available for exam preparation for aspiring cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** Study guides, practice tests, and review courses are commonly available. Is a high school diploma required to enroll in a cosmetology program in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, a high school diploma or equivalent is typically required. How can cosmetologists stay updated with changes in state laws and regulations in Michigan? **ANS** By regularly checking LARA updates and participating in professional organizations. What are some common violations that could lead to disciplinary action for cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** Common violations include practicing without a license, hygiene violations, and unprofessional conduct. Can cosmetologists in Michigan perform services outside of their licensed specialty? **ANS** No, they must adhere to the services specified in their license. What is the process for filing a complaint against a licensed cosmetologist in Michigan? **ANS** Complaints can be filed through the LARA website or by contacting their office directly. Are there special considerations for cosmetologists who want to open their own salon in Michigan? 3 **ANS** Yes, they must obtain a salon license, meet health and safety regulations, and comply with local zoning laws. How can cosmetology students find internships or job placements in Michigan? **ANS** Through school resources, job boards, and networking with local salons. What are some popular trends in the cosmetology industry in Michigan right now? **ANS** Sustainable beauty practices, inclusivity in services, and advanced hair coloring techniques. Is it possible to pursue advanced certifications after becoming a licensed cosmetologist in Michigan? **ANS** Yes, many advanced certifications and specializations are available. What role does social media play in the marketing strategies of cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** Social media is crucial for building a brand, showcasing work, and connecting with clients. How does the cosmetology industry in Michigan compare to other states in terms of regulations? **ANS** Regulations can vary significantly, but Michigan has comprehensive requirements for training and licensing. What impact has the COVID-19 pandemic had on cosmetology practices in Michigan? **ANS** Increased sanitation measures, changes in client interactions, and a shift to virtual consultations. How can aspiring cosmetologists network with professionals in Michigan? **ANS** Through industry events, beauty expos, and local cosmetology associations. What are the career advancement opportunities for licensed cosmetologists in Michigan? **ANS** Opportunities include salon management, teaching, and specializing in specific beauty services. Cocci are bacteria that are **Ans**Round-shaped 4 Which type of bacteria can cause strep throat or blood poisoning? **Ans**Streptococci Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are **Ans**Diplococci Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corckscrew-shaped bacteria are called **Ans**Spirilla A bacteria mycobacterium fortuitum caused a client outbreak due to the failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for: **Ans**Whirlpool foot spas Bacteria generally consists of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called **Ans**Protoplasm The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce, and divide into two new cells is **Ans**Binary fission The presence of pus is a sign of: **Ans**Bacterial infection A (blank) infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular part of the body. **Ans**Local Condition caused bf an infestation of head lice **Ans**Pediculosis capitis The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection is called **Ans**Immunity Disinfectants used in salons must carry a(n) (blank) registration number **Ans**Environmental protection agency (epa) Which agency publishes the guidelines know as universal precautions **Ans**OSHA A salon implement that accidentally comes in contact with blood or body fluids must be thoroughly cleaned and: **Ans**Completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant 5 Disinfectants with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin and eyes are: **Ans**Phenolic disinfectants When washing your hands, apply soap, lather, and scrub your hands and under the free edges of nails with a nail brush for at least: **Ans**1 minute Antiseptics are effective for: **Ans**Killing germs on the hands Universal precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for: **Ans**Blood borne pathogens When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client you must circulate the disinfectant for (blank) **Ans**10 minutes You should clean a whirlpool foot spa and live disinfectant solution in overnight **Ans**At least once a week After cleaning and disinfecting a pipe-less foot spa at the end of the day, how should you dry it? **Ans**With a clean paper towel Which form of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface? **Ans**Hepatitis B Accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or AHP , is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every: **Ans**14 days It is important to wear (blank) while disinfecting nonelectrical tools and implements **Ans**Gloves Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by the **Ans**State Some (blank) disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipment **Ans**Tuberculocidal 6 As a cosmetologist, you are (blank) to recommend treatments for diseases **Ans**Not allowed Cosmetologists are not allowed to trim or cut living skin around : **Ans**Any part of the nail Fungal infections are much more common on the (blank) than on the hands **Ans**Feet A surface must. E properly cleaned before it can be: **Ans**Disinfected Sterilization is the most reliable means of: **Ans**Infection control If the label on a disinfection product included the word concentrate, it means that the product must be: **Ans**Diluted before use Quat solutions are (blank) disinfectants when used properly in the salon. **Ans**Very effective Using (blank) bleach can damage metal and plastic. **Ans**Too