Peter Atkins, Chapter 1-19
SOLUTION MANUAL
, ❚❛❜❧❡ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡♥ts
Pr❡❢❛❝❡ ✈✐✐
✶ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❣❛s❡s ✶
✶❆ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❣❛s ✶
✶❇ ❚❤❡ ❦✐♥❡t✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✶✵
✶❈ ❘❡❛❧ ❣❛s❡s ✶✾
✷ ■♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ✸✺
✷❆ ■♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ✸✺
✷❇ ❊♥t❤❛❧♣② ✹✵
✷❈ ❚❤❡r♠♦❝❤❡♠✐str② ✹✸
✷❉ ❙t❛t❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ ❡①❛❝t ❞✐❢❢❡r❡♥t✐❛❧s ✹✾
✷❊ ❆❞✐❛❜❛t✐❝ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ✺✺
✸ ❚❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❛♥❞ t❤✐r❞ ❧❛✇s ✻✸
✸❆ ❊♥tr♦♣② ✻✸
✸❇ ❊♥tr♦♣② ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❛❝❝♦♠♣❛♥②✐♥❣ s♣❡❝✐❢✐❝ ♣r♦❝❡ss❡s ✻✽
✸❈ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❛s✉r❡♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❡♥tr♦♣② ✽✵
✸❉ ❈♦♥❝❡♥tr❛t✐♥❣ ♦♥ t❤❡ s②st❡♠ ✽✼
✸❊ ❈♦♠❜✐♥✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❋✐rst ❛♥❞ ❙❡❝♦♥❞ ▲❛✇s ✾✷
✹ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ✾✾
✹❆ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ♣✉r❡ s✉❜st❛♥❝❡s ✾✾
✹❇ ❚❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ♣❤❛s❡ tr❛♥s✐t✐♦♥s ✶✵✶
✺ ❙✐♠♣❧❡ ♠✐①t✉r❡s ✶✶✺
✺❆ ❚❤❡ t❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♠✐①t✉r❡s ✶✶✺
✺❇ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✶✷✻
✺❈ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ❜✐♥❛r② s②st❡♠s✿ ❧✐q✉✐❞s ✶✹✶
✺❉ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ ❜✐♥❛r② s②st❡♠s✿ s♦❧✐❞s ✶✹✽
✺❊ P❤❛s❡ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠s ♦❢ t❡r♥❛r② s②st❡♠s ✶✺✹
✺❋ ❆❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✶✺✽
✻ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐✉♠ ✶✼✶
✻❆ ❚❤❡ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐✉♠ ❝♦♥st❛♥t ✶✼✶
,✐✈ ❚❆❇▲❊ ❖❋ ❈❖◆❚❊◆❚❙
✻❇ ❚❤❡ r❡s♣♦♥s❡ ♦❢ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s ✶✼✾
✻❈ ❊❧❡❝tr♦❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❝❡❧❧s ✶✾✵
✻❉ ❊❧❡❝tr♦❞❡ ♣♦t❡♥t✐❛❧s ✶✾✼
✼ ◗✉❛♥t✉♠ t❤❡♦r② ✷✶✺
✼❆ ❚❤❡ ♦r✐❣✐♥s ♦❢ q✉❛♥t✉♠ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐❝s ✷✶✺
✼❇ ❲❛✈❡❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✷✷✸
✼❈ ❖♣❡r❛t♦rs ❛♥❞ ♦❜s❡r✈❛❜❧❡s ✷✷✼
✼❉ ❚r❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✸✻
✼❊ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✹✽
✼❋ ❘♦t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✷✺✼
✽ ❆t♦♠✐❝ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❛♥❞ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✷✼✶
✽❆ ❍②❞r♦❣❡♥✐❝ ❆t♦♠s ✷✼✶
✽❇ ▼❛♥②✲❡❧❡❝tr♦♥ ❛t♦♠s ✷✼✼
✽❈ ❆t♦♠✐❝ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✷✼✾
✾ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ✷✽✼
✾❆ ❱❛❧❡♥❝❡✲❜♦♥❞ t❤❡♦r② ✷✽✼
✾❇ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ t❤❡ ❤②❞r♦❣❡♥ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡✲✐♦♥ ✷✾✷
✾❈ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ❤♦♠♦♥✉❝❧❡❛r ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✷✾✽
