WGU D027 OA FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 100% GUARANTEED PASS!! <LATEST VERSION>

WGU D027 OA FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 100% GUARANTEED PASS!! &lt;LATEST VERSION&gt; “What is the gold standard for the suspected diagnosis of Celiac Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy" "Which statement should the provider give the patient regarding the pathophysiology of SLE and its relation to thrombocytopenia? - CORRECT ANSWER SLE disrupts immune homeostasis and promotes development of self-reactive antibodies." "A female patient presents to an office to establish care. Her previous primary care provider told her to follow up regarding an elevated ferritin level. She has no previous medical history and is currently asymptomatic. She is concerned about the elevated ferritin and would like to know if she should be worried. What should the provider do next for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Order a liver function test" "A 75-year-old female presents to the emergency department with an irregular heart rate of 130.What can be ascertained about this patient's findings given the limited information? - CORRECT ANSWER She is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and needs her heart rate controlled with metoprolol (Lopressor)." "A 28-year-old married female presents to primary care accompanied by her husband with complaints of weight gain, fatigue, muscle aches, bloating, constipation, and difficulty concentrating. The patient explains that she has been experiencing these symptoms with increasing frequency over the last two months and reports feeling upset that she has gained 10 pounds over the past month despite no significant changes in dietary intake or activity level. The patient holds a bachelor's degree and is employed full time as an accountant. The patient reports feeling frustrated with her poor concentration and identifies recent work errors to be due to this symptom. The patient explains that she and her spouse plan to start trying to conceive soon, and she is worried that she may have trouble becoming pregnant. The patient reports using over-the-counter laxative products over the last week to combat constipation. The patient repo - CORRECT ANSWER 5.31 mIU/L" "A 74- year-old male with Cushing syndrome presents to the emergency department (ED) with pain in his left leg, and is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).What is this patient's symptoms related to? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated Von Willebrand factor" "A 42-year-old asthmatic who has been using beta-adrenergic agonists for several years began to experience premature atrial contractions (PACs). To treat the PACs, metoprolol (Toprol XL) therapy was started.What is a likely consequence of this patient taking metoprolol (Toprol XL)? - CORRECT ANSWER Metoprolol (Toprol XL) worsened asthma symptoms, but improved the PACs. -- Beta blockers are widely used in the management of cardiac conditions and thyrotoxicosis, and to reduce perioperative complications. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been classic contraindications to the use of beta blockers because of their potential for causing bronchospasm." "Which inhaler prescription would support long-acting treatment for twice-daily use in controlled asthma management? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (Advair Diskus) --Fluticasone and salmeterol is a combination of two medicines that are used to help control the symptoms of asthma and improve breathing." "A 65-year-old male presents for a visit regarding his type 2 diabetes. He has been dealing with diabetes for the last 15 years. He has a history of diabetic neuropathy in his feet. Six months ago his symptoms were mild to almost nonexistent. He currently describes the neuropathy as painful, and it wakes him up at night. Which medication would be the first line treatment for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Pregabalin (Lyrica)" "A 55-year-old male presents for a new diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. He has experienced gait disorders and a pill rolling tremor. The patient was a former boxer with a history of multiple concussions. He was started on carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet), which has decreased his symptoms. How would an antipsychotic medication such as haloperidol (Haldol) cause an interaction with this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER By antagonizing dopamine" "A 25-year-old female is 35 weeks pregnant and presents for lower back pain. She has a history of moderate lower back pain that she normally controls with stretching, yoga, and ice. The patient reports not being able to engage in stretching and yoga because of the state of her pregnancy. Ice use has been ineffective. After a benign exam and a negative urinalysis, the provider is convinced that the pain is musculoskeletal. The patient inquires if there are any medications she can take for the pain. Which medication does the provider tell the patient she can safely take? - CORRECT ANSWER Acetaminophen (Tylenol)" "A nurse is administering medication to a 67-year-old patient in liver failure, secondary to end-stage cirrhosis. Liver dysfunction can influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Which pharmacokinetic phase is affected in this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Metabolism" "A 17-year-old male patient presents to a clinic for a physical, and he has a diagnosis of moderate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. During the exam, he states he is going to study abroad in Egypt during his sophomore year, and he has concerns about his nutrition while being away from home. Which counseling about the patient's deficiency should the advanced professional nurse (APN) give to this patient while he studies abroad? - CORRECT ANSWER Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is safe to consume." "A 72-year-old male patient with chronic atrial fibrillation is currently taking digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse knows this medication helps with irregular heartbeat but that it can have side effects. What should the nurse do before administering this patient's next dose of digoxin? - CORRECT ANSWER Obtain the patient's apical pulse -- Apical pulse should be taken for a full minute before administration of this medication. If the apical pulse is less than 60, the dose should be withheld and the prescribing provider notified. Serum digoxin levels should be monitored, with a normal therapeutic range from 0.8 to 2 ng/mL." "An intravenous (IV) therapy nurse receives several pages within a few minutes from various places within the hospital on a Saturday morning. The IV therapy nurse returns all the pages to obtain additional triage information. Which patient should the IV therapy nurse see first? - CORRECT ANSWER A patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) who needs IV access for an insulin drip" "A 76-year-old female with a history of hypertension (HTN) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with abdominal pain and approximately three to four watery stools a day. She has a basic metabolic panel (BMP) revealing the following: sodium 140, potassium 3.3, chloride 90, glucose 155, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 46, creatinine 1.6, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 40. The patient's medications include lisinopril (Zestril), fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair), and tiotropium (Spiriva). She has no other significant medical history. Vital signs are as follows: temperature of 98°F, heart rate of 78, blood pressure of 120/80, respiratory rate of 18, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 98%.Which treatment should the nurse administer first based on this patient's lab results? - CORRECT ANSWER Administer intravenous fluids" "A 16-year-old female presents to primary care accompanied by her mother with complaints of chronic fatigue, muscle aches, headaches, and dizziness for the last several months with increasing frequency and severity. The patient is a high school student, and she reports that she passed out today during chemistry. The patient is in a healthy, new relationship with a student at her school. She reports using over-the-counter ibuprofen (Motrin) three times over the last week to manage her symptoms. