IAAI CFI STUDY QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FOR THE IAAI CFI CERTIFICATION TEST A+ SCORE SOLUTION / NEWLY UPDATED 2025.

IAAI CFI STUDY QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS FOR THE IAAI CFI CERTIFICATION TEST A+ SCORE SOLUTION / NEWLY UPDATED 2025. “Combustible Liquid - CORRECT ANSWER A liquid with a flash point ABOVE 100F" "35-70 p.s.i. - CORRECT ANSWER In high-pressure fuel-injected vehicles, this is the typical range of pressure that is used to pump fuel from a fuel tank" "5 and 17 - CORRECT ANSWER The lower explosive and upper explosive limit of natural gas (methane)?" "680°F - CORRECT ANSWER The ignition temperature of power steering fluid" "Fuel - CORRECT ANSWER Any substance that can undergo combustion" "Act or Omission - CORRECT ANSWER Two factors or situations leading to a fire that may show the nature of the incident responsibility." "Additional Investigative Recommendations - CORRECT ANSWER This concept should not be included in a summary report of findings." "Admiralty Law - CORRECT ANSWER A law that may govern the fire investigation of a boat" "After-market Equipment - CORRECT ANSWER A type of device in a vehicle, which can cause an electrical overload to factory installed wiring" "Alive and Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER Evidence of smoke or soot in the lungs, bronchi, and trachea is one of the most significant factors in confirming that, at the time of the fire, the victim was WHAT?" "BLEVE - CORRECT ANSWER This may occur when the vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds atmospheric pressure *And this is the most common mechanical explosion" "Boiling Point - CORRECT ANSWER The temperature or point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure applied" "Bonding - CORRECT ANSWER The process of electrically connecting two or more conductive objects" "Bottom Passenger Side of the Windshield - CORRECT ANSWER Most engine fires typically penetrate the interior compartment at this location of the vehicle" "Brass Prongs (male ends) - CORRECT ANSWER An investigator can closely examine this component of a cord to determine if it was plugged into a receptacle" "Calcination - CORRECT ANSWER The chemical and physical changes that occur in gypsum wallboard surfaces during a fire" "Demonstrative Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER Type of evidence consisting of tangible items *as opposed to Testimonial Evidence or Documentary (written) Evidence" "Depth of Char - CORRECT ANSWER A burn pattern analysis that is MORE useful for evaluating fire spread, rather than length or intensity of burning" "Differential - CORRECT ANSWER All voltages are _________________, which means that a battery or DC generator creates a potential difference that can force charge through a wire" "Diffusion Flame Burning - CORRECT ANSWER The ordinary sustained burning mode in most fires" "Document and Carefully Move - CORRECT ANSWER By taking these two steps, an investigator can obtain the manufacturer's name, model & serial numbers, manufacture date, and any warnings on an appliance, determined to be in the area of fire origin" "Documentary Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER What type of evidence is an investigator's report?" "Documentation - CORRECT ANSWER A key method used by investigators when an appliance is determined to be in the area of origin, particularly the positioning of all controls and components." "DOT Standards - CORRECT ANSWER The standards that gas cylinders must conform to (Dept. of Transportation)" "Dual Element Fuses - CORRECT ANSWER Types of fuses that have one element for overloads and another element for short circuits" "Dust Explosion - CORRECT ANSWER A particular type of an explosion that does NOT often result in pronounced seats of explosion" "Fire Death Team - CORRECT ANSWER A team comprised of a homicide detective, medical examiner, and fire investigator" "Fire Dynamics Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER A type of analysis used to predict fire phenomena and characteristics of the environment" "Fire Effects - CORRECT ANSWER Observable or measurable changes in or on a material as the result of a fire" "Fire Growth Rate - CORRECT ANSWER Once a fuel is ignited in a motor vehicle, any additional fuels contained in the vehicle have significant effect on WHAT fire factor?" "Fire Intensity - CORRECT ANSWER In a wildland fire, this fire characterisic is indicated by the degree of damage to the wildland fuel" "Fire Origin - CORRECT ANSWER This investigative determination is based on witness information, fire patterns, arc mapping, and fire dynamics" "Fire Scene Access - CORRECT ANSWER The fifth and sixth amendments DO NOT answer questions regarding constitutional protections in relation to WHAT fire investigation aspect? (4th amendment issue)" "Fire Scene Reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER Recreating pre-fire positions of contents" "Fire-rated Door - CORRECT ANSWER This type of door must be used when installed in a fire-rated wall." "First or Second Degree Burns - CORRECT ANSWER This is the typical extent of thermal injuries sustained from an explosion flame front, due to the very short duration." "Flame Spread Rating - CORRECT ANSWER A system used to rate a material's flame spread potential. *And these are the categories: Class A: Flame spread index 0-25 Class B: Flame spread index 26-75 Class C: Flame spread index 76-200" "Remote Area - CORRECT ANSWER The location where firefighters should re-fuel all gas-powered equipment (away from the fire scene)" "Government Institute - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA is not this type of institute" "Guide - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 921 is this type of document" "Guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER The information presented in NFPA 921 establishes WHAT?" "Hazards - CORRECT ANSWER Biological, chemical, physical, and radiological are examples of this concept that fire investigators should be aware of when investigating a fire scene" "Header - CORRECT ANSWER The first cutting unit on a combine" "Heat flux - CORRECT ANSWER The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface" "Heat of Combustion - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of heat released during complete combustion, which is considered a constant for a specific fuel (Generally considered a material property and therefore a constant for a specific fuel)" "Heat of Ignition - CORRECT ANSWER The heat energy that brings about ignition (divided into two parts: (a) equipment involved in ignition and (b) form of heat of ignition)" "Heat Release Rate - CORRECT ANSWER The fire characteristic that most affects fire growth during the pre-flashover phase of a fire" "Heat transfer - CORRECT ANSWER The transport of heat energy from one point to another point, caused by temperature difference between those points" "Heat transfer - CORRECT ANSWER The fire phenomenon responsible for much of the physical evidence used by fire investigators" "High-Order Damage - CORRECT ANSWER The shattering type of explosion damage" "H.I.N. - CORRECT ANSWER The type of number an investigator should look for during a boat fire investigation" "Hot Surfaces - CORRECT ANSWER This vehicle component will NOT usually ignite gasoline" "Human Body Fat - CORRECT ANSWER Component of the human body that will act as a fuel and sustain a