APSg323:gBEHAVIOURgMODIFICTION
INTRODUCTION
WelcomegtogthisgmodulegongBehaviorgModification.gYougweregintroducedgtogthegconceptsgofg
ClassicalgandgOperantgtechniquesgingfirstgyeargofgstudygandgingthegsubsequentgyearsgsogthegco
nceptsgingthisgcoursegwillgnotgbegentirelygnew.gThegkeygpurposegofgthisgmodulegwillgequipgyo
ugwithgbehaviorgmodificationgskillsgandgtechniquesgingordergtoghelpgyougdevelopgagknowledg
egbaseginghumanglearninggandgbehaviorgchangegwhichgisgessentialginginforminggyourgprofessi
onalginteractiongwithgclientsgduringgpracticumgandgbeyond.g
Togbegingwith,gangintroductiongtogBehaviorgmodificationgthatgfocusesgongwhatgbehaviorgmodi
ficationgisgandgtheghistoricalgdevelopmentgofgthegfieldgofgbehaviorgmodification.gThisgwillghel
pgyougunderstandgthegbasisgofgbehaviorgmodificationgandghowgitgcangbegappliedgingreducinggu
nwantedgbehavior,gincreasinggdesirablegbehaviorgandginitiatinggnewgbehaviors.ggThegpurposeg
ofgthisgcoursegisgtogequipgtheglearnergwithgknowledgegongthegbasicgparadigmsgofgclassicalgcon
ditioninggandgoperantgconditioninggandgassumptionsgunderlyinggbehaviorgmodification.gThegc
oursegwillgalsoghelpgtheglearnergingbeinggablegtogapplygthegbasicgprinciplesgofglearninggingbeh
aviorgmodificationgandgtogbegablegtogapplygbehaviorgmodificationgstrategiesgacrossgagvarietyg
ofgsettings.g
It’sgimportantgforgyougtogunderstandgthatgthisgisgagpracticalgmodulegthatgisgbestgcoveredgthrou
ghgagfacegtogfaceginteraction.ggNowgthatgyougaregdoinggitgthroughgagblendedgmode,gyougaregen
couragedgtoginteractgwithgthegmodulegactively.gAsgyougread,gimaginegagclientgbeforegyou,gand
greflectgonghowgyougwouldgapplygthegskillsgandgtechniquesgthatgyougareglearninggwithgsuchgag
client.ggYougneedgtoggaingmasterygofgthisgmodulegotherwisegyougwillgstrugglegwithghelpinggth
egclientsgthatgyougworkgwithgmodifygtheirgbehaviorgwhengyougaregfinallygreleasedgintogthegfie
ld.ggThisgisgbecausegyougwillgusegthesegbehaviorgmodificationgskillsgandgtechniquesgwithgallgt
ypesgofgclients.gWeghopegthatgyougwillgenjoygyourselfgasgyouginteractgwithgthegmodule.g
, WEEKLYgFLOWgCHART
WEEK TOPIC
WeekgOne Introductiongtogbehaviorgmodification
WeekgTwo BeginningsgofgBehaviorgModification
WeekgThree MeasurementgofgBehaviorgandgBehaviorgChange
WeekgFour BasicgPrinciples/Techniques
WeekgFivegandgSix ProceduresgtogEstablishgandgIncreasegDesirablegBehavior
WeekgsevengandgEight ProceduresgtogDecreasegUndesirablegBehaviorg
WeekgNinegandgTen OthergBehaviorgChangegProcedures
Weekg11gandg12g Examinationg
COURSEgOVERVIEW
Weekg0:gIntroductiong(YourgContext,gYourgGoals)
Thisglessongisgintendedgtoghelpgyougacclimatizegtogblendedglearninggandgtogcreategagcommuni
tygofglearnersgwhogwillgmotivategeachgothergduringgthegcourse.ggYougwillgbegrequiredgtogintro
ducegyourselfgtogyourglecturergandgcolleaguesgeithergphysicallygduringgagfacegtogfacegsessiong
orgevengonlinegbeforegothergacademicginteractionsgstart.gThisgwillgbegatgthegdiscretiongofgindi
vidualguniversitiesgandglecturers.gItgwillgbegimportantgtogalsogstategyourgcontextgandggoalsgasg
ii
,wellgasgwhatgyougthinkgaboutgbusinesses.gYougcangalsogshareganygexperiencegthatgyougmaygh
avegregardinggbusinesses.g
Weekgone
Ingthisgfirstgweekgwegbegingbyglookinggatgagbasicgintroductiongtogbehaviorgmodification,gdefi
ninggbehaviorgmodification,gunderstandinggthegcharacteristicsgofgbehaviorgmodificationgandgt
hegareasgingwhichgbehaviorgmodificationgcangbegapplied.gThegpurposegofgthisglessongisgtoghel
pgyougunderstandgthegbasicgdefinitionsgofgbehaviorgmodification.g
Weekgtwo
Ingthisglesson,gwegexploregtheghistoricalgrootsgofgbehaviorgmodification,gthegprinciplesgofgbeh
aviorgmodificationgandgthegbehaviorgmodificationgprocess.gThegpurposegofgthisglessongisgtogh
elpgyougunderstandgtheghistoricalgdevelopmentgofgthegschoolgofgbehaviorismgandgitsgcurrentga
pplicationsgingthegworkgthatgwegdogwithgourgclients.
