,Chapter 1 RBCs and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
Multiple Choice
kp
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
1. Which metabolic pathway is responsible for generating 90% of the ATP for the RBC?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Pentose phosphate shunt c. Glycolysis kp kp
b. Luebering-Rapoport shunt d. Methemoglobin reductase kp k p kp
2. A unit of blood was returned to the blood bank before it was spiked. Apparently the patient’s IV failed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
The unit of blood was outside the blood bank for 35 minutes. Which of the statements below is most
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
accurate? kp
a. The unit of blood should be discarded immediately.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. The unit of blood can be returned to inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. The unit of blood must be transfused within 4 hours or be discarded at the end of that time.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. The unit of blood must be transfused with 24 hours.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
3. What is the average diameter of a platelet?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 5 to 10 µm kp kp kp c. 1 to 2 µm kp kp kp
b. 2 to 4 µm kp kp kp d. 4 to 6 µm
k p k p kp kp kp
4. In the normal hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, what percentage of oxygen is released to the
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
tissues when PO2 averages 40 mm Hg?
kp kp kp k p kp kp kp
a. 75% c. 100%
b. 25% d. 50% k p
5. What factors are known to influence platelet metabolism and function?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Storage temperature c. Platelet count kp kp
b. Initial pH d. All of the above
kp k p kp kp kp
6. Which of the following red blood cell morphologies may be present on the peripheral blood smear as a
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
result of loss of RBC membrane?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Spherocytes c. Burr cells kp
b. Target cells d. Schistocytes kp k p
7. What does the term autologous transfusion refer to?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. A parent donating blood for his or her child
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. An individual donating blood for a friend
kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. An individual donating blood for a relative
kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. An individual donating blood for his or her own transfusion
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
8. What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Iron metabolism c. Oxygen transport
kp kp
b. Porphyrin synthesis d. Signal transduction kp k p kp
9. All of the following areas of red blood cell biology are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival except:
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Cellular metabolism. c. Site of the ABO antigen attachment.
kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. RBC membrane. d. Hemoglobin structure.
kp k p kp
,k p 10. What is the correct biochemical composition of the RBC membrane?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate kp kp kp kp kp
b. 40% protein, 8% lipid, 52% carbohydrate kp kp kp kp kp
c. 8% protein, 52% lipid, 40% carbohydrate
kp kp kp kp kp
d. 8% lipid, 40% carbohydrate, 52% protein
kp kp kp kp kp
k p 11. All of the following biochemical changes are associated with loss of red blood cell viability upon storage
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
except:
a. Decreased pH. c. Increased ATP level. kp kp kp
b. Loss of red blood cell function. d. Decreased glucose consumption.
kp kp kp kp kp k p kp kp
k p 12. Which red blood cell preservative has a storage time of 35 days?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. ACD c. AS-1
b. CPDA-1 d. CPD k p k p
k p 13. The RBC membrane is relatively permeable to all of the following except:
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Chloride. c. Bicarbonate.
b. Sodium. d. Water. k p
k p 14. What percentage of platelets is sequestered in the spleen as functional reserve after being released from
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the bone marrow?
kp kp kp
a. 30% c. 10%
b. 50% d. 25% k p k p
k p 15. What is the major biochemical consideration in platelet storage?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Glucose metabolism c. Production of carbon dioxide
kp kp kp kp
b. Oxygen supply d. Regulation of pH kp k p kp kp
k p 16. What would the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve depict in a patient exhibiting clinical signs
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
of alkalosis?
kp kp
a. Normal c. Shift to the right kp kp kp
b. Shift to the left d. None of the above
kp kp kp k p kp kp kp
k p 17. Name the main lipid components of a red blood cell membrane.
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Phospholipid c. Glycolipid
b. Sphingomyelin d. Glycophorin A k p kp
k p 18. The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by whom?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Charles Drew c. Loutit and Mollisonkp kp kp
b. Karl Landsteiner d. Edward Lindeman
kp k p kp
k p 19. A standing order of platelets was shipped to your facility by your supplier. It was inadvertently left in
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the corner of the department until discovered 36 hours later. What would the appropriate action be for the
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
blood banker?
kp kp
a. If the temperature in the box was 22 +/- 2°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
be OK to accept the unit into inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. The platelets have fallen outside the supplier’s quality assurance. The unit should be
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
discarded because the pH has probably dropped too low and platelet activation has
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
been compromised.kp kp
c. If the temperature was 1°C to 6°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
, accept the unit into inventory. kp kp kp kp
d. If the platelets appeared OK and passed the platelet swirl test after being placed on
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the agitator, they could be accepted into the inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
k p 20. k Which metabolic pathway permits the accumulation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Glycolysis c. Pentose phosphate shunt kp kp
b. Luebering-Rapoport shunt d. Methemoglobin reductase kp k p kp
k p 21. k All of the following are consistent with a "shift to the right" of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
except:
a. Increased 2,3-DPG. kp
b. 50% O2 saturation to tissues.
