Local Anesthesia For The Dental Hygienist d d d d d d
Exam Questions With 100 Accurate Answers d d d d d
What potent drug used for pain control was derived from opium? -
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Morphine
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All of the following are reasons why procaine was NOT as desirable as lidocaine for pain
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control EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? -
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D. It was addictive
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Injectable amides are recommended over esters because there is: -
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A and B (Less risk of allergic reactions and Increased potency)
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What drug did Horace Wells first introduce into dentistry for pain control? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nitrous Oxide
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the most popular local anesthetic used in the US today? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the definition of pain threshold? -
d d d d d d d d
The point at which a sensation starts to be painful and discomfort results
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is pain perception? -
d d d d d
A neurologic experience of pain related to the process of receiving pain stimuli and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
transmission of this pain to the brain that differs little among individuals
d d d d d d d d d d d
what is pain? - d d d d
The sensation of discomfort that the patient feels, ranging from mild to severe
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is pain reaction? -
d d d d d
Personal interpretation and responses to the pain message that is highly variable
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among individuals d
Pain can be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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-
d d
D. Positive attitude
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What theory helps dental hygienists understand the relationship between human-need
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fulfillment and human behavior? - d d d d d
Human-needs theory
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What is the definition of stress? -
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A physical and emotional response to a particular situation
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Which of the following may negatively influence the pain reaction threshold? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Fear
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1|Page
,If a patient has a high pain threshold, he or she will experience more intense pain than a
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patient who has a low pain threshold. - d d d d d d d d
False
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Which of the following is the personal interpretation and response to the pain message, and is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
highly variable among individuals? -
d d d d d d
Pain reaction
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In what year was the first local anesthetic introduced? -
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1884
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
It is best to schedule apprehensive patients for long appointments to complete as much work
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as possible, and it is best to schedule these appointments in the morning. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Both statements are NOT correct.
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What percentage of patients has reported to have had onset of dental anxiety by adolescence?
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- d
50-85%
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Which of the following are signs of moderate anxiety? -
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B and C only (History of frequently missed appointments and History of emergency
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appointments only) d
What is the best method of managing an anxious patient? -
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Prevention
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
environmental change in an excitable tissue. - d d d d d d d
e first statement is correct, but the second is NOT.
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Which fibers are the principle fibers in the transmission of sharp, bright dental pain? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Aδ fibers
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics work by: - d d d d d
Penetrating the nerve to inhibit Na+ influx
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics mostly have their effect on myelinated nerves in which way? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Mostly at the node of Ranvier
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The minimal threshold stimulus required to excite a C fiber will also be sufficient to stimulate
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
an A fiber. -
d d d d d
False
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When energy for conduction is derived from the nerve cell membrane itself and is no longer
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dependent on the stimulus for continuance, the conduction is considered to be: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Self-propagating
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The absolute refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
can be excited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
False
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
2|Page
, Saltatory conduction refers to: - d d d d d
Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated nerve fiber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the type of glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Schwann
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Myelin (lipoprotein sheath) is composed of: -
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Approximately 75% lipid, 20% protein, and 5% carbohydrate
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The sympathetic division is involved with the "rest or digest" response. The parasympathetic
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
division is known as the "fight or flight" response. -
d d d d d d d d d d
NEITHER statement is CORRECT
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The afferent division consists of all incoming information traveling along sensory or afferent
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pathways. The efferent divisions consist of all outgoing information along motor or efferent
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
pathways. - d d
Both statements are CORRECT
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What is the outer layer of the myelin sheath that wraps the entire nerve is called? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Epineurium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The axon hillock: -
d d d d
Decides whether to send the impulse further down the axon
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant outside the plasma membrane? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Sodium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant inside the plasma membrane? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Potassium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The electrical potential of nerve axoplasm in the resting state is approximately: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-70 mV
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Mantle bundles will be anesthetized first by a local anesthetic compared with core bundles. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
True
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Chemical synapses use chemical transmitters called: -
d d d d d d d
Neurotransmitters
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The "all-or-none principle" occurs: -
d d d d d
Once a nerve is excited by the minimal threshold level