Weekgthree
Thisglessongfocusesgongmeasurementgofgbehaviorgandgbehaviorgchange.gWegwillglookgatgobse
rvinggandgrecordinggbehavior,gdefininggthegtargetgbehavior,glogisticsgofgrecordinggbehavior,gc
hoosinggagrecordinggmethodgandginstrumentgandgfinallyggraphinggbehavioralgdata.gThegpurpo
segofgthisglessongisgtoghelpgyougunderstandghowgtogmeasuregbehaviorgchange.
WeekgFourg
Ingthisglesson,gwegintroducegyougtogthegbasicgprinciplesgandgtechniquesgofgbehaviorgmodificat
ion.gWegwillgfocusgongthegprinciplesgofgreinforcement,gextinction,gpunishment,gstimulusgcontr
olgandgrespondentgconditioning.g
WeekgFivegandgSixg
Overgthegnextgtwogweeksgwegwillgfocusgongthegvariousgproceduresgtogestablishgandgincreasegd
esirablegbehavior.gWegwillgfocusgongthegfollowinggprocedures;gdifferentialgreinforcement,gsha
ping,gpromptinggandgtransfergofgstimulusgcontrol,gchaining,gbehavioralgskillsgtraining,ggeneral
izationgandgantecedentgcontrolgprocedures.g
WeekgSevengandgEight
iii
, Thegnextgtwogweeksgwillgfocusgongproceduresgtogdecreasegundesirablegbehavior.ggWegwillgloo
kgatgunderstandinggproblemgbehaviorsgthroughgfunctionalgassessment,gapplyinggextinction,gdi
fferentialgreinforcementgtogdecreasegproblemgbehaviors,gantecedentgmanipulationsgtogdecreas
egproblemgbehaviorsgandgusinggpunishment.g
WeekgNinegandgTen
Thesegfinalgtwogweeksgwegwillglookgatgothergbehaviorgchangegproceduresgandghowgtheygcang
begusedgtogmodifygbehavior.gWegwillgalsoglookgatgthegfactorsgthatginfluencegtheirgeffectivenes
s.gWegwillgfocusgonghabitgreversalgprocedures,gthegtokengeconomy,gbehavioralgcontracts,gfear
gandganxietygreductiongproceduresgcognitivegbehaviorgmodificationgandgself-
managementgprocedures
WeekgElevengandgTwelve
Thesegtwogweeksgbringgtogethergthegworkgyoughavegbeengdoinggtogangend.ggThisgcoursegunitg
willgbegexaminedgandgwillgpartiallygcontributegtogthegawardgofgthegdegreegingthegprogrammegt
hatgyougaregundertaking.gWegacknowledgegthatgdifferentguniversitiesgacrossgEastgAfricagmayg
havegdifferentgSemestergdates.gItgisghoweverganticipatedgthatgmostgUniversitiesgwillghavegagm
inimumgofg13gweeks’gsemester.gWeghavegthereforegplacedgexaminationsgingtheglastgtwogweek
sgbutgUniversitiesgaregallowedgtoggogwithgtheirgschedules.gYourguniversitygexaminationsgregu
lationsgwillgapply.g
MODULEgLEARNINGgOUTCOMES
Bygthegendgofgthisgmodule,gyougwillgbegablegto:g
1. ApplygconceptsgandgtheoriesgofgBehaviourgModification/BehaviourgTherapy
2. Applygthesegconceptsgandgtheoriesgthroughggroupgdiscussionsgandganalysinggowngandg
othersgindividualgandggroupgbehaviour.
3. Connectgconceptsgandgtheoriesgtogrealgworldgissuesgandgeventsgthroughgapplyinggreadi
nggmaterialgtogdiscussiongexercisesgandgpersonalgexperiencegandgdesigninggone’sgown
gbehaviourgchangegprogram.