much Fumigants are (blank) in Salons because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas **Ans**No longer used Never let disinfectants such as phenols and quats come in contact with your **Ans**Skin Items that are (blank) are also considered absorbent **Ans**Porous Salons should keep a (blank) that identifies each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned, disinfected, tested, and maintained **Ans**Logbook There is no additive, powder, or tablet that eliminates the need for you to (blank) equipment such as whirlpool spas **Ans**Clean and disinfect 7 Not having (blank) available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations **Ans**MSDSs Antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps are (blank) than regular soaps or detergents **Ans**No more affective than The (blank) include hand washing, wearing gloves, and properly handling and disposing of items that may have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids **Ans**Universal precautions After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a: **Ans**Clean covered container When cleaning and disinfecting a (blank) remove them impeller, footplate, and and other removable parts. **Ans**Pipe-less foot spa At the end of every day, you should properly clean the nonwhirlpool foot basin or tub and then add the appropriate amount of disinfectants and let it soak for: **Ans**10 minutes Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump soap, water and a: **Ans**Clean disinfected nail brush Something caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection is called: **Ans**Infectious The one-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called **Ans**Bacteria The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is known as (blank) transmission **Ans**Direct Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with a(n) (blank), such as a razor or an environmental surface, is indirect transmission. **Ans**Intermediate Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called: **Ans**Toxins 8 A disease that is spread by contact from one person to another person is a(n) : **Ans**Contagious disease A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another is a(n): **Ans**Infectious disease The scientific name for plantar warts **Ans**Human papilloma virus (hpv) Any organism or microscopic to submicroscopic size is a(n): **Ans**Microorganism The removal of potentially infectious materials on an items surface and the removal of visible debris or residue is called **Ans**Decontamination A(n) (blank) disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning of internal glands or organs **Ans**Systemic The determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and / or tests is a(n) **Ans**Diagnosis A(n) (blank) is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation or infection **Ans**Inflammation A parasitic disease is caused by **Ans**Parasites A (n) (blank) is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in calls of biological organisms and is capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproduction function **Ans**Virus A virus that causes aids **Ans**Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Contact with nonintact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employees duties is a(n): **Ans**Exposure incident 9 Scientific name for barbers itch **Ans**Tinea barbae Organisms that grow feed and find shelter on or in another organism without contributing to the survival of the organism are **Ans**Parasites The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of potentially infectious materials on an items surface or viable debris or residues is called: **Ans**Contamination The term (blank) describes a ringworm fungus of the foot **Ans**Tinea pedis A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n): **Ans**Allergy A(n) (blank) is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses fungi and parasites **Ans**Pathogenic disease Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment are: **Ans**Occupational disease A(n) (blank) is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs or hat makes the body incapable of functioning normally **Ans**Disease The basic unit of all living things is the **Ans**Cell A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis is a: **Ans**vesicle A(n) ______ is a crack in the skin that penetrated the dermis **Ans**Fissure The sense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is **Ans**The nucleus A ____ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours **Ans**wheal 10 Human cells reproduce by mitosis dividing into two identical cells called: **Ans**daughter cells The contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions is: **Ans**Impetigo The (blank) is the protoplasm of a cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus **Ans**Cytoplasm The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called **Ans**metabolism A(n) _____ is a slightly raises mark in the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. **Ans**Scar The constructive phase of metabolism is called: **Ans**anabolism Foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria is: **Ans**bromhidrosis Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body? **Ans**muscle tissue Any flat spot or discoloration on the skin left after a pimple has healed is a: **Ans**macule Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and respiratory organs? **Ans**epithelial tissue A ____ is a large, protruding, pocket like lesion filled with sebum. **Ans**sebaceous cyst The connection between two or more bones is called a: **Ans**joint The (blank) is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee **Ans**Tibia 11 A pustule is raised, inflamed pimple containing ___ in the top of the lesion. **Ans**pus Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the: **Ans**epidermis The oval, bong case that protects the brain is the: **Ans**Cranium The best defense against pollutants is to: **Ans**follow a good daily skin care routine People have ___ over the extrinsic factors that affect aging, but not the intrinsic factors. **Ans**considerable control The maxillae bones form the: **Ans**upper