flame" "Hypergolic Material - CORRECT ANSWER Any substance that will spontaneously ignite or explode upon exposure to an oxidizer." "Hypergolic Materials - CORRECT ANSWER Materials that can react with each other" "Ignitable Liquid - CORRECT ANSWER A type of material that, when trapped in a concrete floor, can be recovered by using lime, diatomaceous earth, or non-self-rising flour." "Ignition by Electrical Energy - CORRECT ANSWER Ignition that involves transferring sufficient heat to a fuel by passage of electrical current to ignite material that is closeby" "Ignition Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER The minimum temperature needed to heat a fuel so as to ignite and begin self-sustained combustion" "Incandescent Light Bulbs - CORRECT ANSWER An item that tends to "pull" toward the heat source (*if over 25 watts)" "Incendiary Fire - CORRECT ANSWER A category of fire that is strongly indicated by the confirmation of multiple fires" "Incendiary Fire - CORRECT ANSWER A category of fire that is associated with multiple fires and trailers" "Incident Scene Commander - CORRECT ANSWER This person can grant permission for a fire investigator to enter a scene before the fire is completely extinguished" "Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER The reasoning process of moving from specific observation to broader generalizations (*Induction is to "increase" *Develop hypothesis ("induce") *More uncertain than deduction *Based on empirical data, training, and experience)" "Interested Party - CORRECT ANSWER Any person, entity, or organization with obligations or whose rights or interest might be affected by the investigation of a specific incident" "Interviews - CORRECT ANSWER (1) Trust, (2) Caution, and (3) Distrust are three types of what?" "Inverted Cone Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER This fire pattern is often caused by a natural gas leak" "Inverted Cone Patterns - CORRECT ANSWER Fire patterns commonly created when a vertical flame plume does not reach the ceiling" "Team Leader Committee - CORRECT ANSWER In what group is one representative selected from each investigative party?" "Irregular Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER A certain pattern that is not necessarily an indicator of the presence of an ignitable liquid" "Job Performance Requirement - CORRECT ANSWER A professional description that (1) describes the specific job task, (2) lists items necessary to complete the task, and (3) describes measurable outcomes and evaluations for the task" "Joint Investigations - CORRECT ANSWER These can occur simultaneously and involve separate and independent examinations through which each party may develop an independent hypothesis" "Kerosene - CORRECT ANSWER Which of these fuels has the lowest ignition temperature: kerosene, gasoline, methane, or propane?" "Kinetic Energy - CORRECT ANSWER The type of energy that is converted suddenly from potential energy during an explosion, with the production and release of gases under pressure." "Laboratory Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER This entity must confirm any sample obtained by canine alert, to be considered valid" "Lack of Stability - CORRECT ANSWER One of the most dangerous situations an investigator may encounter when examining a boat afloat after a fire" "Laminated Wood - CORRECT ANSWER This material is NOT acceptable to be used on the exterior (but is acceptable for the interior)." "Latent Heat of Vaporization - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of heat absorbed by a substance during its change from a liquid to vapor" "Lightning - CORRECT ANSWER Static electricity flowing from cloud to ground or from cloud to cloud" "Lightning - CORRECT ANSWER One form of static electricity" "Cloud-to-Cloud - CORRECT ANSWER The lightning occurrence that is less likely to cause a fire (compared to cloud-to-ground)" "Lines of Demarcation - CORRECT ANSWER Borders of fire patterns" "Low-Order Damage - CORRECT ANSWER Type of explosion damage that heaves or pushes" "Melt and Fuse Together Lengthwise - CORRECT ANSWER Fire often causes standard copper conductors to do WHAT?" "Movement and Intensity - CORRECT ANSWER The two basic types of fire patterns" "Neutral Plane - CORRECT ANSWER The term associated with the air and gas flow in a compartment fire" "Neutral Position - CORRECT ANSWER The position on a receptacle, where the cord's wider prong is forced to plug into, due to a change that was made to 20-amp cords in 1987" "NFPA 1033 - CORRECT ANSWER The national applicable performance standards for fire investigators" "NFPA 54 - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA standard that prohibits gas piping in air ducts, clothes chutes, and elevator shafts" "NFPA 704 - CORRECT ANSWER The NFPA standard for hazard identification" "NFPA 704 - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA hazard placard: red TOP (flammability) yellow RIGHT (instability) blue LEFT (health) white BOTTOM (special/specific) *(0 minimal to 4 severe hazard)" "Post-indicator Valve - CORRECT ANSWER This device is generally used to control the flow of water to a sprinkler system, hydrant, or another device with underground piping" "Power - CORRECT ANSWER The rate at which energy is used" "Preservation - CORRECT ANSWER This concept regarding physical evidence and the fire scene in general is NOT the sole responsibility of the fire investigator." "Protection Device - CORRECT ANSWER The remains of this component of an appliance may indicate if it was operating at the time of the incident" "Protocol - CORRECT ANSWER During a major investigation, this agreed-upon procedure is important to establish and follow when a particular item is deemed evidence." "Pugilistic Posture - CORRECT ANSWER A common post-mortem response of the body to heat, resulting in the contracting of muscles as a direct result of the fire." "Pyrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER A process in which material is decomposed, or broken down, into simpler molecular compounds by the effects of heat alone" "Pyrophoric Material - CORRECT ANSWER Any substance that spontaneously ignites upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen." "Pyrotechnics - CORRECT ANSWER This item may be found on a boat because they are often used in firework events" "Radiative Ignition - CORRECT ANSWER Fire spread from one fuel package to another is generally caused by WHAT?" "Rate of Fire Growth - CORRECT ANSWER The ________________________ as determined by witnesses is highly subjective" "Recalling Observations - CORRECT ANSWER The primary goal for an investigator recording and photographing the scene" "Refueling - CORRECT ANSWER This process regarding fuel-powered equipment should be done outside the fire scene perimeter" "Relative Elevation of Damage - CORRECT ANSWER This characteristic of structural explosion damage has no direct correlation to the vapor density of the gas-vapor fuel" "Remote Ignition - CORRECT ANSWER This type of fire spread mechanism has four modes: which are conduction, flame, hot gas layer radiation, and drop down" "Resistance Heating - CORRECT ANSWER Type of heating that results from the passing of an electrical current through a conductor" "Resistance Heating - CORRECT ANSWER This is caused when electricity flows through a loose connection *And, through an oxide interface" "Overhaul - CORRECT ANSWER During this firefighting strategy, the use of