TEST BANK th
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults
th th th th th th th
And Children
th
TH
8 EDITION BY KATHRYN L. MCC
h
t th th th th
ANCE
,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST B
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
th th th
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
th th th th th
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
th th th th th th
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
th th th th
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
th th th th th th th
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
th th th
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
th th th th th th
Chapter 10: Infection
th th
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
th th th th
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
th th th
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
th th th
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
th th th th
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
th th th th th
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
th th th th th
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
th th th th th th
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
th th th th th th th
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
th th th th th th th
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
th th th th
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
th th th th th th th
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
th th th th th
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
th th th th th
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
th th th th th
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
th th th th th
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
th th th th th th th th th th
, McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST BANK
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES Un
th th th th th th th th th
it I: THE CELL
th th th
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY th th th
MULTIPLE CHOICE th
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
th th th th th th th th th
a. Cells can produce proteins. th th th
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. th th th th
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. th th th th th th
d. Cells can synthesize fats. th th th
ANS: C th
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surro
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
undings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ption.
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
th th th th th th th th th th th th
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C th
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
th th th th th
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
th th th th th th
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function a
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
s the intracellular digestive system.
th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
th th th th th th th th
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B th
, McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST BANK
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a po
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
werful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
th th th th th th th th th th th
Ribosomes are RNA- th th
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the c
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are s
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
aclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzy
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
mes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrate
th th th th th th th th th th th th
s. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex th
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum th th
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D th
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes w
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ithin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disr
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
uption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysoso
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
mal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
th th th th th th th th th th th th
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
removing toxic substances from the cell. th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
th th th th th th th
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction th th th th th th
b. Secretion of cortisol th th
c. Increased retention of water th th th
d. Breakdown of fat th th
ANS: C th
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes incr
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
eases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdo
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
wn of fat is due to glucagon.
th th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
th th th th th th th th th
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease In Adults
th th th th th th th
And Children
th
TH
8 EDITION BY KATHRYN L. MCC
h
t th th th th
ANCE
,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST B
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
th th th
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
th th th th th
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
th th th th th th
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
th th th th
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
th th th th th th th
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
th th th
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
th th th th th th
Chapter 10: Infection
th th
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
th th th th
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
th th th
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
th th th
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
th th th th
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
th th th th th
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
th th th th th
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
th th th th th th
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
th th th th th th th
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
th th th th th th th
Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
th th th th
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
th th th th th th th
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
th th th th th
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
th th th th th
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
th th th th th
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
th th th th th
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
th th th th th th th th
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
th th th th th th th
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
th th th th th th th th th th
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
th th th th th th th th th th
, McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST BANK
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES Un
th th th th th th th th th
it I: THE CELL
th th th
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY th th th
MULTIPLE CHOICE th
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
th th th th th th th th th
a. Cells can produce proteins. th th th
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. th th th th
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. th th th th th th
d. Cells can synthesize fats. th th th
ANS: C th
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surro
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
undings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ption.
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
th th th th th th th th th th th th
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C th
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
th th th th th
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
th th th th th th
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function a
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
s the intracellular digestive system.
th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
th th th th th th th th
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B th
, McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST BANK
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a po
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
werful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
th th th th th th th th th th th
Ribosomes are RNA- th th
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the c
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are s
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
aclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzy
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
mes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrate
th th th th th th th th th th th th
s. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex th
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum th th
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D th
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes w
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
ithin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disr
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
uption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysoso
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
mal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
th th th th th th th th th th th th
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
removing toxic substances from the cell. th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
th th th th th th th
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction th th th th th th
b. Secretion of cortisol th th
c. Increased retention of water th th th
d. Breakdown of fat th th
ANS: C th
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes incr
th th th th th th th th th th th th th
eases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdo
th th th th th th th th th th th th th th th
wn of fat is due to glucagon.
th th th th th th
PTS: t h t h 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering th th
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
th th th th th th th th th
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