jaw Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the: **Ans**follicles Acne is affected by both genetic and _____ factors. **Ans**hormonal The bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium are the: **Ans**Parietal bones Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the ___ gland. **Ans**sebaceous The inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the: **Ans**ulna A(n) ___ is a type of keratoma. **Ans**callus The term ____ refers to an abnormal coloration that accompanies a skin disorder or systemic disorder **Ans**dyschromia The foot is made up of how many bones? **Ans**26 12 A skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous gland is: **Ans**Seborrheic dermatitis Which muscles are known as the smooth muscles? **Ans**Non striated muscles A cosmetologists must not serve a client who is suffering from an inflamed skin disorder, regardless of a whether it is infectious, unless the client: **Ans**Has a physicians note permitting the client to receive services What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised? **Ans**malignant melanoma The part of the muscle that does not move is the: **Ans**origin The absence of melanin pigment from the body and skin sensitivity to light are signs of : **Ans**albinism A ___ is an abnormal brown or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. **Ans**stain The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the: **Ans**epicranius Which of these is an uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin, characterized by inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching? **Ans**eczema An open comedo is commonly known as a: **Ans**blackhead The heart is the organ that circulates the body's: **Ans**blood The (blank) are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line. **Ans**Extensors 13 The organs that excretes water and waste products are the; **Ans**kidneys Keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings are: **Ans**Milia The lungs supply ___ to the blood. **Ans**Oxygen The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the: **Ans**adductors The ____ is the organ that removes waste created by digestion **Ans**liver Which of these terms refers to thin dry or oily plates of epidermal flakes? **Ans**scales The _______ covers the body and is the external protective coating **Ans**skin A ___ is an abnormal rounded solid lump larger than a papule and located above, within, or under the skin. **Ans**tubercle The ______ are the organs that digest food **Ans**intestines and stomach The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the: **Ans**peripheral nervous system The ___ system controls the steady movement of the blood through the body. **Ans**circulatory It is recommended that you wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an spf of at least ___ on a daily basis. **Ans**15 The ____ system changes food into nutrients and wastes **Ans**digestive 14 approximately ____ % of skin aging is caused by rays of the sun. **Ans**80-85% The _____ system affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body **Ans**endocrine Sensory nerve endings called ___ are located close the surface of the skin. **Ans**receptors The ___ system purifies the body by the elimination of waste matter **Ans**Excretory The layer of the epidermis also known as the basal cell layer is the : **Ans**stratum germinativum The ____ system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body's temperature **Ans**Integumentary The largest artery in the human body is the: **Ans**aorta The ______ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease casing toxins and bacteria. **Ans**Lymphatic A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is: **Ans**sebum The ______ system covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue **Ans**muscular The layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells filled with keratin is the: **Ans**stratum granulosum The _____ system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring **Ans**reproductive The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: **Ans**ulnar and radial arteries 15 The ___ system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product. **Ans**respiratory The outer layer of the epidermis is the ___ layer. **Ans**papillary The ___ system forms the physical foundation of the body. **Ans**skeletal The outer layer of the epidermis is the ___ layer. **Ans**papillary The study of the human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is: **Ans**anatomy The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot divides into two separate arteries known as the: **Ans**anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the: **Ans**body's structures An inflamed pimple containing pus is a: **Ans**pustule The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or: **Ans**microscopic anatomy The ____ is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists **Ans**Procerus Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the: **Ans**nervous system Fatty tissue found below the dermis is _____ tissue. **Ans**subcutaneous The study of the nature, structure, function and diseases of the muscles is: **Ans**Myology 16 A small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a: **Ans**papule Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the: **Ans**bones The mental nerve affects the skin of the **Ans**lower lip and chin A(n) ___ is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. **Ans**dermatologist The coiled base of the sudoriferous gland is known as the: **Ans**secretory coil Healthy skin is: **Ans**smooth with a fine-grained texture The _______ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face **Ans**seventh Appendages of the skin **Ans**Sudoriferous glands Ceruminous glands Sebaceous glands Hair Nails The layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins is the: **Ans**stratum spinosum the layers of the skin and fat from the outmost layer to the innermost layer? **Ans**Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous The greater occipital never is located at the ______ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head **Ans**Back 17 Calls