✾❉ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ❤❡t❡r♦♥✉❝❧❡❛r ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✵✷
✾❊ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ♦r❜✐t❛❧ t❤❡♦r②✿ ♣♦❧②❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✵✼
✶✵ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✷✶
✶✵❆ ❙❤❛♣❡ ❛♥❞ s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✷✶
✶✵❇ ●r♦✉♣ t❤❡♦r② ✸✷✾
✶✵❈ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ s②♠♠❡tr② ✸✸✼
✶✶ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❙♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✹✾
✶✶❆ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ♦❢ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✹✾
✶✶❇ ❘♦t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✺✼
✶✶❈ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ❞✐❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✼✶
✶✶❉ ❱✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ♦❢ ♣♦❧②❛t♦♠✐❝ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✸✽✹
✶✶❊ ❙②♠♠❡tr② ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ♦❢ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♣❡❝tr♦s❝♦♣② ✸✽✺
✶✶❋ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✸✽✽
✶✶● ❉❡❝❛② ♦❢ ❡①❝✐t❡❞ st❛t❡s ✸✾✽
, ❚❆❇▲❊ ❖❋ ❈❖◆❚❊◆❚❙ ✈
✶✷ ▼❛❣♥❡t✐❝ r❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ✹✵✾
✶✷❆ ●❡♥❡r❛❧ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❧❡s ✹✵✾
✶✷❇ ❋❡❛t✉r❡s ♦❢ ◆▼❘ s♣❡❝tr❛ ✹✶✷
✶✷❈ P✉❧s❡ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✐♥ ◆▼❘ ✹✷✶
✶✷❉ ❊❧❡❝tr♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ r❡s♦♥❛♥❝❡ ✹✷✾
✶✸ ❙t❛t✐st✐❝❛❧ t❤❡r♠♦❞②♥❛♠✐❝s ✹✸✺
✶✸❆ ❚❤❡ ❇♦❧t③♠❛♥♥ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ✹✸✺
✶✸❇ P❛rt✐t✐♦♥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✹✸✾
✶✸❈ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ❡♥❡r❣✐❡s ✹✹✾
✶✸❉ ❚❤❡ ❝❛♥♦♥✐❝❛❧ ❡♥s❡♠❜❧❡ ✹✺✻
✶✸❊ ❚❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧ ❡♥❡r❣② ❛♥❞ ❡♥tr♦♣② ✹✺✼
✶✸❋ ❉❡r✐✈❡❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ✹✼✸
✶✹ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❛r ■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ✹✽✺
✶✹❆ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✹✽✺
✶✹❇ ■♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✹✾✻
✶✹❈ ▲✐q✉✐❞s ✺✵✹
✶✹❉ ▼❛❝r♦♠♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✺✵✻
✶✹❊ ❙❡❧❢✲❛ss❡♠❜❧② ✺✶✼
✶✺ ❙♦❧✐❞s ✺✷✸
✶✺❆ ❈r②st❛❧ str✉❝t✉r❡ ✺✷✸
✶✺❇ ❉✐❢❢r❛❝t✐♦♥ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ✺✷✻
✶✺❈ ❇♦♥❞✐♥❣ ✐♥ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✸✹
✶✺❉ ❚❤❡ ♠❡❝❤❛♥✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✸✾
✶✺❊ ❚❤❡ ❡❧❡❝tr✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✶
✶✺❋ ❚❤❡ ♠❛❣♥❡t✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✸
✶✺● ❚❤❡ ♦♣t✐❝❛❧ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♦❧✐❞s ✺✹✻
✶✻ ▼♦❧❡❝✉❧❡s ✐♥ ♠♦t✐♦♥ ✺✺✶
✶✻❆ ❚r❛♥s♣♦rt ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ ❛ ♣❡r❢❡❝t ❣❛s ✺✺✶
✶✻❇ ▼♦t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❧✐q✉✐❞s ✺✺✽
✶✻❈ ❉✐❢❢✉s✐♦♥ ✺✻✸
✶✼ ❈❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ ❦✐♥❡t✐❝s ✺✼✸
✶✼❆ ❚❤❡ r❛t❡s ♦❢ ❝❤❡♠✐❝❛❧ r❡❛❝t✐♦♥s ✺✼✸