PJM Generation Dispatch- Full Module1-10 Verified
Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
Module 1: Overview of PJM Restoration
• Role of PJM as the Reliability Coordinator (RC) during restoration
• Transition of frequency/voltage control from Transmission Owners (TOs) to PJM
• Types of system blackouts (partial, complete, islanded areas)
• Key restoration principles (orderly, controlled, safe restoration)
• Lessons learned from past PJM/neighboring RTO blackouts
Module 2: Blackstart Resources
• Definition and importance of blackstart units
• Types used in PJM: hydro, combustion turbines, diesels, limited storage integration
• Verification, testing, and maintenance requirements
• Blackstart test scheduling and annual certification with PJM
• Blackstart cranking paths and priority access to units needing startup power
Module 3: Generation Restoration
• Hot units, warm units, cold units – return-to-service sequence
• Generator loading strategies during restoration
• Governor response and AGC limitations during early restoration
• Reactive support requirements (synchronous condensers, excitation systems)
• Nuclear plant considerations (offsite power priority, NRC protocols)
,Module 4: Transmission System Restoration
• Energizing EHV (500 kV/345 kV) transmission backbones
• Line charging and reactive power issues
• Ferroresonance prevention during energization
• Radial vs network restoration sequencing
• Coordination across multiple TO zones within PJM
Module 5: Load Restoration
• Load pickup strategies (stepwise vs block loading)
• Cold load pickup phenomenon and mitigation
• Prioritization of loads: critical infrastructure (hospitals, water plants, military)
• Maintaining generation/load balance in small islands
• Monitoring frequency during staged load pickup
Module 6: Synchronization and Interconnection
• Synchronizing local generators
• Synchronizing islands within PJM
• Reconnecting PJM to the Eastern Interconnection
• Synchronization checks: phase angle, voltage, frequency matching
• Procedures for failed synchronization attempts
Module 7: Frequency and Voltage Control During Restoration
• PJM assumption of frequency control once stable
• Governor droop settings and operator actions
• Automatic vs manual generation dispatch
• Voltage regulation with switched capacitors/reactors
• Monitoring stability margins (avoid over- or under-excitation)
Module 8: PJM Restoration Coordination & Communication
, • Roles of PJM Dispatch, Transmission Owners, and Generator Operators
• Communication protocols (PJM voice circuits, ICCP, backup systems)
• Frequency of TO restoration reports (every 30 minutes + every 10 lines restored)
• Emergency communications if SCADA/EMS is down
• Coordination with neighboring RTOs (NYISO, MISO, SERC, etc.)
Module 9: System Security During Restoration
• Transient and voltage stability in small islands
• Oscillation risks and damping considerations
• Managing reactive power margins
• Island vs interconnection reliability risks
• Use of synchrophasors (PMUs) for dynamic monitoring
Module 10: PJM Compliance & Training Requirements
• NERC Standards: EOP-005, EOP-006, EOP-008
• FERC oversight and PJM reporting obligations
• Restoration plan reviews and updates
• Operator training and certification requirements (annual drills, PJM certification exams)
• Blackstart unit testing protocols
Topic 1: Role of PJM as the Reliability Coordinator (RC)