that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the **Ans**Stratum corneum Small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are: **Ans**dermal papillae The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the **Ans**papillary layer The median nerve supplies impulses to the: **Ans**arm, hand Which type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion? **Ans**subcutaneous tissue Lack of water is the principal cause of **Ans**daytime fatigue The appropriate amount of water that a person should drink each day is determined by the persons **Ans**weight The deep peroneal nerve is located in the: **Ans**front of leg Vitamin pills are considered: **Ans**nutritional supplements The USDA recommends that people eat: **Ans**moderate amounts of salt and sugar Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in: **Ans**only one direction To function correctly the body needs: **Ans**carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the: **Ans**right atrium 18 Emotional stress and hormone imbalances can increase the flow of: **Ans**sebum White blood cells are also known as: **Ans**leukocytes One of the best ways to follow a healthy diet is to read: **Ans**food labels It is ___ for a cosmetologist to completely remove a client's callus in the salon. **Ans**prohibited Blood ___ the body's temperature. **Ans**plays a role in equalizing The scalp has larger and deeper ___ than the skin on the rest of the body. **Ans**hair follicles The _________ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye **Ans**infraorbital artery The epidermis is the _____ layer of the skin **Ans**thinnest Which vitamin accelerates the skin's healing processing and is vitally important in fighting the aging process? **Ans**Vitamin C The ______ drains the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid **Ans**lymphatic system To keep your body healthy, you must be sure that what you eat: **Ans**regulates the function of your cells The ______ is a gland of the endocrine system that secretes enzyme producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins and fats **Ans**pancreas The sudoriferous glands do not: **Ans**secrete a lubricating substance 19 The ______ glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response. **Ans**adrenal Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from: **Ans**collagen and elastin The amount and type of pigment produced by an individual is determined primarily by his or her: **Ans**genes Digestive _______ are chemicals that change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body. **Ans**enzymes Basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by: **Ans**nerve endings The organ that controls the body is the: **Ans**brain Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum are: **Ans**secretory nerve fibers Which nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles? **Ans**motor nerve fibers The organs that control the body's vision are the: **Ans**Eyes The acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin is: **Ans**miliaria rubra A normal, healthy nail: **Ans**is shiny The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the: **Ans**nail bed The ____ is the whitish, half-moon shaped at the base of the nail **Ans**Lunula 20 The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the: **Ans**free edge A ____ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place **Ans**ligament The ____ is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail. **Ans**sidewall After an injury, infection, or disease, the natural nail will return to its healthy growth as long as the _______ is healthy and undamaged. **Ans**matrix Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about: **Ans**4-6 months The finger nail on the ____ typically grows slowest. **Ans**thumb The nail has water content between: **Ans**15 and 25 percent The natural nail is an appendage of the: **Ans**skin The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the: **Ans**body The _____ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through **Ans**nail plate The matrix contains: **Ans**nerves, lymph, and blood vessels Tissue that adheres directly to the natural nail plate but which can be easily removed with gentle scraping is: **Ans**cuticle Cosmetologists are allowed to _____ the eponychium **Ans**to push back 21 The _____ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed. **Ans**matrix Cuticle moisturizers, softeners, and conditioners are not designed to treat the: **Ans**cuticle The dead colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is known as the: **Ans**nail cuticle The slightly thickened layer of the skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate is the: **Ans**hyponychium Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the f ingernail. **Ans**matrix The thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed is: **Ans**bed epithelium Unlike healthy hair, healthy nails are not ___ periodically. **Ans**shed The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the: **Ans**eponychium It takes about ___ for toenails to be fully replaced. **Ans**nine months to one year. A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible and should be: **Ans**smooth and unspotted The technical term for beaded hair is **Ans**Monilethrix A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is: **Ans**scabies The _____ is the lowest part of the hair strand. **Ans**hair bulb 22 The naturally occurring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control is: **Ans**Malassezia If a client has ridges running vertically down the length of the natural nail plate, it is recommended that you: **Ans**buff them carefully Hypertrichosis is also known as: **Ans**hirsuties Total scalp hair loss is known as: **Ans**alopecia totalis The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is: **Ans**tinea pedis Hair is approximately ___ percent protein. **Ans**90 A ___ bond is a physical bond easily broken by water or heat. **Ans**Hydrogen A typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a ____ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages **Ans**yellow-green The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the _____ glands. **Ans**sebaceous The ____ is the outermost layer of hair **Ans**Hair cuticle The separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed is a sign of **Ans**Onychomadesis Coarse hair: **Ans**is stronger than fine hair Fine hair is: **Ans**More fragile A carbuncle is similar to a furuncle, but is: **Ans**larger 23 Which of the following does not cause onychorrhexis ? **Ans**insufficient use of cuticle removers The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called: **Ans**pediculosis capitis Tinea is characterized by: **Ans**itching Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of which condition. **Ans**nail psoriasis The most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services is: **Ans**tinea barbae Dandruff is believed to be caused by a: **Ans**fungus The term ___ refers to a condition caused by injury or disease of the nail unit. **Ans**nail disorder Dandruff can be easily mistaken for: **Ans**dry scalp Congenital canities manifests: **Ans**at or before birth Splinter hemorrhages are caused by physical trauma or injury to the: **Ans**nail bed Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for hair loss that is meant for: **Ans**men only By age 35, almost ___ percent of both men and women show some degree of hair loss. **Ans**40 Nail fungi can be transmitted through____ instruments **Ans**Contaminated Bald men are commonly perceived as: **Ans**less successful 24 Cross-sections of hair: **Ans**can be almost any shape Onychomadesis can affect **Ans**both fingernails and toenails. Compared to pigmented hair, gray hair is: **Ans**neither coarser nor more resistant Scalp massage ___ hair growth. **Ans**does not affect A cosmetologist can disobey state or federal rules and regulations: **Ans**Under no circumstances The ____ phase signals the end of the growth phase **Ans**Catagen Scalp hair grows ___ on women than on men. **Ans**faster Which condition is characterized by nails that are noticeably thin, flexible, and white? **Ans**Eggshell nails The anegen phase generally lasts from three to five : **Ans**Years Salt bonds account for about ___ of the hair's overall strength. **Ans**one third Which of the following is not a common cause of surface stains on nails? **Ans**Poor blood circulation The body can produce 11 of the 20 ___ that make up hair. **Ans**amino acids Medical term for dandruff **Ans**Pityriasis 25 The condition in which a blood clot forms under the nails plate, causing a dark purplish spot is: **Ans**Bruised nails A condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is: **Ans**Hypertrichosis The technical term to describe gray hair is: **Ans**Canities The condition in which the living skin around the nail splits and tears is: **Ans**hangnail The average growth of healthy scalp hair is: **Ans**1 inch (2.5 cm) per month The growth phase during which new hair is produced is: **Ans**Anagen The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is: **Ans**Onycholysis Which type of hair almost never has a medulla? **Ans**vellus Oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly washing it: **Ans**with normalizing shampoo The term ___ refers to a significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails **Ans**Melanonychia Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to ___ of its original length. **Ans**50 percent Compared to hair with high porosity, chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require: **Ans**more alkaline solutions A sharp bend in one corner of the nail plate creating increased curvature is symptomatic of: **Ans**pilcatured nails 26 The measurement of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 centimeters) of the scalp is: **Ans**hair density Hair texture is classified as: **Ans**coarse, medium, or fine Depressions running across the width of the nail plate are: **Ans**Beau's lines To minimize tangled in extremely curly hair when washing you should use : **Ans**A detangling rinse Asians tend to have: **Ans**extremely straight hair The scientific study of hair, it's diseases and care is called: **Ans**Trichology Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? **Ans**Pheomelanin The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are called: **Ans**peptide bonds The two parts of a mature strand of human hair art the **Ans**Hair and hair shaft The five main elements that make up the chemical composition of human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and: **Ans**nitrogen and sulfur The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is: **Ans**keratinization The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the: **Ans**follicle The medulla is composed of ____ cells. **Ans**round 27 For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have: **Ans**an alkaline pH Hair follicles are not found on the **Ans**soles of feet An oily substance secreted from the sebaceous glands is: **Ans**sebum The _____ is a tiny involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle **Ans**arrector pili The term for the spiral shape of a coiled protein is **Ans**helix Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair on the head: **Ans**has no effect on hair growth Dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp are called: **Ans**scutula The ______ are part of the integumentary system **Ans**hair, skin, nails, and glands A tuft of hair that stands straight up is a: **Ans**cowlick The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs arms, and bodies of males and females is called ___. **Ans**terminal hair The technical term for knotted hair: **Ans**trichorrhexis nodosa The ______ is the innermost layer of the hair **Ans**medulla Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head is called: **Ans**whorl The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the: **Ans**hair root 28 The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called: **Ans**hair porosity The middle layer of the hair is the: **Ans**cortex An autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system is: **Ans**alopecia areata Vellus hair is also known as: **Ans**lanugo hair The medical term for ringworm is: **Ans**Tinea Organic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element? **Ans**Hydrogen