water hoselines should be restricted and limited, especially in the area of origin." "Right to Entry - CORRECT ANSWER Exigency statutes, Search warrant, Verbal or written consent relate to what key concept when investigating a fire?" "Rigid Polystyrene Panels - CORRECT ANSWER Which of these material's surface would heat up the quickest when exposed to radiant flux: oak boards, concrete wall, rigid polystyrene panels, or gypsum plaster?" "RV and Motor Homes - CORRECT ANSWER These types of constructions or vehicles are similar in many ways to fires in houses and mobile homes." "Secure the Scene - CORRECT ANSWER The first step to be taken by an investigator at the scene of an explosion." "Self-Heating - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby a material undergoes a chemical reaction and increases in temperature solely due to exothermic reactions between the material and the surrounding atmosphere" "Sequential Photographs - CORRECT ANSWER Type of photography that is helpful in understanding the relationship of a small subject to its relative position in a larger area" "Serial Fire-Setting - CORRECT ANSWER Geographic area, clusters, temporal frequency, and materials and methods are useful in identifying and establishing this act" "Simple Sketch - CORRECT ANSWER At a minimum, this investigative practice should be done on all fire scenes" "Fire Size and Duration - CORRECT ANSWER Determining which pattern was produced at the point of origin becomes more difficult as WHAT increases?" "Sleeving - CORRECT ANSWER The softening and loosening of the wire's thermoplastic insulation due to heating (fire)" "Sloping Sides - CORRECT ANSWER Whether a hole burned into a horizontal surface was created from above or below may be identified by examining WHAT?" "Smoldering - CORRECT ANSWER This type of fire normally produces char that results from thermal decomposition" "Societal-motivated Arson - CORRECT ANSWER A subcategory of revenge/retaliation that is generally not satisfied with a single fire" "Solo - CORRECT ANSWER Fire scene examinations should NOT be conducted in WHAT MANNER?" "Spalling - CORRECT ANSWER Damage and fire patterns occurring to concrete that is NOT a positive indicator of a liquid accelerant" "Specific Gravity - CORRECT ANSWER The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard (usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas)" "Specific Gravity of Air - CORRECT ANSWER The ratio of the average molecular weight of a gas or vapor to the average molecular weight of air" "Specific Gravity of a liquid or solid - CORRECT ANSWER The ratio of the mass of a given volume of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water (at a temp. of 4C)" "Speed of Fire Growth - CORRECT ANSWER This fire characteristic is NOT indicated by the angle of the borders of the V pattern" "Spoliation - CORRECT ANSWER This concept does NOT mean that an item of evidence cannot be removed from the fire scene in order to preserve it or protect it from theft, for instance." "Spontaneous Combustion - CORRECT ANSWER What fire process is vehicle motor oil NOT prone to undergo" "Spontaneous Combustion - CORRECT ANSWER A phenomenon that does NOT occur to human bodies (not supported by evidence)" "Spontaneous Heating - CORRECT ANSWER The process whereby a material increases in temperature without drawing heat from its surroundings" "Sprinkler Head - CORRECT ANSWER Combustible materials should be kept 18 inches away from this fire protection device" "Stoichiometric Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER The optimum fuel/air mixture where combustion is most efficient" "Surface Orientation - CORRECT ANSWER This is the difference between wildfire V- patterns and compartment fire V-patterns" "Sweating - CORRECT ANSWER Heaters located just under the interior faces of a refrigerators keep this from occurring" "Thermal Cutoff - CORRECT ANSWER TCO stands for this, and "T" in particular" "Thermal Cutoff - CORRECT ANSWER A component in heat-producing appliances, which operates by melting of an internal pellet when the appliance overheats, which turns off the unit" "Thermal Inertia - CORRECT ANSWER The property of a material that characterize its rate of surface temperature rise when exposed to heat" "Thermal Inertia - CORRECT ANSWER Thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity are the three components of WHAT?" "Thermal Protector - CORRECT ANSWER A specific type of protective device that motors are generally equipped with in a counter-top appliance, which may reset when the motor cools" "Toxic Gases - CORRECT ANSWER More people are killed by this in a fire incident, not necessarily by the flames of fire" "Trailers - CORRECT ANSWER Fire patterns that indicate a deliberate attempt to distribute fire from one location to another" "Trained Personnel - CORRECT ANSWER An investigator should notify this person(s) upon finding an incendiary device that has not activated" "Transformer - CORRECT ANSWER A mechanism used to reduce voltages from the normal 120 V and to isolate the rest of an appliance from the supply circuit" "Ventilation-Controlled Fire - CORRECT ANSWER A type of fire that produces more carbon monoxide and more soot than fuel-controlled fires ((not sure which is hotter, but probably peak fuel-controlled, imo))" "Violent Explosions - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel-air mixtures at or near the lower explosive limit (LEL) do NOT always produce less ___________________ than those fuel-air mixtures at or near the upper explosive limit (UEL)." "Weatherhead - CORRECT ANSWER A specific device on a structure that is associated with electricity and is part of the electrical system" "Wet-Pipe System - CORRECT ANSWER The most reliable type of sprinkler system" "Wildfires - CORRECT ANSWER Weather history is an important factor when investigating these types of fires" "Wood Trusses - CORRECT ANSWER The failure of one of these types of construction features can affect adjacent members of a similar type" "X-rays - CORRECT ANSWER These medical procedures should be done of the entire deceased body, including the clothing and associated debris found near the body." "Zone Model - CORRECT ANSWER A type of fire dynamics analysis model that divides each room into two or more spaces" "Computational Fluid Dynamics Model - CORRECT ANSWER A type of fire dynamics analysis model that divides the room into many cells (*Field or CFD model)" "Power (Watts) - CORRECT ANSWER What is the product found by multiplying current (amps) times voltage (volts)?" "Orange to Black (Low to High) - CORRECT ANSWER Color coded sprinkler head bulbs, range from what colors? (*From low to high temp: orange, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black)" "Electrical Ignition - CORRECT ANSWER The ignition source that requires that heat transfer from an electrical source be maintained long enough to bring the adjacent fuel up to its ignition temperature." "Up Position - CORRECT ANSWER An outside screw and yoke valve is open when the stem is in WHAT position" "Volts = current times resistance (v=ir) - CORRECT ANSWER Formula for Ohm's Law" "Power = volts times current (p=vi) - CORRECT ANSWER Formula for power" A liquid with a flash point ABOVE 100F - CORRECT ANSWER Combustible Liquid" "If the current flowing out from an electrical panel is 12.5 amps, and it then flows through an electrical load of 1500 watts, what is the amperage of the remaining