4. Applygbehaviourgmodificationgstrategiesgacrossgvarietygofgsettingsgsuchgasgapplyinggc
oursegmaterialgtogclassgdiscussiongandgwritinggonegresearchgpapergongagrelatedgtopic
COURSEgDESCRIPTION
iv
INTRODUCTION
WelcomegtogthisgmodulegongBehaviorgModification.gYougweregintroducedgtogthegconceptsgofg
ClassicalgandgOperantgtechniquesgingfirstgyeargofgstudygandgingthegsubsequentgyearsgsogthegco
nceptsgingthisgcoursegwillgnotgbegentirelygnew.gThegkeygpurposegofgthisgmodulegwillgequipgyo
ugwithgbehaviorgmodificationgskillsgandgtechniquesgingordergtoghelpgyougdevelopgagknowledg
egbaseginghumanglearninggandgbehaviorgchangegwhichgisgessentialginginforminggyourgprofessi
onalginteractiongwithgclientsgduringgpracticumgandgbeyond.g
Togbegingwith,gangintroductiongtogBehaviorgmodificationgthatgfocusesgongwhatgbehaviorgmodi
ficationgisgandgtheghistoricalgdevelopmentgofgthegfieldgofgbehaviorgmodification.gThisgwillghel
pgyougunderstandgthegbasisgofgbehaviorgmodificationgandghowgitgcangbegappliedgingreducinggu
nwantedgbehavior,gincreasinggdesirablegbehaviorgandginitiatinggnewgbehaviors.ggThegpurposeg
ofgthisgcoursegisgtogequipgtheglearnergwithgknowledgegongthegbasicgparadigmsgofgclassicalgcon
ditioninggandgoperantgconditioninggandgassumptionsgunderlyinggbehaviorgmodification.gThegc
oursegwillgalsoghelpgtheglearnergingbeinggablegtogapplygthegbasicgprinciplesgofglearninggingbeh
aviorgmodificationgandgtogbegablegtogapplygbehaviorgmodificationgstrategiesgacrossgagvarietyg
ofgsettings.g
It’sgimportantgforgyougtogunderstandgthatgthisgisgagpracticalgmodulegthatgisgbestgcoveredgthrou
ghgagfacegtogfaceginteraction.ggNowgthatgyougaregdoinggitgthroughgagblendedgmode,gyougaregen
couragedgtoginteractgwithgthegmodulegactively.gAsgyougread,gimaginegagclientgbeforegyou,gand
greflectgonghowgyougwouldgapplygthegskillsgandgtechniquesgthatgyougareglearninggwithgsuchgag
client.ggYougneedgtoggaingmasterygofgthisgmodulegotherwisegyougwillgstrugglegwithghelpinggth
egclientsgthatgyougworkgwithgmodifygtheirgbehaviorgwhengyougaregfinallygreleasedgintogthegfie
ld.ggThisgisgbecausegyougwillgusegthesegbehaviorgmodificationgskillsgandgtechniquesgwithgallgt
ypesgofgclients.gWeghopegthatgyougwillgenjoygyourselfgasgyouginteractgwithgthegmodule.g
, WEEKLYgFLOWgCHART
WEEK TOPIC
WeekgOne Introductiongtogbehaviorgmodification
WeekgTwo BeginningsgofgBehaviorgModification
WeekgThree MeasurementgofgBehaviorgandgBehaviorgChange
WeekgFour BasicgPrinciples/Techniques
WeekgFivegandgSix ProceduresgtogEstablishgandgIncreasegDesirablegBehavior
WeekgsevengandgEight ProceduresgtogDecreasegUndesirablegBehaviorg
WeekgNinegandgTen OthergBehaviorgChangegProcedures
Weekg11gandg12g Examinationg
COURSEgOVERVIEW
Weekg0:gIntroductiong(YourgContext,gYourgGoals)
Thisglessongisgintendedgtoghelpgyougacclimatizegtogblendedglearninggandgtogcreategagcommuni
tygofglearnersgwhogwillgmotivategeachgothergduringgthegcourse.ggYougwillgbegrequiredgtogintro
ducegyourselfgtogyourglecturergandgcolleaguesgeithergphysicallygduringgagfacegtogfacegsessiong
orgevengonlinegbeforegothergacademicginteractionsgstart.gThisgwillgbegatgthegdiscretiongofgindi
vidualguniversitiesgandglecturers.gItgwillgbegimportantgtogalsogstategyourgcontextgandggoalsgasg
ii
,wellgasgwhatgyougthinkgaboutgbusinesses.gYougcangalsogshareganygexperiencegthatgyougmaygh
avegregardinggbusinesses.g
Weekgone
Ingthisgfirstgweekgwegbegingbyglookinggatgagbasicgintroductiongtogbehaviorgmodification,gdefi
ninggbehaviorgmodification,gunderstandinggthegcharacteristicsgofgbehaviorgmodificationgandgt
hegareasgingwhichgbehaviorgmodificationgcangbegapplied.gThegpurposegofgthisglessongisgtoghel
pgyougunderstandgthegbasicgdefinitionsgofgbehaviorgmodification.g
Weekgtwo
Ingthisglesson,gwegexploregtheghistoricalgrootsgofgbehaviorgmodification,gthegprinciplesgofgbeh
aviorgmodificationgandgthegbehaviorgmodificationgprocess.gThegpurposegofgthisglessongisgtogh
elpgyougunderstandgtheghistoricalgdevelopmentgofgthegschoolgofgbehaviorismgandgitsgcurrentga
pplicationsgingthegworkgthatgwegdogwithgourgclients.