A(n) _______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance without loss of identity **Ans**element Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms a(n): **Ans**molecule A(n) _____ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances **Ans**solution A(n) _______ is a substance dissolved into a solution **Ans**solute Liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered: **Ans**immiscible Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as: **Ans**suspensions A(n) ______ is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder. **Ans**emulsion 29 A _______ is a substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify **Ans**surfactant The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil loving or: **Ans**lipophilic A molecule that carries an electric charge is called an: **Ans**Ion Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) **Ans**are used to exfoliate the skin An exothermic chemical reaction: **Ans**Releases heat A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be **Ans**acidic Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they: **Ans**produce less odor Which of these is composed of organic chemicals and which is not **Ans**Organic chemicals: synthetic fabrics, shampoos, pesticides Not: minerals The ___ end of a surfactant molecule is oil-attracting **Ans**Lipophilic Used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation **Ans**Scalp astringent lotion Which of the following substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture? **Ans**Humectants A pH-balanced shampoo has a pH in the range of: **Ans**4.5 to 5.5 30 Small amounts of chlorine can be added to the water to: **Ans**Kill bacteria Which of the following is classified as a universal solvent? **Ans**Water The square face shape: **Ans**Is narrow at the middle third of the face. Lines with a definite forward or backward movement are _____ lines **Ans**Directional Parallel lines can be: **Ans**Straight or curved To create width in hair design use: **Ans**Horizontal lines To create length and height in hair design use: **Ans**Vertical lines If a male client has a __, a fairly close-trimmed beard and mustache would be very thinning to the overall appearance. **Ans**A wide face and full cheeks For a client with a ____ nose bring the hair forward at the forehead, with softness around the face **Ans**prominent For a client with a _______ the hair should be directed forward in the chin area **Ans**receding chin For a client with_______, you should direct the hair back and away from the face and temples **Ans**Close set eyes. The ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin. **Ans**convex Which of these is not a physical characteristic taken into account when designing an artistic and suitable hairstyle? **Ans**age 31 Design texture can be created temporarily with the use of: **Ans**heat and/ or wet styling techniques The ____ profile has a receding forehead and chin. **Ans**convex To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to: **Ans**create volume between the temples and jaw I'm designing for clients with large or broad shoulders, the stylist should create styles with: **Ans**More volume A device that works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses at precise depths of the skin tissue is a(n): **Ans**Light Emitting Diode Thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments is called: **Ans**Tesla high-frequency current A medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat such conditions as excessive hair and spider veins is a(n): **Ans**Intense pulse light An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses is: **Ans**Microcurrent Constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body is known as _______ current. **Ans**Galvanic All lasers work by a process known as selective: **Ans**photothermolysis Catalysts are substances that speed up: **Ans**chemical reactions UVC light: **Ans**Is blocked by the ozone layer 32 Elemental molecules contain two or more _____ of the same element in definite proportions. **Ans**atoms Invisible light is the light at either end of the _____ that is invisible to the naked eye. **Ans**visible spectrum of light vapor is a(n) ____ that has evaporated into a gas-like state: **Ans**liquid wavelength is the distance between successive peaks of ____ waves. **Ans**electromagnetic Only licensed professionals can use: **Ans**light therapy equipment An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases **Ans**Oxygen Microcurrent can be used to _____ and restore elasticity **Ans**increase in muscle tone When using _____, the active electrode is the electrode used in the area to be treated. **Ans**Galvanic current Pure substances **Ans**have unique chemical and physical properties All the electrical appliances you use should: **Ans**be UL certified Grounding completes an ______ and carries the current safely away **Ans**electric circuit Calamine lotion is an example of a(n): **Ans**suspension A process that forces an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole is called: **Ans**Anaphoresis 33 Water-in-oil emulsions feel ______ than oil-in-water emulsions. **Ans**greasier Negative electrode of an electro therapy device is called a(n): **Ans**cathode A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric current at the first indication of an overload is a(n): **Ans**circuit breaker A common use of _____ is raising the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft. **Ans**ammonia The device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit is called a(n): **Ans**fuse volatile organic compounds contain ______ and evaporate very easily **Ans**Carbon Which unit measures the resistance of an electric current? **Ans**Ohm The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor is a(n): **Ans**volt Which of these types of products has no pH? **Ans**oils The term _____ refers to a rapid and interrupted current that flows in one direction then in the opposite direction **Ans**alternating current The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is: **Ans**oxidization A _____ is a device that changes direct current to alternating current **Ans**converter 34 Electric wires are