current flow of the return circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER 12.5" "If a hair dryer draws 8.3amps (in a home with 120-volt service), what is the wattage? *Power (P) = current (I) x voltage (V) Watts = amps x volts - CORRECT ANSWER 1000" "The year of the first edition of NFPA 1033 - CORRECT ANSWER 1987" "The recommended distance for securing the perimeter of a blast scene *That is, the distance from the furthest debris - CORRECT ANSWER 1.5 times" "What temperature in the upper gas layer causes the onset of Flashover? - CORRECT ANSWER 1100°F" "The temperature at which copper melts - CORRECT ANSWER 1960°F" "The measurement of the radiant heat flux (from gas layer to the floor) that indicates the onset of flashover - CORRECT ANSWER 2 W/cm2" "The voltage between the two hot wires at the service entrance cables in most single-family residences in the United States (single-phase service with three wires) - CORRECT ANSWER 240 volts" "The revision cycle for NFPA 921 (timespan) - CORRECT ANSWER 3 years" "The flash point of power steering fluid - CORRECT ANSWER 350°F" "In high-pressure fuel-injected vehicles, this is the typical range of pressure that is used to pump fuel from a fuel tank - CORRECT ANSWER 35-70 p.s.i." "The lower explosive and upper explosive limit of natural gas (methane)? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 and 17" "The ignition temperature of power steering fluid - CORRECT ANSWER 680°F" "Any substance that can undergo combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel" "Two factors or situations leading to a fire that may show the nature of the incident responsibility. - CORRECT ANSWER Act or Omission" "This concept should not be included in a summary report of findings. - CORRECT ANSWER Additional Investigative Recommendations" "A law that may govern the fire investigation of a boat - CORRECT ANSWER Admiralty Law" "A type of device in a vehicle, which can cause an electrical overload to factory installed wiring - CORRECT ANSWER After-market Equipment" "Evidence of smoke or soot in the lungs, bronchi, and trachea is one of the most significant factors in confirming that, at the time of the fire, the victim was WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Alive and Breathing" "Those who have the responsibility for monitoring safety conditions at the fire or explosion scene - CORRECT ANSWER All Team Members" "The melting temperature of aluminum - CORRECT ANSWER 1220°F" "Which one of these is NOT considered a competent ignition source? Metal-to-metal sparks, Aluminum-to-pavement sparks, Metal-to-pavement sparks, Motor bearing sparks - CORRECT ANSWER Aluminum-to-pavement sparks" "A meaningful analysis of a fire requires an understanding of the fire growth, the total heat released, and WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Heat Release Rate" "What does he term AFCI stand for? And, the "A" specifically represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER Arc-fault circuit interrupter" "The organization that develops standard methods for testing materials - CORRECT ANSWER ASTM" "Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame - CORRECT ANSWER Auto-ignition" "A deflagration resulting from the sudden introduction of air into a confined space containing oxygen-deficient products of incomplete combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Backdraft" "An explosion caused by a combination of combustible materials heated to the ignition point and a sudden introduction of oxygen to support combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Backdraft" "A boat device that owners fail to keep clean, which is a frequent cause of engine compartment fires on boats - CORRECT ANSWER Backfire Flame Arrestor" "A device on a fluorescent light fixture that transforms the voltage from normal household voltage to a higher voltage - CORRECT ANSWER Ballast" "The starter motor draws its energy from this source - CORRECT ANSWER Battery" "The burden of proof in a criminal trial - CORRECT ANSWER Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" "The component that controls temperature in many heat-producing appliances - CORRECT ANSWER Bimetallic Thermostats" "A chemical process of oxidation, which occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or a flame - CORRECT ANSWER Combustion" "A building design feature that aims to limit the fire to its origin. - CORRECT ANSWER Compartmentation" "Located at the origin, these should be considered individually during the development of a cause hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Competent Ignition Source" "This should be donned when dealing with hazardous chemicals - CORRECT ANSWER Complete PPE" "An example of heat transfer, when the heating of a steel beam to an unexposed part of a building results in a fire in that location - CORRECT ANSWER Conduction" "Overheating on a circuit is most likely to occur at this location on a circuit - CORRECT ANSWER Connection Points" "Consensus agreement between interested parties should be developed prior to the commencement of WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Joint Investigation" "Complicated patterns in glass - CORRECT ANSWER Crazing" "A type of scene or circumstances, in which fires do NOT always destroy all physical evidence - CORRECT ANSWER Crime Scenes" "A factor in OHM's law that can be calculated if you know resistance and voltage - CORRECT ANSWER Current (amperage)" "The reasoning in the scientific method used to test an hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Deductive Reasoning" "The reasoning process of moving from generalizations to particular assertion (*"Reduce to Deduce" *Test hypothesis ("deduce") *Test based on known facts *More confident assertion than induction) - CORRECT ANSWER Deductive Reasoning" "Type of evidence consisting of tangible items *as opposed to Testimonial Evidence or Documentary (written) Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrative Evidence" "A burn pattern analysis that is MORE useful for evaluating fire spread, rather than length or intensity of burning - CORRECT ANSWER Depth of Char" "All voltages are _________________, which means that a battery or DC generator creates a potential difference that can force charge through a wire - CORRECT ANSWER Differential" "The ordinary sustained burning mode in most fires - CORRECT ANSWER Diffusion Flame Burning" "By taking these two steps, an investigator can obtain the manufacturer's name, model & serial numbers, manufacture date, and any warnings on an appliance, determined to be in the area of fire origin - CORRECT ANSWER Document and Carefully Move" "What type of evidence is an investigator's report? - CORRECT ANSWER Documentary Evidence" "A key method used by investigators when an appliance is determined to be in the area of origin, particularly the positioning of all controls and components. - CORRECT ANSWER Documentation" "The standards that gas cylinders must conform to (Dept. of Transportation) - CORRECT ANSWER DOT Standards" "Types of fuses that have one element for overloads and another element for short circuits - CORRECT ANSWER Dual Element Fuses" "A particular type of an explosion that does NOT often result in pronounced seats of explosion - CORRECT ANSWER Dust Explosion" "An explosion that most often occurs in confined areas of relatively wide dispersal, where combustible dust can accumulate in sufficient quantity