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 89/58, P 92 and R 22. The patient is 5 feet, 2 inches tall and weighs 103 pounds. On palpation, the thyroid is not enlarged. The patient has a normal sinus rhythm and regular rate. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally. Her abdomen is soft and bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. She has a steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon ambula - CORRECT ANSWER Rowing" "A 71-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy presents to an appointment with his primary care provider to address many physical and emotional complaints secondary to his worsening pain. The patient explains that he has been struggling with increased sadness over arranging his end-of-life care and feels that his exacerbation of pain coincides with the timing of his increased sorrow. Patient reports struggling with poor sleep due to grief and aches and restlessness in his legs. He reports increased fatigue and poor energy. Which pharmacological treatment would be helpful for the patient to manage his symptoms and lead to improved sleep? - CORRECT ANSWER Mirtazapine (Remeron) --Mirtazapine has been found to reduce the time it takes for a person to fall asleep, as well as reducing the duration of early, light stages of sleep and increasing deep sleep 2. It also slightly reduces REM sleep (dream sleep) and night-time waking and improves the continuity and overall quality of sleep" "A 71-year-old male with stage IV metastatic prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy presents to an appointment with his primary care provider to address many physical and emotional complaints secondary to his worsening pain. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 128/72, P 74 and R 18. The patient is 6 foot, 1 inch tall and weighs 188 pounds. The patient has a normal sinus rhythm and regular rate. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally, however, the patient complains of pain in his chest at the sternum, which he rates a 4 on a numeric scale of 0-10. He identifies pain in his lower spine post fall yesterday morning and rates it a 7 and aching pain in bilateral lower extremities that has increased from an intermittent 3 to a consistent 5 on a numerical scale of 0-10 over the past month. Additionally, the patient explains that he has been struggling with increased sadness over arranging his - CORRECT ANSWER Attend weekly group on radical acceptance" "A 71-year-old male with stage IV metastatic prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy presents to an appointment with his primary care provider to address many physical and emotional complaints secondary to his worsening pain. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 128/72, P 74 and R 18. The patient is 6 foot, 1 inch tall and weighs 188 pounds. The patient has a normal sinus rhythm and regular rate. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally, however, the patient complains of pain in his chest at the sternum, which he rates a 4 on a numeric scale of 0-10. He identifies pain in his lower spine post fall yesterday morning and rates it a 7 and aching pain in bilateral lower extremities that has increased from an intermittent 3 to a consistent 5 on a numerical scale of 0-10 over the past month.Additionally, the patient explains that he has been struggling with increased sadness over arranging his e - CORRECT ANSWER Bone scan --Bone health It can treat high blood calcium levels. In addition it can treat bone damage caused by Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, and cancers that spread to the bone. It can also treat osteoporosis and reduce the risk of hip fractures in certain patients." "A 70-year-old male with a history of myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and epilepsy arrives at a neurologist's office for a battery of tests to assess his memory function. His family reports some decline in cognitive functioning, with memory impairment as the primary complaint. The family states they have heard ginkgo biloba is helpful for improving memory. The neurologist asks the family if the patient has ever been prescribed a prescription medication such as donepezil (Aricept) for memory function, which the family denies. The family informs the neurologist that the patient is on the following medications: clopidogrel (Plavix) 75 mg every day, ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent) 1 puff four times daily, and levetiracetam (Keppra) 500 mg twice daily. What is a potential adverse effect of ginkgo biloba based on this patient's profile? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased risk of bleeding" "A 26-year-old male presented to the emergency department accompanied by his mother with complaints of an exacerbation of psychotic symptoms secondary to his diagnosis of schizophrenia. He explained that he was diagnosed at age 20 and has struggled to sustain his typical baseline functioning for any extended period of time despite multiple antipsychotic medication trials. He has been taking risperidone (Risperdal) for approximately six months. A focused assessment revealed the following: Patient has been struggling with auditory and visual hallucinations that are command in nature. He reports experiencing suicidal ideation. Patient denies homicidal ideation. He has temporarily been residing with his mother for the past week due to intrusive suicidal thoughts and hallucinations that increase when at his apartment. The mother reported that this morning the patient became increasingly agitated and was screaming and throw - CORRECT ANSWER Prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress) --Physicians prescribe prazosin, sold under the brand name of Minipress, to treat nightmares for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." "A 51-year-old female was voluntarily admitted to the inpatient adult unit at the psychiatric hospital with complaints of excessive worry, panic, anhedonia, difficulty concentrating, and endorsed hopelessness and helplessness. Following a focused assessment, depression has been ruled out. Which as-needed (PRN) medication should be started to support the management of this patient's symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) --Vistaril is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of anxiety, itching or hives on the skin and as preoperative sedation." "A 51-year-old female was voluntarily admitted to the inpatient adult unit at the psychiatric hospital with complaints of excessive worry, panic, anhedonia, difficulty concentrating, and endorsed hopelessness and helplessness. A focused assessment revealed the following: The patient explained that her severe impairment in functioning has progressed due to a vacant relationship with her spouse of 15 years and her stressful job as a Human Resources Benefits Manager. She was recently promoted to this position and reports, "I should never have been promoted. I have never been good at my job, and all I do is mess up all of the time." The patient reports missing work often and has not presented to work in four days. She denies having a support