TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition by Tommie L Norris All Chapters 1 - 52

Porth's9Essentials9of9Pathophysiology9/9Edition959by9Tommie9L9Norr is9Table9of9Content Chapter 1-- Concepts of Health and Disease Chapter 2 -- Cell and Tissue Characteristics Chapter 3 -- Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death Chapter 4 -- Genetic Control of Cell Function and InheritanceChapter 5 -- Genetic and Congenital Disorders Chapter 6 -- Neoplasia Chapter 7 -- Stress and Adaptation Chapter 8 -- Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid– Base BalanceChapter 9 -- Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing Chapter 10 -- Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Chapter 11-- Innate and Adaptive Immunity Chapter 12 -- Disorders of the Immune Response, Including HIV/AIDSChapter 13 -- Organization and Control of Neural Function Chapter 14 -- Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature RegulationChapter 15 -- Disorders of Motor Function Chapter 16 -- Disorders of Brain Function Chapter 17 -- Sleep and Sleep–Wake Disorders Chapter 18 -- Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and MemoryChapter 19 -- Disorders of Visual Function Chapter 20 -- Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular FunctionChapter 21 -- Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System Chapter 22 - - Disorders of Hemostasis Chapter 23 -- Disorders of Red Blood Cells Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues Chapter 25 -- Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 26 -- Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation Chapter 27 -- Disorders of Cardiac Function, and Heart Failure and Circulatory ShockChapter 28 -- Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm Chapter 29 -- Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Chapter 30 -- Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood DisordersChapter 31 -- Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange Chapter 32 -- Structure and Function of the KidneyChapter 33 - - Disorders of Renal Function Chapter 34 -- Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 35 -- Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract Chapter 36 -- Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal SystemChapter 37 -- Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function Chapter 38 -- Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas FunctionChapter 39 -- Alterations in Nutritional Status Chapter 40 -- Mechanisms of Endocrine Control1 Chapter 41-- Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and MetabolismChapter 42 -- Structure and Function of the Male Genitourinary SystemChapter 43 -- Disorders of the Male Reproductive System Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive SystemChapter 45 -- Disorders of the Female Reproductive System Chapter 46 -- Sexually Transmitted Infections Chapter 47 -- Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Chapter 48 -- Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, Neoplasms1 Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental and Metabolic Disorders, ActivityIntolerance, and Fatig ue Chapter 50 -- Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic DisordersChapter 51 -- Structure and Function of the Skin Chapter 52 -- Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition Test Bank Ch 1- Concepts of Health and Disease 1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focus edon the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comme ntsmade by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considere d a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply. A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as bo okreviews and word games during social time B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled ca refacilities C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with dia betes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in- home cookingclasses D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialy sissessions E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young childre n ANSWER: A, B, C, E Feedback: The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well- being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well- being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vitalin the preve ntion of disease and spread of germs. 2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the larg e variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, w hich would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report? A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American d escent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stres s. B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperc holesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits. D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to ma nyhealth care facilities. ANSWER: B Feedback: In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alter native therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access tohealth care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levelswithin the pr esence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives free of pre ventable disease and premature death” determinant. 3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, uni versity hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation betwe en diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.W hich of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecul es that cause disease? A) A 31-year- old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion ofpacked re d blood cells B) A 91-year- old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting fromfamilial hypercholesterolemia C) A 19-year- old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygentherapy a nd chest physiotherapy D) A 30-year- old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) andis HIV pos itive. ANSWER: D Feedback: PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sick lecell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of th e effects of abnormal molecules. 4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the follo wingaspects of clients' situations bes t ch aract er iz es pa th ogenesis rather than etiolog y? A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accide nt ANSWER: B Feedback: Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as theincreasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors. 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arr ived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of th e pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patie ntverifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary a rtery disease? A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.” B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods lik eFrench fries every day.” C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made iteasy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.” D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attac k.” ANSWER: C Feedback: The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the p athogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process fro ma fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery dise ase. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack o f exercise. 6. A 77-year- old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive p ulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing theclient for th e first time. Which of the f ol lo w in g asp ects of the patient's current state of health woul d be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign? A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry. B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine. C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fiel dsbilaterally. D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minu te. ANSWER: B Feedback: Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health proble m,such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sou nds,and respiratory rate are all objective, observable