to support a propagating reaction. - CORRECT ANSWER Dust Explosion" "This analysis may be performed to determine the pre-fire condition of the engine and to establish possible motive for the destruction of the vehicle. - CORRECT ANSWER Engine Oil Analysis" "The fire scene itself needs to be considered as WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Evidence" "The process of photographing an item, then collecting, tagging and putting it in a log - CORRECT ANSWER Evidence Collection" "The importance of this fire investigative practice is no different in wildfire investigations, compared to structural fires. - CORRECT ANSWER Evidence Collection and Documentation" "The person at a fire scene who manages various aspects of the evidence collection process, including an evidence log and evidence bagging, tagging, preservation and storage - CORRECT ANSWER Evidence Custodian" "The justification used to enter a property in order to extinguish a fire - CORRECT ANSWER Exigent Circumstances" "Also known as "Conclusions" - CORRECT ANSWER Final Hypothesis" "A team comprised of a homicide detective, medical examiner, and fire investigator - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Death Team" "A type of analysis used to predict fire phenomena and characteristics of the environment - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Dynamics Analysis" "Observable or measurable changes in or on a material as the result of a fire - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Effects" "Once a fuel is ignited in a motor vehicle, any additional fuels contained in the vehicle have significant effect on WHAT fire factor? - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Growth Rate" "In a wildland fire, this fire characterisic is indicated by the degree of damage to the wildland fuel - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Intensity" "This investigative determination is based on witness information, fire patterns, arc mapping, and fire dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Origin" "The fifth and sixth amendments DO NOT answer questions regarding constitutional protections in relation to WHAT fire investigation aspect? (4th amendment issue) - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Scene Access" "Recreating pre-fire positions of contents - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Scene Reconstruction" "This type of door must be used when installed in a fire-rated wall. - CORRECT ANSWER Fire-rated Door" "This is the typical extent of thermal injuries sustained from an explosion flame front, due to the very short duration. - CORRECT ANSWER First or Second Degree Burns" "A system used to rate a material's flame spread potential. *And these are the categories: Class A: Flame spread index 0-25 Class B: Flame spread index 26-75 Class C: Flame spread index 76-200 - CORRECT ANSWER Flame Spread Rating" "This type of fuel can only be ignited by a spark or pilot flame over specific ranges of gas concentration - CORRECT ANSWER Flammable Gases" "A liquid with a flash point below 100*F - CORRECT ANSWER Flammable Liquid" "The characteristic of an appropriate mixture of vapor-to-air, which will cause it to ignite when subjected to an ignition source - CORRECT ANSWER Flash point" "A specific fuel characteristic, which will have little or no significance when the fuel is released in a spray form. - CORRECT ANSWER Flash Point" "In this phenomenon, the radiant ignition of exposed combustible materials is key - CORRECT ANSWER Flashover" "This phenomenon will occur in a compartment with a low ceiling and fire on the floor, before the same fire in a room with high ceilings - CORRECT ANSWER Flashover" "This fire phenomenon is not really a consideration for wildfires - CORRECT ANSWER Flashover" "These construction features are tested for fire spread from below, but NOT from above - CORRECT ANSWER Floor Assemblies" "The two mechanisms of convection heat transfer - CORRECT ANSWER Forced and Natural" "This law allows fire investigators to gain information, in most states - CORRECT ANSWER Freedom of Information Act" "Any substance that can undergo combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel" "Total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area (expressed in heat units or the equivalent weight in wood) - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel load" "This system in a vehicle has the following sequence of components: Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel injector/carburetor, manifold, and cylinders. - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel System" "Type of burning that occurs in the early stages of a compartment fire - CORRECT ANSWER Fuel-controlled Burning" "The location where firefighters should re-fuel all gas-powered equipment (away from the fire scene) - CORRECT ANSWER Remote Area" "NFPA is not this type of institute - CORRECT ANSWER Government Institute" "NFPA 921 is this type of document - CORRECT ANSWER Guide" "The information presented in NFPA 921 establishes WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Guidelines" "Biological, chemical, physical, and radiological are examples of this concept that fire investigators should be aware of when investigating a fire scene - CORRECT ANSWER Hazards" "The first cutting unit on a combine - CORRECT ANSWER Header" "The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface - CORRECT ANSWER Heat flux" "The amount of heat released during complete combustion, which is considered a constant for a specific fuel (Generally considered a material property and therefore a constant for a specific fuel) - CORRECT ANSWER Heat of Combustion" "The heat energy that brings about ignition (divided into two parts: (a) equipment involved in ignition and (b) form of heat of ignition) - CORRECT ANSWER Heat of Ignition" "The fire characteristic that most affects fire growth during the pre-flashover phase of a fire - CORRECT ANSWER Heat Release Rate" "The transport of heat energy from one point to another point, caused by temperature difference between those points - CORRECT ANSWER Heat transfer" "The fire phenomenon responsible for much of the physical evidence used by fire investigators - CORRECT ANSWER Heat transfer" "The shattering type of explosion damage - CORRECT ANSWER High-Order Damage" "The type of number an investigator should look for during a boat fire investigation - CORRECT ANSWER H.I.N." "This vehicle component will NOT usually ignite gasoline - CORRECT ANSWER Hot Surfaces" "Component of the human body that will act as a fuel and sustain a flame - CORRECT ANSWER Human Body Fat" "Any substance that will spontaneously ignite or explode upon exposure to an oxidizer. - CORRECT ANSWER Hypergolic Material" "Materials that can react with each other - CORRECT ANSWER Hypergolic Materials" "A type of material that, when trapped in a concrete floor, can be recovered by using lime, diatomaceous earth, or non-self-rising flour. - CORRECT ANSWER Ignitable Liquid" "Ignition that involves transferring sufficient heat to a fuel by passage of electrical current to ignite material that is closeby - CORRECT ANSWER Ignition by Electrical Energy" "The minimum temperature needed to heat a fuel so as to ignite and begin self-sustained combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Ignition Temperature" "An item that tends to "pull" toward the heat source (*if over 25 watts) - CORRECT ANSWER Incandescent