usually covered with a rubber substance that is used as a(n): **Ans**insulator The term logarithm means multiples of: **Ans**10 The flow of electricity along a conductor is called a(n): **Ans**electric current Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are: **Ans**physical properties The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance via a chemical reaction is: **Ans**reduction Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light is; **Ans**combustion The ______ is the smallest chemical component of an element. **Ans**atom Any substance that occupies space and has mass is: **Ans**matter A physical combination of matter in any proportions is a: **Ans**physical mixture Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical change in the substance are: **Ans**chemical properties chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n): **Ans**pure substance The natural pH of hair is: **Ans**5.0 The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the: **Ans**Cortex 35 The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is: **Ans**Curl re formation In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the: **Ans**Size of the rod The technique of wrapping a 90-degree angle or straight out from the center is **Ans**Half off-base placement The two basic types of wrapping hair around a perm rod are the spiral method and **Ans**Croquignole method A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of: **Ans**Oxygen Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between: **Ans**9.0 and 9.6 The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator, and: **Ans**Neutralizer An endothermic wave must be activated using a(n) **Ans**Outside heat source Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of **Ans**5 minutes Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above: **Ans**10 Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a(n): **Ans**acid-balanced shampoo Which type of relaxer contains one component and is used without any additional mixing? **Ans**metal hydroxide relaxers Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as: **Ans**no-lye relaxers 36 Which type of rod is also commonly known as a circle rod? **Ans**loop rods For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a ___ angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. **Ans**45 degree Which of these permanent waves processes at room temperature? **Ans**ammonia-free wave Chemical texturizers __ the pH of the hair. **Ans**raise When should you perform an elasticity test? **Ans**before perming the hair Porous hair: **Ans**can be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution GMTG, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves, has: **Ans**low pH True acid waves **Ans**Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves. ammonia-free waves: **Ans**can be damaging In permanent waving the most of the processing takes place within: **Ans**5-10 minutes With permanent waving, it is recommended that you: **Ans**examine the scalp before the perm service With extremely curly hair the twists are the ______ section's of the hair stands. **Ans**Thinnest and weakest. Relaxers are: **Ans**extremely alkaline 37 If the clients hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer it: **Ans**will not hold a curl A ___ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped. **Ans**Double flat wrap Which type of rods are usually about 12-inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length? **Ans**soft bender rods Thioglycolic acid **Ans**is a common reducing agent The ____ is the innermost layer of the hair **Ans**medulla The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap? **Ans**curvature permanent wrap The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called **Ans**peptide bonds A _____ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. **Ans**Spiral perm wrap Which of these is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing **Ans**Japanese thermal straightening Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer? **Ans**base relaxer The middle layer of the hair is the: **Ans**cortex Cosmetologists are only allowed to use products that remove surface dead cells from the: **Ans**Stratum corneum 38 The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the: **Ans**cortex Mid strength relaxers are formulated for: **Ans**fine, color-treated, or damaged hair Japanese thermal straightening **Ans**is sometimes called thermal reconditioning When rinsing the hair for a permanent wave, it is recommended that you: **Ans**always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed What is the most common neutralizer **Ans**hydrogen peroxide Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair? **Ans**true acid wave A(n) ___ uses an endothermic process. **Ans**low-pH wave Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the the rod is positioned to the head? **Ans**base direction Which of these is not one of the three main components of exothermic wave? **Ans**Concentrator A ________ is wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the bake ends like an envelope **Ans**Bookend wrap Most of the acid waves found in todays salons have a pH between **Ans**7.8 and 8.2 A ___ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases. **Ans**basic permanent wrap A pH of 7.0 is ___ than the pH of hair. **Ans**100 times more alkaline 39 Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in them: **Ans**neither swells the hair nor penetrates into the cortex Which of the following are commonly knows as lye relaxers? **Ans**Sodium hydroxide relaxers The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as: **Ans**thio Hydrogen bonds can be broken by: **Ans**either water or heat Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area? **Ans**straight rods The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called: **Ans**lanthionization A ___ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft. **Ans**piggyback wrap Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as: **Ans**polypeptide chains Which of these stops the action of the waving solutions and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form? **Ans**Thio neutralization 40