kp kp kp kp
c. Decreased 2,3-DPG. kp
d. Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2. kp kp kp kp
k p 22. k What is the normal platelet count range per cubic millimeter?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 100 to 350 kp kp c. 50,000 to 200,000 kp kp
b. 150,000 to 350,000 d. 350,000 to 500,000
kp kp k p kp kp
k p 23. k What cryoprotective agent is added to red blood cells upon freezing?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Dextrose c. Glycerol
b. Adsol d. All of the above k p kp kp kp
k p 24. k If platelets are to be stored for 5 days on a rotator, what is the optimal storage temperature?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 1°C to 6°C kp kp c. 35°C to 37°C kp kp
b. 20°C to 24°C kp d. 1°C to 10°C
kp k p kp kp
k p 25. k p What role do platelets play in hemostasis?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Maintenance of vascular integrity kp kp kp
b. Initial arrest of bleeding by platelet plug formation
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. Stabilization of the hemostatic plug kp kp kp kp
d. All of the above
kp kp kp
k p 26. k p Which of the following best describes "integral" membrane proteins?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Reside at the cytoplasmic surface of membrane
kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. Span the entire membrane surface
kp kp kp kp
c. Form the red blood cell cytoskeleton
kp kp kp kp kp
d. None of the above kp kp kp
k p 27. k p How is stroma-free hemoglobin solution prepared?
kp kp kp kp kp
a. Outdated red blood cells are concentrated, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. Outdated red blood cells are diluted with saline, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. Outdated red blood cells are lysed, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. None of the above kp kp kp
k p 28. k What is the normal life span of an RBC?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 100 days kp c. 120 hours kp
b. 120 days kp d. 2 days
k p kp
k p 29. Regarding loss of RBC membrane deformability, all of the following are true except:
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Increase in ATP level. kp kp kp
b. Decrease in ATP level. kp kp kp
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
Multiple Choice
kp
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
1. Which metabolic pathway is responsible for generating 90% of the ATP for the RBC?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Pentose phosphate shunt c. Glycolysis kp kp
b. Luebering-Rapoport shunt d. Methemoglobin reductase kp k p kp
2. A unit of blood was returned to the blood bank before it was spiked. Apparently the patient’s IV failed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
The unit of blood was outside the blood bank for 35 minutes. Which of the statements below is most
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
accurate? kp
a. The unit of blood should be discarded immediately.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. The unit of blood can be returned to inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. The unit of blood must be transfused within 4 hours or be discarded at the end of that time.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. The unit of blood must be transfused with 24 hours.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
3. What is the average diameter of a platelet?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 5 to 10 µm kp kp kp c. 1 to 2 µm kp kp kp
b. 2 to 4 µm kp kp kp d. 4 to 6 µm
k p k p kp kp kp
4. In the normal hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, what percentage of oxygen is released to the
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
tissues when PO2 averages 40 mm Hg?
kp kp kp k p kp kp kp
a. 75% c. 100%
b. 25% d. 50% k p
5. What factors are known to influence platelet metabolism and function?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Storage temperature c. Platelet count kp kp
b. Initial pH d. All of the above
kp k p kp kp kp
6. Which of the following red blood cell morphologies may be present on the peripheral blood smear as a
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
result of loss of RBC membrane?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Spherocytes c. Burr cells kp
b. Target cells d. Schistocytes kp k p
7. What does the term autologous transfusion refer to?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. A parent donating blood for his or her child
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. An individual donating blood for a friend
kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. An individual donating blood for a relative
kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. An individual donating blood for his or her own transfusion
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
8. What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Iron metabolism c. Oxygen transport
kp kp
b. Porphyrin synthesis d. Signal transduction kp k p kp
9. All of the following areas of red blood cell biology are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival except:
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Cellular metabolism. c. Site of the ABO antigen attachment.
kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. RBC membrane. d. Hemoglobin structure.
kp k p kp
,k p 10. What is the correct biochemical composition of the RBC membrane?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate kp kp kp kp kp
b. 40% protein, 8% lipid, 52% carbohydrate kp kp kp kp kp
c. 8% protein, 52% lipid, 40% carbohydrate
kp kp kp kp kp
d. 8% lipid, 40% carbohydrate, 52% protein
kp kp kp kp kp
k p 11. All of the following biochemical changes are associated with loss of red blood cell viability upon storage
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
except:
a. Decreased pH. c. Increased ATP level. kp kp kp
b. Loss of red blood cell function. d. Decreased glucose consumption.