Light Bulbs" "A category of fire that is strongly indicated by the confirmation of multiple fires - CORRECT ANSWER Incendiary Fire" "A category of fire that is associated with multiple fires and trailers - CORRECT ANSWER Incendiary Fire" "This person can grant permission for a fire investigator to enter a scene before the fire is completely extinguished - CORRECT ANSWER Incident Scene Commander" "The reasoning process of moving from specific observation to broader generalizations (*Induction is to "increase" *Develop hypothesis ("induce") *More uncertain than deduction *Based on empirical data, training, and experience) - CORRECT ANSWER Inductive Reasoning" "Any person, entity, or organization with obligations or whose rights or interest might be affected by the investigation of a specific incident - CORRECT ANSWER Interested Party" "(1) Trust, (2) Caution, and (3) Distrust are three types of what? - CORRECT ANSWER Interviews" "This fire pattern is often caused by a natural gas leak - CORRECT ANSWER Inverted Cone Pattern" "Fire patterns commonly created when a vertical flame plume does not reach the ceiling - CORRECT ANSWER Inverted Cone Patterns" "In what group is one representative selected from each investigative party? - CORRECT ANSWER Team Leader Committee" "A certain pattern that is not necessarily an indicator of the presence of an ignitable liquid - CORRECT ANSWER Irregular Pattern" "A professional description that (1) describes the specific job task, (2) lists items necessary to complete the task, and (3) describes measurable outcomes and evaluations for the task - CORRECT ANSWER Job Performance Requirement" "These can occur simultaneously and involve separate and independent examinations through which each party may develop an independent hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Joint Investigations" "Which of these fuels has the lowest ignition temperature: kerosene, gasoline, methane, or propane? - CORRECT ANSWER Kerosene" "The type of energy that is converted suddenly from potential energy during an explosion, with the production and release of gases under pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER Kinetic Energy" "This entity must confirm any sample obtained by canine alert, to be considered valid - CORRECT ANSWER Laboratory Analysis" "One of the most dangerous situations an investigator may encounter when examining a boat afloat after a fire - CORRECT ANSWER Lack of Stability" "This material is NOT acceptable to be used on the exterior (but is acceptable for the interior). - CORRECT ANSWER Laminated Wood" "The amount of heat absorbed by a substance during its change from a liquid to vapor - CORRECT ANSWER Latent Heat of Vaporization" "Static electricity flowing from cloud to ground or from cloud to cloud - CORRECT ANSWER Lightning" "One form of static electricity - CORRECT ANSWER Lightning" "The lightning occurrence that is less likely to cause a fire (compared to cloud-to-ground) - CORRECT ANSWER Cloud-to-Cloud" "Borders of fire patterns - CORRECT ANSWER Lines of Demarcation" "Type of explosion damage that heaves or pushes - CORRECT ANSWER Low-Order Damage" "Fire often causes standard copper conductors to do WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Melt and Fuse Together Lengthwise" "The two basic types of fire patterns - CORRECT ANSWER Movement and Intensity" "The term associated with the air and gas flow in a compartment fire - CORRECT ANSWER Neutral Plane" "The position on a receptacle, where the cord's wider prong is forced to plug into, due to a change that was made to 20-amp cords in 1987 - CORRECT ANSWER Neutral Position" "The national applicable performance standards for fire investigators - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 1033" "NFPA standard that prohibits gas piping in air ducts, clothes chutes, and elevator shafts - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 54" "The NFPA standard for hazard identification - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 704" "NFPA hazard placard: red TOP (flammability) yellow RIGHT (instability) blue LEFT (health) white BOTTOM (special/specific) *(0 minimal to 4 severe hazard) - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 704" "Not every portion of WHAT document is essential to every fire or explosion incident - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA 921" "To submit a proposal to the NFPA 921 Committee, forms are available from the _____________________. - CORRECT ANSWER NFPA website" "Type of construction principally used in industrial type buildings - CORRECT ANSWER Noncombustible" "This protects confidential, trade secret, and propriety information in a fire investigation - CORRECT ANSWER Nondisclosure Agreement" "During a major investigation involving multiple tenants, this should NOT be allowed until after the entire area has been examined and safety concerns have been addressed - CORRECT ANSWER Occupant Access" "The primary difference between Ordinary and Frame constructions involves mostly the construction of WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Exterior Walls" "One type of valve commonly used to control water flow to fire sprinkler system *which is open when the position of the stem is up - CORRECT ANSWER Outside Screw and Yoke" "The electrical compromise between an energized wire and a ground wire - CORRECT ANSWER Overcurrent" "The process of extinguishing hotspots and searching for hidden fires, after suppression efforts - CORRECT ANSWER Overhaul" "A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER Oxidation" "The basic chemical process associated with combustion - CORRECT ANSWER Oxidation" "This occurs when there is a poor electrical connection - CORRECT ANSWER Oxide Interface" "A material that is NOT commonly subject to self-heating - CORRECT ANSWER Paper" "While the scene is being "dug out" or excavated, this technique is used throughout the investigation process to document the sequence of events. - CORRECT ANSWER Photography" "When the origin is clearly defined, it is possible to make a credible determination regarding the cause of the fire, even without the availability of WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical Evidence of the Cause" "A fuel item that has the greatest peak heat release rate (in unconfined burning). - CORRECT ANSWER Polyurethane Sofa" "This evidence can be identified, which indicates pre-death trauma in a fire fatality - CORRECT ANSWER Pooled Blood under the Body" "This device is generally used to control the flow of water to a sprinkler system, hydrant, or another device with underground piping - CORRECT ANSWER Post-indicator Valve" "The rate at which energy is used - CORRECT ANSWER Power" "This concept regarding physical evidence and the fire scene in general is NOT the sole responsibility of the fire investigator. - CORRECT ANSWER Preservation" "The remains of this component of an appliance may indicate if it was operating at the time of the incident - CORRECT ANSWER Protection Device" "During a major investigation, this agreed-upon procedure is important to establish and follow when a particular item is deemed evidence. - CORRECT ANSWER Protocol" "A common post-mortem response of the body to heat, resulting in the contracting of muscles as a direct result of the fire. - CORRECT ANSWER Pugilistic Posture" "A process in which material is decomposed, or broken down, into simpler molecular compounds by the