system and reports struggling with isolation and loneliness. She reports poor sleep with difficulty falling and staying asleep, accompanied by frequent stressful dreams about work. Pa - CORRECT ANSWER Lavender lemon balm" "A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding with the nurse associate with this? A. Absence of P waves B. Short PR interval C. QT interval variability D. Prolonged QRS interval - CORRECT ANSWER D. Prolonged QRS interval --The QRS complex represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization therefore a prolonged QRS interval would be suggestive ventricular depolarization abnormalities. For example, heart failure or bundle branch block or myocardial infarction." "Which vitamin may be used as concomitant therapy in managing a patient with schizophrenia? A. Vitamin B1 B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E - CORRECT ANSWER A. Vitamin B1 Recent evidence shows that the B vitamins decrease both positive and negative features of schizophrenia." "A 29 yo pregnant patient presents with a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which medication should the nurse anticipate giving? A. low molecular weight heparin B. Fondaparinux C. Unfractionated heparin D. Vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER C. Unfractionated heparin LMWH has less of an effect on thrombin compared to heparin" "A nurse notes that a child has discoloration of several teeth. The nurse will ask about which medication group? A. Glucocorticoids B. Tetracyclines C. Sulfonamides D. Salicylates - CORRECT ANSWER B. Tetracyclines --Tetracyclines cause discoloration in developing teeth in children. Glucocorticoids are associated with growth suppression. Salicylates are associated with Reye syndrome. Sulfonamides are associated with kernicterus in newborns." "Which of the following medications is an alpha 1 and nonselective beta blocker? A. Atenolol B. Metoprolol C. Propanolol D. Carvedilol - CORRECT ANSWER D. Carvedilol --Carvedilol is a nonselective β-blocker which, in addition, has alpha vasodilatory effects by blockade of the α-receptor." "If taken with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which herbal product can increase risk of serotonin syndrome? A. St. John's wort B. Kava kava C. Ginkgo biloba D. Valerian root - CORRECT ANSWER A. St. John's wort --Taking St. John's wort with antidepressants might increase the risk of the accumulation of high levels of serotonin in your body. Too much serotonin can cause mild to severe side effects." "A 12-year-old-child patient presents to the clinic and report signs and symptoms consistent with asthma. How would the healthcare professional objectively confirm this diagnosis? A. Draw serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophils B. Measure expiratory flow rate and spirometry testing C. Assess for parental history of asthma D. Give a trial of asthma medication and check for improvement - CORRECT ANSWER B. Measure expiratory flow rate and spirometry testing --To objectively diagnose asthma, pulmonary function testing using spirometry can be accomplished after a child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced expiratory flow rates that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would be characteristic abnormalities found on a PFT." "Recommended duration of using antianxiety agents like the benzodiazepine group, when treating anxiety disorders is: A. Generally given for 4 to 6 months B. Continued at least six months after remission is achieved C. Continued indefinitely with the first diagnosis of the condition D. Titrated to the highest dose recommended after symptom relief is achieved - CORRECT ANSWER Continued at least six months after remission is achieved" "A 36-year-old man with asthma requires antihypertensive therapy. Which one of the medications should be avoided? A. Hydrochlorothiazide B. Propanolol C. Amlodipine D. Enalapril - CORRECT ANSWER B. Propanolol --Propanolol is a beta-2 blocker and contraindicated in patients with chronic respiratory conditions due to the bronchoconstrictive risk this drug would pose." "To determine a patient's adequacy of alveolar ventilation which assessment would be most helpful? A. Venous blood gas shows a PaCO2 of 44 mmHg B. Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic. C. Respiratory effort is strained with muscle involvement. D. Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO2 of 44 mmHg - CORRECT ANSWER D. Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO2 of 44 mmHg --Observation of the ventilatory rate, pattern, or effort cannot determine the adequacy of alveolar ventilation. If a healthcare professional needs to determine the adequacy of ventilation, then an arterial blood gas would be the most helpful." "The mechanism of radioactive iodine in the treatment of Grave's disease is to: A. Destroy the overactive thyroid tissue B. Reduce the production of TSH C. Alter thyroid metabolic rate D. Relieve distress caused by increased thyroid size - CORRECT ANSWER A. Destroy the overactive thyroid tissue --By decreasing viability of a portion of the thyroid gland the aim is to have normal levels of thyroid hormone produced." "When norepinephrine binds with alpha-2 receptors, the expected physiologic response is which one of the following? A. Bradycardia B. Tachycardia C. Bladder relaxation D. Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER A. Bradycardia --" "A patient receiving the loop diuretic furosemide may experience which "first dose" adverse reaction? A. Hypokalemia B. Ototoxicity C. Nephrotoxicity D. Hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER D. Hypotension --The loop diuretic category is the fastest acting diuretic therefore the first dose adverse effect most common would be hypotension. Hypokalemia may also be the case if the patient had borderline low potassium before receiving the medication but that information is not evident. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are more common with repeated doses of this medication category." "A 30-week pregnant female should not receive which vaccine? A. Tdap B. Influenza C. Hepatitis B D. varicella - CORRECT ANSWER D. varicella --The effects of the varicella vaccine are unknown therefore this vaccine is contraindicated. Congenital defects are a possible consequence to the fetus when live vaccines are administered during pregnancy, particularly the first 2 trimesters. Non-pregnant females should not become pregnant for at least 1 month after receiving the vaccine." "Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem? a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. d. Number of mast cells is insufficient. - CORRECT ANSWER c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists." "A patient is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which symptom would indicate the need to assess for the complication of cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure)? a. crackles bilaterally b. generalized arthralgia c. jugular venous distention d. occasional constipation - CORRECT ANSWER c. jugular venous distention Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include the following: hepatosplenomegaly, extremity edema, ascites, jugular venous distention" "A parent asks the healthcare professional to explain why a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot squats often. What explanation by the professional is best? a. It helps to alleviate chest pain b. Relieves hypoxia c. Controls vertigo d. Improves constant headaches - CORRECT ANSWER b. Relieves hypoxia Squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children with Tetralogy of Fallot to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava." "Knowing the side effects of second-generation antihistamines, which one would the healthcare professional recommend for seasonal allergic rhinitis because of its well-documented safety and efficacy? a. Cetirizine b. Diphenhydramine c. Loratidine d. Fexofenadine - CORRECT ANSWER d. Fexofenadine" "A 16-year-old high school student who is going through a growth spurt has a baseline laboratory test done during a routine physical exam. The serum alkaline phosphate base level is expected to be: a. Normal b. Higher than normal c. Lower than normal d. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. Higher than normal Alkaline phosphate is a group of related enzymes. The bone form of the enzymes creates the alkaline conditions it requires to be the most active with a chemical reaction involving osteoblasts. Because of the rapid bone growth and increased deposition of calcium during the adolescent growth spurt, there is a higher level of enzymes." "A 12 year-old-child patient presents to the clinic and report signs and symptoms consistent with asthma. How would the healthcare professional confirm this diagnosis? a. Measure expiratory flow rate with spirometry testing b. Draw serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil levels c. Assess for a parental history of asthma d. Give a trial of asthma medication and check for improvement - CORRECT ANSWER a. Measure expiratory flow rate with spirometry testing Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma relies on pulmonary function testing using spirometry, which can be accomplished after the child is 5 to 6 years of age. Reduced expiratory flow rates that are reversible in response to an inhaled bronchodilator would be characteristic abnormalities." "Which of the following antihypertensive mediations should the nurse practitioner avoid when treating a patient with emphysema? a. Calcium channel blockers b. ACE inhibitors c. Beta blockers d. Diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER c. Beta blockers Beta blockers can narrow bronchial airways and constrict blood vessels. Patients with asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis should avoid beta blockers if possible." "A 70-year old patient is concerned that he is becoming forgetful. He wants the APRN to recommend ways to prevent this from happening. Which of the following is an evidenced based recommendation? a. Begin to take a vitamin B12 supplement b. Make sure to get 8-9 hours of sleep per night c. Stay well hydrated with 8 glasses of fluid per day d. Play cards or word games with friends several times a week - CORRECT ANSWER d. Play cards or word games with friends several times a week It is important to patient who are concerned with Dementia to do activities that promote memory and learning so social engage with friends." "Which of the following are considered dietary supplements? Select all that apply. a. Atorvastatin b. Aspirin c. St. John's Wort d. Vitamin B12 e. Lactobacilli - CORRECT ANSWER c. St. John's Wort d. Vitamin B12 Dietary supplements are defined by the FDA as a product designed to be ingested which add nutritional value to the diet including vitamins, minerals, botanical agents, amino acids or herbal agents. Atorvastatin and aspirin are not categorized as dietary supplements based on the definition provided by the FDA." "The cornerstone of pharmacotherapy in treating Alzheimer's disease is: a. Cholinesterase inhibitors b. NMDA receptor antagonist c. Psychotropic medications d. Anxiolytics - CORRECT ANSWER a. Cholinesterase inhibitors" "A six-year-old female patient arrives with history of decreased urine output, malaise and abdominal pain. A urinalysis shows presence of protein, red blood cells and Burr cells. Which of the following differential diagnoses is highest in likelihood? a. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) b. Glomerulonephritis c. Urinary tract infection d. Pyelonephritis e. Renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER a. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)" "A clinic-based task force is assigned with designing practices that help providers prioritize patient care. They decide to initiate which of the following a. Increased patient appointment times to facilitate appropriate treatment plans b. Web-linked electronic health records that facilitate identification of clinical options based on clinical decision support tools c. More accurate, patient-specific nursing care plans that include patient decision-making d. Increased hiring of providers to efficiently and successfully develop appropriate patient treatment plans. - CORRECT ANSWER b. Web-linked electronic health records that facilitate identification of clinical options based on clinical decision support tools EHRs have long been recognized as effective tools for patient prioritization but have never been effectively used. The other choices are not presented in the article as possible options." “During the body's inflammatory process, what causes edema? Vasodilation of blood vessels Emigration of neutrophils Endothelial cell expansion Increased capillary permeability - CORRECT ANSWER Increased capillary permeability. The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels causing swelling (edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for inflammation induced edema" "A 56-year-old diabetic patient has not taken his insulin in 4 days due to him "feeling well without it". He is admitted to the ED with an elevated blood sugar. What electrolyte should be assessed FIRST? - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium Sodium Potassium Chloride ANS: Potassium. Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium. Without insulin, potassium does not get transported to the intracellular environment and the serum potassium will rise." "A 46-year-old women is considering having another child. The healthcare providers are explaining to the woman that children born to women late in life have an increase rate in having children with which condition. - CORRECT ANSWER Kawasaki's disease Down syndrome Down syndrome risk increases with Maternal age. Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome" "A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what? - CORRECT ANSWER Reduced insulin production by the pancreas Increased resistance to insulin in the cells People with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from insulin resistance. Obesity causes this resistance so their cells have difficulty using insulin. Obesity does not lead to reduced insulin production, obstructed insulin outflow, or stimulation of glucose production. Obstructed outflow of insulin from the pancreas Stimulation of glucose production by the liver" "When evaluating a patient for hypertensive target organ damage, the APRN looks for evidence of: - CORRECT ANSWER Lipid abnormality Insulin resistance Left ventricular hypertrophy Clotting disorders" "On ultrasound a patient had 4-chamber dilation with an ejection fraction of 15% and a pleural effusion on chest x-ray. Elevated liver function tests, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesema are seen on lab results. Blood pressure is 115/60 and heart rate is 110 bpm with regular rate and rhythm, respiratory rate 30 bpm and O2 saturation is 88% on room air. Initial therapy should include all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER Diuretic ACE Inhibitor Digoxin Beta Blocker" A patient in the emergency department is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI). The initial cardiac troponin 1 level was negative. What action by the healthcare professional is best? - CORRECT ANSWER Administer thrombolytic therapy. Discharge the patient. Schedule repeat troponin within a few hours. Several cardiac biomarkers exist including the most specific, cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI), cTnI begins to rise within 2 to 4 hours after