kp kp kp kp kp k p kp kp
k p 12. Which red blood cell preservative has a storage time of 35 days?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. ACD c. AS-1
b. CPDA-1 d. CPD k p k p
k p 13. The RBC membrane is relatively permeable to all of the following except:
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Chloride. c. Bicarbonate.
b. Sodium. d. Water. k p
k p 14. What percentage of platelets is sequestered in the spleen as functional reserve after being released from
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the bone marrow?
kp kp kp
a. 30% c. 10%
b. 50% d. 25% k p k p
k p 15. What is the major biochemical consideration in platelet storage?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Glucose metabolism c. Production of carbon dioxide
kp kp kp kp
b. Oxygen supply d. Regulation of pH kp k p kp kp
k p 16. What would the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve depict in a patient exhibiting clinical signs
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
of alkalosis?
kp kp
a. Normal c. Shift to the right kp kp kp
b. Shift to the left d. None of the above
kp kp kp k p kp kp kp
k p 17. Name the main lipid components of a red blood cell membrane.
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Phospholipid c. Glycolipid
b. Sphingomyelin d. Glycophorin A k p kp
k p 18. The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by whom?
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Charles Drew c. Loutit and Mollisonkp kp kp
b. Karl Landsteiner d. Edward Lindeman
kp k p kp
k p 19. A standing order of platelets was shipped to your facility by your supplier. It was inadvertently left in
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the corner of the department until discovered 36 hours later. What would the appropriate action be for the
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
blood banker?
kp kp
a. If the temperature in the box was 22 +/- 2°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
be OK to accept the unit into inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. The platelets have fallen outside the supplier’s quality assurance. The unit should be
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
discarded because the pH has probably dropped too low and platelet activation has
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
been compromised.kp kp
c. If the temperature was 1°C to 6°C and the platelet swirl seemed OK, it would be OK to
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
, accept the unit into inventory. kp kp kp kp
d. If the platelets appeared OK and passed the platelet swirl test after being placed on
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
the agitator, they could be accepted into the inventory.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
k p 20. k Which metabolic pathway permits the accumulation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Glycolysis c. Pentose phosphate shunt kp kp
b. Luebering-Rapoport shunt d. Methemoglobin reductase kp k p kp
k p 21. k All of the following are consistent with a "shift to the right" of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
except:
a. Increased 2,3-DPG. kp
b. 50% O2 saturation to tissues.
kp kp kp kp
c. Decreased 2,3-DPG. kp
d. Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2. kp kp kp kp
k p 22. k What is the normal platelet count range per cubic millimeter?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 100 to 350 kp kp c. 50,000 to 200,000 kp kp
b. 150,000 to 350,000 d. 350,000 to 500,000
kp kp k p kp kp
k p 23. k What cryoprotective agent is added to red blood cells upon freezing?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Dextrose c. Glycerol
b. Adsol d. All of the above k p kp kp kp
k p 24. k If platelets are to be stored for 5 days on a rotator, what is the optimal storage temperature?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 1°C to 6°C kp kp c. 35°C to 37°C kp kp
b. 20°C to 24°C kp d. 1°C to 10°C
kp k p kp kp
k p 25. k p What role do platelets play in hemostasis?
kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Maintenance of vascular integrity kp kp kp
b. Initial arrest of bleeding by platelet plug formation
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. Stabilization of the hemostatic plug kp kp kp kp
d. All of the above
kp kp kp
k p 26. k p Which of the following best describes "integral" membrane proteins?
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Reside at the cytoplasmic surface of membrane
kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. Span the entire membrane surface
kp kp kp kp
c. Form the red blood cell cytoskeleton
kp kp kp kp kp
d. None of the above kp kp kp
k p 27. k p How is stroma-free hemoglobin solution prepared?
kp kp kp kp kp
a. Outdated red blood cells are concentrated, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
b. Outdated red blood cells are diluted with saline, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
c. Outdated red blood cells are lysed, and stroma is removed.
kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
d. None of the above kp kp kp
k p 28. k What is the normal life span of an RBC?
p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. 100 days kp c. 120 hours kp
b. 120 days kp d. 2 days
k p kp
k p 29. Regarding loss of RBC membrane deformability, all of the following are true except:
k p kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp kp
a. Increase in ATP level. kp kp kp
b. Decrease in ATP level. kp kp kp