effects of heat alone - CORRECT ANSWER Pyrolysis" "Any substance that spontaneously ignites upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. - CORRECT ANSWER Pyrophoric Material" "This item may be found on a boat because they are often used in firework events - CORRECT ANSWER Pyrotechnics" "Fire spread from one fuel package to another is generally caused by WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Radiative Ignition" "The ________________________ as determined by witnesses is highly subjective - CORRECT ANSWER Rate of Fire Growth" "The primary goal for an investigator recording and photographing the scene - CORRECT ANSWER Recalling Observations" "This process regarding fuel-powered equipment should be done outside the fire scene perimeter - CORRECT ANSWER Refueling" "This characteristic of structural explosion damage has no direct correlation to the vapor density of the gas-vapor fuel - CORRECT ANSWER Relative Elevation of Damage" "This type of fire spread mechanism has four modes: which are conduction, flame, hot gas layer radiation, and drop down - CORRECT ANSWER Remote Ignition" "Type of heating that results from the passing of an electrical current through a conductor - CORRECT ANSWER Resistance Heating" "This is caused when electricity flows through a loose connection *And, through an oxide interface - CORRECT ANSWER Resistance Heating" "During this firefighting strategy, the use of water hoselines should be restricted and limited, especially in the area of origin. - CORRECT ANSWER Overhaul" "Exigency statutes, Search warrant, Verbal or written consent relate to what key concept when investigating a fire? - CORRECT ANSWER Right to Entry" "Which of these material's surface would heat up the quickest when exposed to radiant flux: oak boards, concrete wall, rigid polystyrene panels, or gypsum plaster? - CORRECT ANSWER Rigid Polystyrene Panels" "These types of constructions or vehicles are similar in many ways to fires in houses and mobile homes. - CORRECT ANSWER RV and Motor Homes" "The first step to be taken by an investigator at the scene of an explosion. - CORRECT ANSWER Secure the Scene" "A process whereby a material undergoes a chemical reaction and increases in temperature solely due to exothermic reactions between the material and the surrounding atmosphere - CORRECT ANSWER Self-Heating" "Type of photography that is helpful in understanding the relationship of a small subject to its relative position in a larger area - CORRECT ANSWER Sequential Photographs" "Geographic area, clusters, temporal frequency, and materials and methods are useful in identifying and establishing this act - CORRECT ANSWER Serial Fire-Setting" "At a minimum, this investigative practice should be done on all fire scenes - CORRECT ANSWER Simple Sketch" "Determining which pattern was produced at the point of origin becomes more difficult as WHAT increases? - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Size and Duration" "The softening and loosening of the wire's thermoplastic insulation due to heating (fire) - CORRECT ANSWER Sleeving" "Whether a hole burned into a horizontal surface was created from above or below may be identified by examining WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Sloping Sides" "This type of fire normally produces char that results from thermal decomposition - CORRECT ANSWER Smoldering" "A subcategory of revenge/retaliation that is generally not satisfied with a single fire - CORRECT ANSWER Societal-motivated Arson" "Fire scene examinations should NOT be conducted in WHAT MANNER? - CORRECT ANSWER Solo" "Damage and fire patterns occurring to concrete that is NOT a positive indicator of a liquid accelerant - CORRECT ANSWER Spalling" "The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard (usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas) - CORRECT ANSWER Specific Gravity" "The ratio of the average molecular weight of a gas or vapor to the average molecular weight of air - CORRECT ANSWER Specific Gravity of Air" "Thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity are the three components of WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Thermal Inertia" "A specific type of protective device that motors are generally equipped with in a counter-top appliance, which may reset when the motor cools - CORRECT ANSWER Thermal Protector" "More people are killed by this in a fire incident, not necessarily by the flames of fire - CORRECT ANSWER Toxic Gases" "Fire patterns that indicate a deliberate attempt to distribute fire from one location to another - CORRECT ANSWER Trailers" "An investigator should notify this person(s) upon finding an incendiary device that has not activated - CORRECT ANSWER Trained Personnel" "A mechanism used to reduce voltages from the normal 120 V and to isolate the rest of an appliance from the supply circuit - CORRECT ANSWER Transformer" "The type of pipeline used to convey natural gas from the storage or production facilities to local utilities - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission" "The hottest point of an engine, which uses exhaust gases for propulsion - CORRECT ANSWER Turbocharger" "The noncombustible construction type, made of steel and concrete with fire resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1 Construction" "The noncombustible construction type, made of steel and concrete; but with little to no fire resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Type 2 Construction" "The Ordinary construction type, with masonry or noncombustible exterior walls - CORRECT ANSWER Type 3 Construction" "Heavy timber or mill construction type - CORRECT ANSWER Type 4 Construction" "Wood framed construction type - CORRECT ANSWER Type 5 Construction" "Which will create more damage in an explosion: the Upper or Lower Explosive Limit? - CORRECT ANSWER Upper Explosive Limit" "The entity, where an investigator can obtain recall information regarding fire causes in boats and the manufacturer, model, and year - CORRECT ANSWER U.S. Coast Guard" "An immediate concern to the fire investigator is the status of the structure's WHAT? - CORRECT ANSWER Utilities" "A type of fire dynamics analysis model that divides the room into many cells (*Field or CFD model) - CORRECT ANSWER Computational Fluid Dynamics Model" "What is the product found by multiplying current (amps) times voltage (volts)? - CORRECT ANSWER Power (Watts)" "Color coded sprinkler head bulbs, range from what colors? (*From low to high temp: orange, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black) - CORRECT ANSWER Orange to Black (Low to High)" "The ignition source that requires that heat transfer from an electrical source be maintained long enough to bring the adjacent fuel up to its ignition temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER Electrical Ignition" "An outside screw and yoke valve is open when the stem is in WHAT position - CORRECT ANSWER Up Position" "Formula for Ohm's Law - CORRECT ANSWER Volts = current times resistance (v=ir)" "Formula for power - CORRECT ANSWER Power = volts times current (p=vi)" "Rule of Nines" - CORRECT ANSWER Medical concept, where major body areas are represented by increments of 9% *For example the head equals 9%" "109F - CORRECT ANSWER In hyperthermia, what core body temperature is generally fatal within minutes unless treated?" "4.0 to 10 w.c. - CORRECT ANSWER The typical water column range for gas service