cardiac injury, so if the initial result is normal, the test should be repeated within 6 to 9 hours and again at 12 to 24 hours. It is not known yet if the patient has had an MI so treatment with thrombolytic therapy and/or catheterization would be premature. The patient should not be discharged since the professional suspected an MI. Prepare the patient for cardiac catheterization." "Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? - CORRECT ANSWER Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach Taking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes" "A post-operative patient with gallbladder surgery has an epidural infusion of Astramorph. The patients respiratory rate starts to decline to 9 breaths/minute. Which medication should the healthcare provider anticipate administering to this patient? Protamine sulfate Mucomyst Naloxone Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist that can reverse the effect of both adverse and therapeutic use of opioid narcotic analgesics. Solu-Medrol - CORRECT ANSWER " "A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? - CORRECT ANSWER Draw arterial blood gasses. Assist with a chest tube insertion. In a tension pneumothorax, the site of pleural rupture acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing up during expiration. As more and more air enters the pleural space, air pressure in the pneumothorax begins to exceed barometric pressure. Air pressure in the pleural space pushes against the already recoiled lung, causing compression atelectasis, and against the mediastinum, compressing and displacing the heart, great vessels, and trachea. This is an emergency condition requiring chest tube insertion or immediate needle decompression. Arterial blood gas results will not change the treatment plan. This patient may need oxygen if definitive treatment is delayed, but it would need to be high-flow oxygen. Clubbing of fingernails occurs in chronic hypoxemic conditions. The professional should assist with immediate needle decompression or chest tube insertion. Give the patient low-flow oxygen. Assess for clubbing of fingernails." "A 2-year-old pediatric patient with limited medical history available arrives to an urgent care with excessive irritability and crying. X-rays were obtained and noted to have fractures of the metatarsals of the foot and left tibia. On exam, the nurse notes that the patient seems to have a blue tint to both sclera, and she didn't seem to react normally when the nurse was talking to her. Which diagnosis is most likely in this case? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic abnormality with predominant autosomal dominant inheritance. OI affects bone integrity through a variety of collagen defects. Depending on the type of OI, various manifestations may be concomitant such as appearance of blue sclera, hearing deficits, short stature and/or dental malformations. Calcium deficiency Non-accidental trauma (physical abuse) Osteomyelitis" "Lab results reveal that a 55-year-old male patient with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes has a HgbA1c of 6.9%. A review of his medications reveals that he takes 60 units of Lantus SQ at night and covers his meals with Humalog insulin using a sliding scale. Based on this information alone, what changes to his treatment regimen should the provider recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER Increase his nightly Lantus dose increases each dose of the Humalog sliding scale Add metformin Make no changes" "A patient with history of asthma presents with acute exacerbation after exposure to a known trigger (cat). Which immunoglobulin is released as part of the physiology associated with an allergic response? - CORRECT ANSWER IgA IgE IgE is produced after trigger in the nose, throat, lungs or skin. IgE binds to receptors that stimulate an immune response. In patients with asthma, IgE binds to mast cells which initiates the cascade of an asthma exacerbation (inflammation). IgG IgM" "A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. Which health history finding is most likely the cause of these symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Partial thyroid removal Chronic glucocorticoid use These symptoms are characteristic of Cushing disease (or Cushing-like syndrome) which can be caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids to treat other medical conditions. None of the other combined history findings can be attributed to the choices given. Stage 3 heart failure High calorie diet" "The physiology differences which distinguishes a partial focus seizure from a generalized seizure is best represented in which of the following statements? - CORRECT ANSWER Patients are aware during a partial focus seizure, but not during a generalized seizure. A partial focus seizure only involves the lower half of the body. Partial focus seizures result when neural tissue is abnormal in a focal area of the brain. Partial focus seizures result when abnormal neural tissue is present in both hemispheres of the brain." "Ondansetron should be avoided in which of the following patients? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER A 12-year-old patient with vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. A 52-year-old male with history of prolonged QT syndrome. A 74-year-old male with chronic renal failure admitted for electrolyte balance following dialysis. Ondansetron is contraindicated or with caution in those with prolonged QT syndrome, heart failure, electrolyte imbalance, or while taking other medications known to cause prolonged QT such as methadone. In patients with prolonged QT syndrome, the dysrhythmia torsades de pointes, occurs with increased risk when receiving ondansetron. A 32-year-old admitted for acute intoxication of methadone. 45-year-old with history of non-small cell carcinoma of the left upper lobe of lung." "A nurse has orders to give Lactulose to her patient with portal hypertension. The nurse knows that Lactulose is an osmotic laxative. This means that: - CORRECT ANSWER They increase the amount of water and electrolytes within the intestinal lumen by increasing secretion of water and ions into the intestine and by reducing water and electrolyte absorption. They stimulate peristalsis and soften feces by increasing secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine and decreasing water and electrolyte absorption. They secrete water, thereby softening and enlarging the fecal mass; fecal swelling promotes peristalsis. They retain water and thereby softens the feces; fecal swelling promotes peristalsis." "A 74-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of hypertension, dementia and hyperlipidemia. The patient also has a history of a pulmonary embolism. Her son brought in a bag of her mediations which included warfarin, ginkgo biloba, low dose aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril and echinacea. The health care provider should be concerned over which medication as a potential drug to drug interaction? - CORRECT ANSWER Echinacea and warfarin Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide Lisinopril and echinacea Warfarin and gingko biloba Warfarin and blood thinners interact with gingko biloba as designed to improve memory. All herbal supplements should be evaluated with current pharmacological medications. The other options do not have drug interaction." "A 70-year old patient is concerned that he is becoming forgetful. He wants the APRN to recommend ways to prevent this from happening. Which of the following is an evidenced based recommendation? - CORRECT ANSWER Begin to take a vitamin B12 supplement Make sure to get 8-9 hours of sleep per night Stay well hydrated with 8 glasses of fluid per day Play cards or word games with friends several times a week" "A