TESTBANK C
ACONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
C C C C C C
Patrick J. Hurley
C C
,Chapter 1 Test A C C C
MULTIPLE CHOICE C
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and i C C C C C C C C C C C
dentifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.C C C C C C C
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mor
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
e and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spe
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nt 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
C C C C C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. C C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. C C C C C C C C C
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can ca
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
use development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical impul
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. C C C C
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. C C C C C C C C
ANS: C C PTS: 2 C C
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the prope
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
r amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and actio
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
n were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wi
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
sely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. C C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. C C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices C C C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E C PTS: 2 C C
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and S
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ocial Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchants
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothin
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
g to the communities in which they live.
C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. C C C C C C C C C C C C C
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
C C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. C C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A C PTS: 2 C C
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
indicted, and over-sentenced. African- C C C
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic gr
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
oups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served lo
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nger periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
C C C C C C C C C
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. C C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: B C PTS: 2 C C
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal eleme
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nts lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencin
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
g stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
click ads. C
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. C C C C C C C C C
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: E C PTS: 2 C C
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the at
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
mosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplane
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
tary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. C C C C C C C C
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. C C C C C C C C
ANS: C C PTS: 2 C C
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities abutt
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ing tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be persua
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. C C C C C C C C C
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: A C PTS: 2 C C
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understa
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nd their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rememb
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
er, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are cr
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic a
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
cid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on a
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. C C C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. C C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. C C C C C C C C
ANS: B C PTS: 2 C C
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming probl
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
em. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 percen
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
t since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind an
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
d solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
C C C C C C C C C
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. C C C C C C C C C
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. C C C C C C C C
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence playe
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
d a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these pri
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
soners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have bee
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
n exonerated?
C
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. C C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. C C C C C C C C C C C C
3
ACONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
C C C C C C
Patrick J. Hurley
C C
,Chapter 1 Test A C C C
MULTIPLE CHOICE C
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and i C C C C C C C C C C C
dentifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.C C C C C C C
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working mor
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
e and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spe
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nt 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
C C C C C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. C C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. C C C C C C C C C
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can ca
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
use development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical impul
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. C C C C
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. C C C C C C C C
ANS: C C PTS: 2 C C
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the prope
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
r amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion and actio
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
n were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wi
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
sely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. C C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. C C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices C C C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E C PTS: 2 C C
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and S
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ocial Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these merchants
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothin
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
g to the communities in which they live.
C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. C C C C C C C C C C C C C
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
C C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. C C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A C PTS: 2 C C
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
indicted, and over-sentenced. African- C C C
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic gr
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
oups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served lo
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nger periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
third less time for the same offenses than black women.
C C C C C C C C C
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." C C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. C C C C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: B C PTS: 2 C C
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal eleme
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nts lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencin
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
g stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
click ads. C
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. C C C C C C C C C
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: E C PTS: 2 C C
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the at
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
mosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplane
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
tary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. C C C C C C C C
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. C C C C C C C C
ANS: C C PTS: 2 C C
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities abutt
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ing tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be persua
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. C C C C C C C C C
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. C C C C C C C C C C
ANS: A C PTS: 2 C C
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to understa
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
nd their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn, rememb
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
er, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons communicate are cr
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
ucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. C C C C C C C C
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic a
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
cid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on a
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations C C C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. C C C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. C C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. C C C C C C C C
ANS: B C PTS: 2 C C
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming probl
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
em. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82 percen
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
t since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind an
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
d solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
C C C C C C C C C
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" C C C C
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. C C C C C C C C C C
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. C C C C C C C C C
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. C C C C C C C C C
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. C C C C C C C C
ANS: D C PTS: 2 C C
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence playe
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
d a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these pri
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
soners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would have bee
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
n exonerated?
C
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. C C C C C C C C C C C
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. C C C C C C C
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. C C C C C C C C C
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. C C C C C C C C C C C C
3
