National 5 Biology Revision Questions
and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026
| Correct & Verified
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
✔✔To produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
✔✔To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the process of osmosis?
✔✔The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
✔✔Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic
cells do
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
1
,✔✔To carry out photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy
What is the purpose of enzymes in biological processes?
✔✔To speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
What is the process of photosynthesis?
✔✔The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and
oxygen
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
✔✔To synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid sequences
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
✔✔To store the cell’s genetic material and coordinate cell activities, such as growth and
reproduction
What is a gene?
✔✔A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function
2
, What is the purpose of mitosis?
✔✔To produce two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
✔✔Mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells for
sexual reproduction
What are the building blocks of proteins?
✔✔Amino acids
What is the role of DNA in genetics?
✔✔DNA carries the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
What is an allele?
✔✔An alternative form of a gene that can produce different traits
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
3
and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026
| Correct & Verified
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
✔✔To produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
✔✔To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the process of osmosis?
✔✔The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
✔✔Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic
cells do
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
1
,✔✔To carry out photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy
What is the purpose of enzymes in biological processes?
✔✔To speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
What is the process of photosynthesis?
✔✔The process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and
oxygen
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
✔✔To synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid sequences
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
✔✔To store the cell’s genetic material and coordinate cell activities, such as growth and
reproduction
What is a gene?
✔✔A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function
2
, What is the purpose of mitosis?
✔✔To produce two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
✔✔Mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells for
sexual reproduction
What are the building blocks of proteins?
✔✔Amino acids
What is the role of DNA in genetics?
✔✔DNA carries the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
What is an allele?
✔✔An alternative form of a gene that can produce different traits
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
3