patient needs to purchase a new prescription of Eliquis but does not have stable employment nor health insurance. Which 2 social determinants of health are primarily impacting this patient's ability to access the medication he needs? - CORRECT ANSWER Economic stability and health/healthcare Answer d does not contain actual social determinants of health, just components of them. Answer A is the best choice because money is going to be the one main reason the patient might not be able to take his medication. Education and health literacy Social and community context and neighborhood and built environment Rural healthcare access and environmental conditions" "The nurse is obtaining a history from a patient who discloses daily use of St. John's wort in addition to prescription drugs. Which effect of this dietary supplement would most concern the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER It accelerates the metabolism of some drugs. It enhances the effects of digoxin. It counteracts the effects of CNS depressants. It increases the risk of bleeding." "A nursing student asks the charge nurse what the NMBER system that rates dietary supplements means. The nurse responds that the NMBER system: - CORRECT ANSWER Provides free information about clinical trials and epidemiologic studies of products. Provides funding for research on complementary and alternative medicine. Describes the chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and uses of supplements. Helps consumers evaluate the safety and efficacy of products. The Natural Medicines Brand Evidence-Based Rating (NMBER) system offers evidence-based ratings for over 60,000 supplement products based on scientific evidence of safety and efficacy." "What is the primary source of physiologic iron? - CORRECT ANSWER Transferrin from plasma Pepsin form pepsinogen Bile from bilirubin Heme from animal protein The primary source of iron is heme from animal protein. A small portion of iron comes from recycling of old red blood cells." "A clinic-based task force is assigned with designing practices that help providers prioritize patient care. They decide to initiate which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased patient appointment times to facilitate appropriate treatment plans Web-linked electronic health records that facilitate identification of clinical options based on clinical decision support tools EHRs have long been recognized as effective tools for patient prioritization, but have never been effectively used. The other choices are not presented in the article as possible options. More accurate, patient-specific nursing care plans that include patient decision-making Increased hiring of providers to efficiently and successfully develop appropriate patient treatment plans." "A self-management priority for a patient with asthma is to provide quick relief therapy for: - CORRECT ANSWER Bronchospasm Hives Triggers Wheezing" "A healthcare professional is working with providers in a developing country to find appropriate asthma treatment guidelines. The most appropriate website related to asthma treatment for providers in countries with limited resources is: - CORRECT ANSWER Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion website Food and Drug Administration website Global Initiative for Asthma website" "Which of the following should be obtained in a 7-year-old patient starting the stimulant methylphenidate? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER Height Weight Rationale: Stimulant agents can cause poor appetite. Obtaining baseline height and weight will allow trending of this adverse effect. Urine drug test Audiometry testing Visual acuity testing" "CYP450 is responsible for which one of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Activation of recessive gene traits. Absorption of drugs through passive binding in the small intestine Metabolism of drugs Located in the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, CYPs metabolize numerous drugs, hormones, vitamin D and also involved in production of cholesterol. Children under 1 year of age have varying rates of hepatic metabolism, so medication dosages are set by a board of pharmacists for all pediatric patients." "The health care professional is working with a patient who is dealing with depression. The patient continues to complain of being tired and not being able to sleep at night. Which antidepressant would be best for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluoxetine Mirtazapine Duloxetine Amitriptyline" "A healthcare worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: - CORRECT ANSWER Birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy Birth rate statistics identify age of mother; death rates include infant mortality and age of mother; access to health care may affect a teenager's ability to obtain adequate prenatal care Birth rate, access to health care, and death rate Disease morbidity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage. Health insurance coverage, death rate, and access to health care." "The healthcare provider is caring for a patient in the ER. Her daughter brought her into the ER because her mothers' behavior has drastically changed of the last few days. She tells you that her mother has become extremely confused and has had a slight fever in the last two days. What should you check for? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension A urinary tract infection In older patients their symptoms include behavior changes such as confusion. Diabetes Thyroid problem" "A newly diagnosed diabetic patient reports that he lives in an area of the city that the nurse knows is economically depressed and has few stores or restaurants with access to healthy foods. For which social determinant does the RN need to accommodate when educating the patient about his nutrition? - CORRECT ANSWER Economic stability Education Social and community context Health and healthcare Neighborhood and built environment" "You are about to prescribe spironolactone (Aldactone) 25 mg. PO twice a day for a 74-year-old man with systolic heart failure. Which of the following is a priority for the APRN? - CORRECT ANSWER Order an electrolyte panel in 3 days You will need to check potassium levels Order liver function tests in 3 days Order a CBC/diff within a week None of the above" "A pediatric patient is diagnosed with chickenpox. The parent is asking about medications that would help the patient with symptoms. The best response would be: (Select all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER Diphenhydramine Aspirin Acetaminophen Ibuprofen" "A 22-year-old male arrives to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident. Physical examination reveals increased trouble breathing with decreased breath sounds on the left side. The patient's trachea appears to be deviating to the right when examining the neck. Which intervention is highest in priority? - CORRECT ANSWER placement of a chest tube to the left side placement of a test tube to the right side needle decompression on the left side needle decompression the right side" "A newborn with sickle cell disease treat is placed on twice-daily oral penicillin. This is acceptable management according to which of the following rationales? - CORRECT ANSWER individuals who have not received the pneumococcal vaccine are at an increased risk for pneumococcal infections which penicillin prevents individuals with sickle cell disease are at an increased risk for sepsis therefore daily antibiotics are indicated newborns are immunodeficient therefore antibiotics are appropriate additional information is required to make management decisions about this patient" "Which of the following laboratory values would suggest simvastatin has been effective? - CORRECT ANSWER LDL 89 mg/dL LDL &lt;100 mg/dL is normal range HDL 32 mg/dL Total cholesterol 210 mg/dL Triglycerides 174 mg/dL" "A chromosomal deletion occurs when: - CORRECT ANSWER An error is made in the DNA transcription process. Gene coding is missing on a specific chromosome. A chromosome is missing. An autosomal chromosome is fragmented." "Which properties of the angiotensin can enzyme (ACE)inhibitors are advantageous when treating conditions like hypertension? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Diuresis Increasing contractile force of the heart Cholinergic effects" " "A 44-year-old woman has recently been diagnosed with advanced metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Genetic testing is ordered to determine if the patient's tumor has any genomic alterations and to guide treatment decisions. A few weeks later, the patient's test results come back positive for a genetic mutation. The APN starts osimertinib (Tagrisso). Based on this information, what type of genetic mutation does this patient have? - CORRECT ANSWER EGFR mutation" "A 20-year-old male meets with an advanced professional nurse (APN) to discuss symptoms that have been slowly progressing over the past several years. He is mainly concerned because he has been falling frequently. Since childhood, his gait has consisted of walking on his toes. During middle school, he was able to participate in sports but was unable to participate in high school sports due to difficulty with running and jumping. Lately, he has noticed it takes longer and is more difficult to change positions from sitting to standing than it used to in the past. He has also been waking up with muscle and joint stiffness. The APRN notes that his family history is not significant for any chronic or genetic diseases. Which condition is likely to be the cause of these symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Becker muscular dystrophy --Becker muscular dystrophy (often called Becker MD or BMD) is a form of muscular dystrophy, a genetic disorder that gradually makes the body's muscles weaker and smaller. It causes less severe problems than the most common type, Duchenne muscular dystrophy." "Which condition from this patient's medical history is contributing to the loss of contractility? - CORRECT ANSWER Acute myocardial infarction" "Which condition is this patient suffering from? - CORRECT ANSWER Diabetic ketoacidosis" "A 45-year-old female fears that she is having a stroke and takes herself to an emergency room. After several diagnostic and laboratory tests, the patient is diagnosed with Cushing disease. Which lab abnormality would be present in this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased cortisol" "SOB when lying down, and moving around --Based on the patient's presentation, which disease process is the patient likely exhibiting? - CORRECT ANSWER Asthma" "A two-year-old child presents with a clear runny nose and cough which has lasted 3 days. The child's mother reports the cough sounds like a barking noise. The child is sleeping in the mother's arms and appears to have stridor. The child's mother also reports an axillary temperature of 101°F last night. Which management technique is appropriate for this child's symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Oral steroids and breathing treatments" "Delerium, urinary incontinence, fever-- Which lab and diagnostic tests should be ordered as part of the patient's assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER Complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, and urinalysis" "An 18-year-old male is involved in a motorcycle crash while not wearing a helmet. He is brought into an emergency room and is immediately taken for a CT scan. The provider tells the patient's parents he has bleeding between the dura mater and the skull. What is this patient's condition called? - CORRECT ANSWER Epidural hematoma" "-- What is the appropriate diagnosis for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Crohn's disease" "Which diagnostic test is appropriate to order for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Ultrasound" "A 45-year-old male is being seen in the clinic for a yearly check-up and lab work. His history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he currently takes Norvasc 5 mg daily and Lipitor 20 mg nightly. Patient has a family history of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia. After obtaining lab work, the provider notices the patient's hgbA1c is elevated at 7.5. The patient is already on a DASH diet and watching the amount of sweets and carbohydrates he eats daily. The patient is not overweight and participates in moderate physical activity at least 4-5 days a week. He was started on Metformin three months ago, and his hemoglobin A1c is now 6.9. The nurse expects to see a class of medication prescribed which is proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Considering the treatment guidelines from the American College of Cardiology, which medication should be recommended for this patien - CORRECT ANSWER Invokana 100 mg daily --Invokana is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a third-line medication to metformin. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth." "A 78-year-old female presents to the clinic for a checkup and refills on her medications. She is currently taking lisinopril (Zestril), metformin (Glucophage), and levothyroxine (Synthroid). The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, GERD, and gastric ulcers. The patient is concerned about heart disease and wants to start taking a low-dose aspirin. Which aspirin regimen recommendation should the advanced professional nurse (APN) give to the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Low-dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily" "A patient presents with new onset of atrial fibrillation that has proved resistant to cardioversion and ablation. The patient is prescribed Warfarin (Coumadin). Which strategy should be employed when dosing the medication prescribed for this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER Titrate dosage to an INR of 2.1 seconds" "Which medication would be contraindicated for a 46-year-old male patient diagnosed with beta thalassemia? - CORRECT ANSWER Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) --People with thalassaemia may be advised to avoid iron supplements because they are at risk of iron overload." "An advanced professional nurse (APN) is administering medications on the pediatric floor and treating an infant with thrush who is currently taking Nystatin oral suspension (Mycostatin). The APN knows the infant is unable to follow the directions of swishing the medication and swallowing. How should the APN administer this infant's suspension? - CORRECT ANSWER Swab the infected area" "A two-week-old newborn presents to the pediatric clinic with her mother for a check-up. The nurse discusses the recommended vaccination guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including the hepatitis B vaccine.What is the recommended schedule for this patient receiving the hepatitis B vaccination? - CORRECT ANSWER Three immunizations with one injection now (if not given at birth), one injection at two months, and one injection at six months" "On a follow-up appointment, a mother of a newborn reports the infant draws up the legs, clenches fists, and cries as if in pain. The mother reports the symptoms usually occur during the evening but the baby tolerates formula well. The nurse tells the mother that the baby has infantile colic. The mother inquires about the child's prognosis. How should the nurse describe the prognosis of infantile colic to the patient's mother? - CORRECT ANSWER Children usually outgrow the condition at about three months of age. -- infantile