1. During restoration, PJM acts as the:
A) Transmission Owner
B) Reliability Coordinator
C) Generator Operator
D) Balancing Authority only
2. PJM’s main function in restoration is to:
A) Direct switching crews
B) Coordinate and oversee TO restoration activities
, C) Supply blackstart fuel
D) Operate individual substations
3. PJM communicates restoration instructions primarily to:
A) Field technicians
B) State governments
C) Transmission Owners and Generators
D) Media outlets
4. Which federal agency authorizes PJM’s RC role?
A) FERC
B) DOE
C) NERC
D) DHS
5. PJM differs from TOs during restoration by:
A) Having direct control of substations
B) Coordinating across the regional footprint
C) Dispatching local repair crews
D) Only operating nuclear plants
6. Why is PJM’s RC role important in restoration?
A) Prevents uncontrolled energization and instability
B) Increases fuel supply
C) Avoids customer complaints
D) Reduces operator workload
7. PJM provides situational awareness during restoration through:
A) EMS and communication with TOs
B) Local load dispatch only
C) Direct breaker operation
D) Market settlements
8. Which function remains under TO responsibility during restoration?
A) Local switching and equipment operations
B) Interconnection coordination
C) Frequency balancing after transition
D) Regional directives
9. PJM ensures coordination with:
A) Neighboring RCs and ISOs
Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Emended
Exam Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
Module 1: Overview of PJM Restoration
• Role of PJM as the Reliability Coordinator (RC) during restoration
• Transition of frequency/voltage control from Transmission Owners (TOs) to PJM
• Types of system blackouts (partial, complete, islanded areas)
• Key restoration principles (orderly, controlled, safe restoration)
• Lessons learned from past PJM/neighboring RTO blackouts
Module 2: Blackstart Resources
• Definition and importance of blackstart units
• Types used in PJM: hydro, combustion turbines, diesels, limited storage integration
• Verification, testing, and maintenance requirements
• Blackstart test scheduling and annual certification with PJM
• Blackstart cranking paths and priority access to units needing startup power
Module 3: Generation Restoration
• Hot units, warm units, cold units – return-to-service sequence
• Generator loading strategies during restoration
• Governor response and AGC limitations during early restoration
• Reactive support requirements (synchronous condensers, excitation systems)
• Nuclear plant considerations (offsite power priority, NRC protocols)
,Module 4: Transmission System Restoration
• Energizing EHV (500 kV/345 kV) transmission backbones
• Line charging and reactive power issues
• Ferroresonance prevention during energization
• Radial vs network restoration sequencing
• Coordination across multiple TO zones within PJM
Module 5: Load Restoration
• Load pickup strategies (stepwise vs block loading)
• Cold load pickup phenomenon and mitigation
• Prioritization of loads: critical infrastructure (hospitals, water plants, military)
• Maintaining generation/load balance in small islands
• Monitoring frequency during staged load pickup
Module 6: Synchronization and Interconnection
• Synchronizing local generators
• Synchronizing islands within PJM
• Reconnecting PJM to the Eastern Interconnection
• Synchronization checks: phase angle, voltage, frequency matching
• Procedures for failed synchronization attempts
Module 7: Frequency and Voltage Control During Restoration
• PJM assumption of frequency control once stable
• Governor droop settings and operator actions
• Automatic vs manual generation dispatch
• Voltage regulation with switched capacitors/reactors
• Monitoring stability margins (avoid over- or under-excitation)
Module 8: PJM Restoration Coordination & Communication
, • Roles of PJM Dispatch, Transmission Owners, and Generator Operators
• Communication protocols (PJM voice circuits, ICCP, backup systems)
• Frequency of TO restoration reports (every 30 minutes + every 10 lines restored)
• Emergency communications if SCADA/EMS is down
• Coordination with neighboring RTOs (NYISO, MISO, SERC, etc.)
Module 9: System Security During Restoration
• Transient and voltage stability in small islands
• Oscillation risks and damping considerations
• Managing reactive power margins
• Island vs interconnection reliability risks
• Use of synchrophasors (PMUs) for dynamic monitoring
Module 10: PJM Compliance & Training Requirements
• NERC Standards: EOP-005, EOP-006, EOP-008
• FERC oversight and PJM reporting obligations
• Restoration plan reviews and updates
• Operator training and certification requirements (annual drills, PJM certification exams)
• Blackstart unit testing protocols
Topic 1: Role of PJM as the Reliability Coordinator (RC)
1. During restoration, PJM acts as the:
A) Transmission Owner
B) Reliability Coordinator
C) Generator Operator
D) Balancing Authority only
2. PJM’s main function in restoration is to:
A) Direct switching crews
B) Coordinate and oversee TO restoration activities
, C) Supply blackstart fuel
D) Operate individual substations
3. PJM communicates restoration instructions primarily to:
A) Field technicians
B) State governments
C) Transmission Owners and Generators
D) Media outlets
4. Which federal agency authorizes PJM’s RC role?
A) FERC
B) DOE
C) NERC
D) DHS
5. PJM differs from TOs during restoration by:
A) Having direct control of substations
B) Coordinating across the regional footprint
C) Dispatching local repair crews
D) Only operating nuclear plants
6. Why is PJM’s RC role important in restoration?
A) Prevents uncontrolled energization and instability
B) Increases fuel supply
C) Avoids customer complaints
D) Reduces operator workload
7. PJM provides situational awareness during restoration through:
A) EMS and communication with TOs
B) Local load dispatch only
C) Direct breaker operation
D) Market settlements
8. Which function remains under TO responsibility during restoration?
A) Local switching and equipment operations
B) Interconnection coordination
C) Frequency balancing after transition
D) Regional directives
9. PJM ensures coordination with:
A) Neighboring RCs and ISOs
