1. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of lorazepam
for anxiety. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
A. "You can drive while taking this medication."
B. "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "This medication is not habit-forming."
D. "You should take the medication on an empty stomach."
Answer: b) "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can have
enhanced sedative effects when taken with alcohol, leading
to increased risk of respiratory depression and drowsiness.
2. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a
transdermal nitroglycerin patch for angina. Which of the
following should be included in the teaching?
A. "You should apply a new patch every 12 hours."
B. "The patch should be applied over the area of pain."
C. "The patch can be left in place during bathing or
showering."
D. "You should remove the patch for 10-12 hours each day
to prevent tolerance."
Answer: d) "You should remove the patch for 10-12 hours
each day to prevent tolerance."
Rationale: To prevent the development of tolerance to
nitroglycerin, the patch should be removed for 10-12 hours
each day, usually at night.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for
warfarin. Which of the following foods should the client
avoid while taking this medication?
,A. Avocados
B. Oranges
C. Grapefruit
D. Leafy green vegetables
Answer: d) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K,
which can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of
warfarin. Clients should maintain a consistent intake of
vitamin K.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
5. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
, Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
6. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of furosemide
for heart failure. The nurse should include which of the
following instructions?
A. "Take this medication in the evening to prevent nocturia."
B. "Increase your potassium intake while taking this
medication."
C. "This medication can be stopped abruptly once your
symptoms improve."
D. "Limit your fluid intake while taking this medication."
Answer: b) "Increase your potassium intake while taking
this medication."
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause
potassium loss, so it is important to increase potassium
intake or consider potassium supplementation.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed lithium for
bipolar disorder. The nurse should monitor for signs of
toxicity, which include:
A. Fine hand tremors and polyuria
B. Fine hand tremors and increased appetite
C. Fine hand tremors and weight loss
D. Fine hand tremors and lethargy
Answer: a) Fine hand tremors and polyuria
Rationale: Fine hand tremors and polyuria are early signs of
lithium toxicity. The nurse should monitor serum lithium
levels to prevent toxicity.
for anxiety. Which of the following instructions should the
nurse include?
A. "You can drive while taking this medication."
B. "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "This medication is not habit-forming."
D. "You should take the medication on an empty stomach."
Answer: b) "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that can have
enhanced sedative effects when taken with alcohol, leading
to increased risk of respiratory depression and drowsiness.
2. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a
transdermal nitroglycerin patch for angina. Which of the
following should be included in the teaching?
A. "You should apply a new patch every 12 hours."
B. "The patch should be applied over the area of pain."
C. "The patch can be left in place during bathing or
showering."
D. "You should remove the patch for 10-12 hours each day
to prevent tolerance."
Answer: d) "You should remove the patch for 10-12 hours
each day to prevent tolerance."
Rationale: To prevent the development of tolerance to
nitroglycerin, the patch should be removed for 10-12 hours
each day, usually at night.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for
warfarin. Which of the following foods should the client
avoid while taking this medication?
,A. Avocados
B. Oranges
C. Grapefruit
D. Leafy green vegetables
Answer: d) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K,
which can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of
warfarin. Clients should maintain a consistent intake of
vitamin K.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
5. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
, Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
6. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of furosemide
for heart failure. The nurse should include which of the
following instructions?
A. "Take this medication in the evening to prevent nocturia."
B. "Increase your potassium intake while taking this
medication."
C. "This medication can be stopped abruptly once your
symptoms improve."
D. "Limit your fluid intake while taking this medication."
Answer: b) "Increase your potassium intake while taking
this medication."
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause
potassium loss, so it is important to increase potassium
intake or consider potassium supplementation.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed lithium for
bipolar disorder. The nurse should monitor for signs of
toxicity, which include:
A. Fine hand tremors and polyuria
B. Fine hand tremors and increased appetite
C. Fine hand tremors and weight loss
D. Fine hand tremors and lethargy
Answer: a) Fine hand tremors and polyuria
Rationale: Fine hand tremors and polyuria are early signs of
lithium toxicity. The nurse should monitor serum lithium
levels to prevent toxicity.