colic: Predictable periods of significant distress in an otherwise well-fed, healthy baby." "A 40-year-old Trinidadian male comes into a clinic complaining of burning chest pain, indigestion, nausea, and belching after eating certain foods. He is a single father living and working in New York City. He recently obtained his green card after living in the United States for more than 10 years. He has a GED and works as an IT help desk technician earning $42,000 a year. He has health insurance through the New York health marketplace because it is cheaper than his employer's plan. Because of the high cost of living in New York, the patient is unable to afford an apartment on his own; therefore, he and his child share a home with his mother and older sister. As the nurse begins to explore his social history regarding his alcohol use, the patient states, "I have two to three beers every night to help me sleep. I have been doing this for the past year." The patient also states he has trouble falling asleep and stayi - CORRECT ANSWER The patient's lifestyle structure" "A 40-year-old Trinidadian male comes into a clinic complaining of burning chest pain, indigestion, nausea, and belching after eating certain foods. He is a single father living and working in New York City. He recently obtained his green card after living in the United States for more than 10 years. He has a GED and works as an IT help desk technician earning $42,000 a year. He has health insurance through the New York health marketplace because it is cheaper than his employer's plan. Because of the high cost of living in New York, the patient is unable to afford an apartment on his own; therefore, he and his son share a home with his mother and older sister. As the nurse begins to explore his social history regarding his alcohol use, the patient states, "I have two to three beers every night to help me sleep. I have been doing this for the past year." The patient also states he has trouble falling asleep and staying - CORRECT ANSWER Seeking higher or advanced education in his field" "A 72-year-old male patient comes into the clinic complaining of shortness of breath, wheezing, chills, and hot flashes at night for over three weeks. He is currently only prescribed a blood pressure medication but is unsure of the name and has not had any refills in the last several months. He reports being unsure if he has been exposed to any respiratory illnesses. He continues to report he is homeless and lives in different shelters or outside. He is unemployed but does receive assistance money from an unknown donor which averages $300 per month. He states he does not have any family or social support. The patient states he only has an eighth-grade education and is unable to read very well. He is unable to write his name, although he has always learned easily by watching and interacting with live instructions. He denies illegal drug use and uses public transportation.The assessment findings include a blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Lack of income and poverty level" "A 32-year-old female presents to the emergency room (ER) with headache, fatigue, and shortness of breath on exertion. A complete blood count reveals a hemoglobin of 4.4g/dl. During the gynecological review of systems, she reports a change of a fully saturated pad every two hours for the first three out of six days of a 28-day menstrual cycle. She states she thought this was normal and has never sought gynecological care. She does not follow with a primary care physician.Which factor in the "health and healthcare" domain of the social determinants of health contributed to this patient's hemoglobin of 4.4g/dl? - CORRECT ANSWER Health literacy" "An emergency room (ER) nurse is in a room caring for a patient when the ER suddenly becomes very busy and fills all available rooms. When the nurse completes the care of the current patient, he finds an emergency medical technician (EMT) ready to report on each of the new patients. Which patient from the report should be seen first? - CORRECT ANSWER The 40-year-old male with crushing chest pain who denies any injury or prior history of heart disease" "An advanced professional nurse (APN) on the float team was assigned to provide care of four postoperative patients on the medical-surgical unit. Which patient should the APN see first? - CORRECT ANSWER The patient who is four days post right lobectomy with a heart rate of 120, cold sweats, and lightheadedness" "Four patients are sitting in an emergency room (ER) waiting to be seen. Each patient checked into the ER using an electronic kiosk that required the reason for the visit. The nurse reviews the data entered by each patient. Which patient should the nurse assist first? - CORRECT ANSWER A 19-year-old male with a temperature of 101°F and a stiff neck." "A cardiac advanced professional nurse (APN) receives and assesses a report of her patients at the beginning of her shift. Her report includes the following patients: a patient who received furosemide (Lasix) two hours ago and is complaining of excessive urination a post-op cardiac catheterization patient who received hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (Norco) and is now complaining of drowsiness a patient who received metoprolol (Toprol XL) with a heart rate of 42 and who is complaining of extreme weakness and dizziness a patient who is day two post-myocardial infarction and is requesting medication for constipation Which patient should the APN see first? - CORRECT ANSWER The patient who received metoprolol (Toprol XL)" "Pharmacotherapy used for a patient with peripheral artery disease and diabetes includes all of the following except: A. Aspirin B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) C. Gabapentin D. Metformin - CORRECT ANSWER C. Gabapentin" "What is the intended therapeutic action of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic respiratory conditions A. Reversal of fixed airway obstruction B. Improvement of central respiratory drive C. Reduction of airway inflammation D. mucolytic activity - CORRECT ANSWER Reduction of airway inflammation --Topical corticosteroids work to decrease inflammation locally where applied." "Which of the following conditions is contraindicated in using thrombotic therapy? A. History of hemorrhagic stroke B. Peptic ulcer disease C. Concurrent use of Coumadin D. Blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg - CORRECT ANSWER A. History of hemorrhagic stroke --Thrombolytic therapy can increase risk of recurrent hemorrhagic stroke in patients who have this history." "Which hospitalized patient is highest risk for developing delirium? A. An elderly male with COVID-19 B. A woman recently diagnosed with schizophrenia C. A depressed Hispanic woman D. A 70-year-old diabetic patient - CORRECT ANSWER A. An elderly male with COVID-19 --Delirium is associated with autonomic nervous system overactivity and typically develops in 2 to 3 days, most commonly in critical care units, post surgically, or during withdrawal from CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol, narcotic agents)." "A patient with chronic migraines arrives for a neurological evaluation. The neurologist recommends preventative therapy. Which one (1) of the following medications is used to prevent the frequency of chronic migraines? A. Verapamil B. Dihydroergotamine C. Naproxen D. Sumatriptan - CORRECT ANSWER A. Verapamil -- Calcium channel blockers have demonstrated efficacy in investigative use for prophylaxis of migraine and cluster headaches. In particular, verapamil, with its low side-effect profile, appears to be a promising alternative to the currently available agents for prophylactic treatment of chronic recurring headaches." "Which of the following antihypertensive mediations should th