Weekgthree
Thisglessongfocusesgongmeasurementgofgbehaviorgandgbehaviorgchange.gWegwillglookgatgobse
rvinggandgrecordinggbehavior,gdefininggthegtargetgbehavior,glogisticsgofgrecordinggbehavior,gc
hoosinggagrecordinggmethodgandginstrumentgandgfinallyggraphinggbehavioralgdata.gThegpurpo
segofgthisglessongisgtoghelpgyougunderstandghowgtogmeasuregbehaviorgchange.
WeekgFourg
Ingthisglesson,gwegintroducegyougtogthegbasicgprinciplesgandgtechniquesgofgbehaviorgmodificat
ion.gWegwillgfocusgongthegprinciplesgofgreinforcement,gextinction,gpunishment,gstimulusgcontr
olgandgrespondentgconditioning.g
WeekgFivegandgSixg
Overgthegnextgtwogweeksgwegwillgfocusgongthegvariousgproceduresgtogestablishgandgincreasegd
esirablegbehavior.gWegwillgfocusgongthegfollowinggprocedures;gdifferentialgreinforcement,gsha
ping,gpromptinggandgtransfergofgstimulusgcontrol,gchaining,gbehavioralgskillsgtraining,ggeneral
izationgandgantecedentgcontrolgprocedures.g
WeekgSevengandgEight
iii
, Thegnextgtwogweeksgwillgfocusgongproceduresgtogdecreasegundesirablegbehavior.ggWegwillgloo
kgatgunderstandinggproblemgbehaviorsgthroughgfunctionalgassessment,gapplyinggextinction,gdi
fferentialgreinforcementgtogdecreasegproblemgbehaviors,gantecedentgmanipulationsgtogdecreas
egproblemgbehaviorsgandgusinggpunishment.g
WeekgNinegandgTen
Thesegfinalgtwogweeksgwegwillglookgatgothergbehaviorgchangegproceduresgandghowgtheygcang
begusedgtogmodifygbehavior.gWegwillgalsoglookgatgthegfactorsgthatginfluencegtheirgeffectivenes
s.gWegwillgfocusgonghabitgreversalgprocedures,gthegtokengeconomy,gbehavioralgcontracts,gfear
gandganxietygreductiongproceduresgcognitivegbehaviorgmodificationgandgself-
managementgprocedures
WeekgElevengandgTwelve
Thesegtwogweeksgbringgtogethergthegworkgyoughavegbeengdoinggtogangend.ggThisgcoursegunitg
willgbegexaminedgandgwillgpartiallygcontributegtogthegawardgofgthegdegreegingthegprogrammegt
hatgyougaregundertaking.gWegacknowledgegthatgdifferentguniversitiesgacrossgEastgAfricagmayg
havegdifferentgSemestergdates.gItgisghoweverganticipatedgthatgmostgUniversitiesgwillghavegagm
inimumgofg13gweeks’gsemester.gWeghavegthereforegplacedgexaminationsgingtheglastgtwogweek
sgbutgUniversitiesgaregallowedgtoggogwithgtheirgschedules.gYourguniversitygexaminationsgregu
lationsgwillgapply.g
MODULEgLEARNINGgOUTCOMES
Bygthegendgofgthisgmodule,gyougwillgbegablegto:g
1. ApplygconceptsgandgtheoriesgofgBehaviourgModification/BehaviourgTherapy
2. Applygthesegconceptsgandgtheoriesgthroughggroupgdiscussionsgandganalysinggowngandg
othersgindividualgandggroupgbehaviour.
3. Connectgconceptsgandgtheoriesgtogrealgworldgissuesgandgeventsgthroughgapplyinggreadi
nggmaterialgtogdiscussiongexercisesgandgpersonalgexperiencegandgdesigninggone’sgown
gbehaviourgchangegprogram.
4. Applygbehaviourgmodificationgstrategiesgacrossgvarietygofgsettingsgsuchgasgapplyinggc
oursegmaterialgtogclassgdiscussiongandgwritinggonegresearchgpapergongagrelatedgtopic
COURSEgDESCRIPTION
iv