lines" "4th Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER The amendment concerning search and seizure *Remember "knocking"" "5th Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER The amendment concerning pleading, grand jury and double jeopardy *Remember "hand over mouth"" "6th Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER The amendment concerning speedy trial, impartial, right to counsel, and face witness *Remember "point to wrist watch"" "Absolute - CORRECT ANSWER The temperature scale based on the lowest possible temperature of absolute zero" "Acute - CORRECT ANSWER A type of toxicity exposure that involves a one time exposure at a high level" "Advancing - CORRECT ANSWER The burned section of a wildfire that an investigator should enter first in order to begin examining the wildfire" "Aerial Layer - CORRECT ANSWER The layer in wildfire investigations, which begins at six feet above and up and includes branches, tree moss, and leaves" "Ambient Wind - CORRECT ANSWER The factor or force that can potentially overcome the fire's tendency to burn uphill, and in turn force the fire to burn downhill" "Ampacity - CORRECT ANSWER Conductor capacity" "Ampere - CORRECT ANSWER Unit of electrical current" "Arc - CORRECT ANSWER Luminous electrical discharge across a gap" "BLEVE - CORRECT ANSWER The most frequently encountered mechanical explosion" "BLEVE - CORRECT ANSWER An event that occurs when a vessel's contents are liquid and heating causes the liquid to exceed its boiling point and failure of the vessel occurs" "Rapid Boiling - CORRECT ANSWER This is the mechanism in a Mechanical Explosion, along with the expansion of pressurized gas" "Bow - CORRECT ANSWER The front of a boat" "Breaker Panel - CORRECT ANSWER In an electrical system, this device primarily functions as a main cutoff, electrical protection, and power distribution" "Buoyant Force - CORRECT ANSWER A force that is generated by temperature differences *Due to hot air rising because its less dense" "Buoyant Force - CORRECT ANSWER Fire plumes, ceiling jets and vent flows are examples of what type of force at work during a fire?" "Cable Staple - CORRECT ANSWER This structural component cannot be driven through insulation when properly installed" "252 Calories & 1055 Joules - CORRECT ANSWER One BTU is equal to ________ calories *Which is equal to _________ Joules" "Carbon Dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER A type of suppression agent that is effective because it is non-corrosive, residue-less, non-conductive, and universally useful on most combustibles" "Carbon Monoxide - CORRECT ANSWER Binds with hemoglobin in the blood approximately 250 times greater than oxygen" "Cascading - CORRECT ANSWER Another name for a secondary or subsequent explosion" "Catalytic Convertor and Turbocharger - CORRECT ANSWER Name the other two hottest components in a vehicle, other than the exhaust system." "Changed or Transferred - CORRECT ANSWER One law of energy says that energy can not be created or destroyed; but can only be what?" "Chemical Explosion - CORRECT ANSWER Flammable gases, vapors of ignitable liquids, combustible dusts, backdraft explosion, and aerosols are examples of fuels often involved in what type of explosion?" "Chronic - CORRECT ANSWER A type of toxicity exposure that involves a low-level of continuous exposure" "Closed - CORRECT ANSWER The type of electrical system that involves a current flowing in a loop or complete circuit." "Combustibles - CORRECT ANSWER These materials produce essentially the same flame temperature as ignitable liquids." "Combustion - CORRECT ANSWER A rapid oxidation process, as opposed to slow oxidation" "Commercial Propane - CORRECT ANSWER A type of gas that is liquefied under pressure for storage and is heavier than air (1.5 to 2.0 vapor density)" "Condensed-Phase Explosive - CORRECT ANSWER A solid explosive that is characterized by high pressures, crushing effects, and typically pronounced seats" "Condensed-Phase Explosion - CORRECT ANSWER Explosions involving a solid--as opposed to a diffuse fuel--in which the fuel and oxidizer is mechanically mixed or the material itself can be rapidly and molecularly converted" "Conductors - CORRECT ANSWER These provide a pathway for current to flow in an electrical system" "Congestion and Confinement - CORRECT ANSWER These two conditions are essential for an outdoor vapor cloud explosion to occur, otherwise the ignition of the flammable cloud would merely produce a flash fire" "Connection Points - CORRECT ANSWER The typical location on a circuit where electrical overheating is most likely to occur (eg. loose connection or resistive oxide at the connection)" "Contamination - CORRECT ANSWER Inhalation, cutaneous, ingestion, injection and ocular are the five routes of what?" "Convertor - CORRECT ANSWER A device in an RV that transforms AC to DC" "Cumulative - CORRECT ANSWER A type of toxicity exposure that involves repeated exposure over time" "Cupping - CORRECT ANSWER A fire pattern in a wildfire, where the grass or foliage is beveled on the side facing the fire" "Curiosity - CORRECT ANSWER The most common reason for children playing with fire" "Daubert Challenge - CORRECT ANSWER A legal challenge to the reliability of expert's opinions, utilized to discover the method's testability, peer-reviewed, error rate, and community acceptance" "Dead Load - CORRECT ANSWER The weight of the building's materials" "Deck - CORRECT ANSWER A permanent covering over a boat's compartment/ hull" "Deflagration - CORRECT ANSWER A type of blastwave that is subsonic and does not produce a shockwave" "Deflagration and Detonation - CORRECT ANSWER The two main classes of combustion explosions" "Deposition - CORRECT ANSWER A legal procedure that is part of discovery and seeks to obtain and preserve a testimony" "Detonation - CORRECT ANSWER A type of oxidation reaction and chemical explosion that produces a shockwave" "Detonation - CORRECT ANSWER A type of blastwave that is supersonic and produces a shockwave" "Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER The most common pressure regulator in a fuel gas system" "Diffuse Fuel - CORRECT ANSWER Suspended fuel that is capable of being ignited and propagating a flame front *such as gas, dust, aerosol, mist, and particulate" "Diffuse-Phase Explosion - CORRECT ANSWER A rapid combustion of a gas, vapor, mist or dust--that is premixed with air--leading to an explosion" "Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER When the fuel and air mix at the region of combustion (eg. candle)" "Diffusion Burning - CORRECT ANSWER The ordinary sustained burning mode in most fires" "Discovery - CORRECT ANSWER This legal procedure involving these three forms: a written request to produce, interrogatories, and depositions" "Drying Oil or Linseed Oil - CORRECT ANSWER The most common consumer product that can self-heat and spontaneously ignite" "Duration - CORRECT ANSWER The primary distinction between a spark and an arc" "Ejecta - CORRECT ANSWER The material thrown out of crater during a seated explosion" "Empirical Scale - CORRECT ANSWER A temperature scale based on the freezing and boiling of water (eg. Fahrenheit and Celsius)" "Electrical Ignition - CORRECT ANSWER (1) An electrical component being energized and (2) sufficient heat igniting nearby combustibles are the two primary conditions for what type of ignition to occur?" "Energy - CORRECT ANSWER A property of matter manifes