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Infection and inflammation cause the following effects when administering a local anesthetic:
d d d d d d d d d d d
d- d
Increased tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the local anesthetic more rapidly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the EXCEPTION? -
d d d
Slow biotransformation
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
3|Page
Exam Questions With 100 Accurate Answers d d d d d
What potent drug used for pain control was derived from opium? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Morphine
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
All of the following are reasons why procaine was NOT as desirable as lidocaine for pain
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
control EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? -
d d d d d d d d d
D. It was addictive
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Injectable amides are recommended over esters because there is: -
d d d d d d d d d d
A and B (Less risk of allergic reactions and Increased potency)
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What drug did Horace Wells first introduce into dentistry for pain control? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Nitrous Oxide
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the most popular local anesthetic used in the US today? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Lidocaine
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the definition of pain threshold? -
d d d d d d d d
The point at which a sensation starts to be painful and discomfort results
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is pain perception? -
d d d d d
A neurologic experience of pain related to the process of receiving pain stimuli and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
transmission of this pain to the brain that differs little among individuals
d d d d d d d d d d d
what is pain? - d d d d
The sensation of discomfort that the patient feels, ranging from mild to severe
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is pain reaction? -
d d d d d
Personal interpretation and responses to the pain message that is highly variable
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
among individuals d
Pain can be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-
d d
D. Positive attitude
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What theory helps dental hygienists understand the relationship between human-need
d d d d d d d d d d
fulfillment and human behavior? - d d d d d
Human-needs theory
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the definition of stress? -
d d d d d d d
A physical and emotional response to a particular situation
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which of the following may negatively influence the pain reaction threshold? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Fear
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
1|Page
,If a patient has a high pain threshold, he or she will experience more intense pain than a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
patient who has a low pain threshold. - d d d d d d d d
False
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which of the following is the personal interpretation and response to the pain message, and is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
highly variable among individuals? -
d d d d d d
Pain reaction
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In what year was the first local anesthetic introduced? -
d d d d d d d d d d
1884
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
It is best to schedule apprehensive patients for long appointments to complete as much work
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
as possible, and it is best to schedule these appointments in the morning. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Both statements are NOT correct.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What percentage of patients has reported to have had onset of dental anxiety by adolescence?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
- d
50-85%
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which of the following are signs of moderate anxiety? -
d d d d d d d d d d
B and C only (History of frequently missed appointments and History of emergency
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
appointments only) d
What is the best method of managing an anxious patient? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
Prevention
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
environmental change in an excitable tissue. - d d d d d d d
e first statement is correct, but the second is NOT.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which fibers are the principle fibers in the transmission of sharp, bright dental pain? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Aδ fibers
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics work by: - d d d d d
Penetrating the nerve to inhibit Na+ influx
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Local anesthetics mostly have their effect on myelinated nerves in which way? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Mostly at the node of Ranvier
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The minimal threshold stimulus required to excite a C fiber will also be sufficient to stimulate
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
an A fiber. -
d d d d d
False
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
When energy for conduction is derived from the nerve cell membrane itself and is no longer
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dependent on the stimulus for continuance, the conduction is considered to be: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Self-propagating
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The absolute refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
can be excited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
False
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
2|Page
, Saltatory conduction refers to: - d d d d d
Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated nerve fiber
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the type of glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Schwann
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Myelin (lipoprotein sheath) is composed of: -
d d d d d d d
Approximately 75% lipid, 20% protein, and 5% carbohydrate
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The sympathetic division is involved with the "rest or digest" response. The parasympathetic
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
division is known as the "fight or flight" response. -
d d d d d d d d d d
NEITHER statement is CORRECT
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The afferent division consists of all incoming information traveling along sensory or afferent
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
pathways. The efferent divisions consist of all outgoing information along motor or efferent
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
pathways. - d d
Both statements are CORRECT
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is the outer layer of the myelin sheath that wraps the entire nerve is called? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Epineurium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The axon hillock: -
d d d d
Decides whether to send the impulse further down the axon
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant outside the plasma membrane? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Sodium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
In a resting neuron, what positive ion is most abundant inside the plasma membrane? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Potassium
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The electrical potential of nerve axoplasm in the resting state is approximately: -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-70 mV
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Mantle bundles will be anesthetized first by a local anesthetic compared with core bundles. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
True
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Chemical synapses use chemical transmitters called: -
d d d d d d d
Neurotransmitters
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
The "all-or-none principle" occurs: -
d d d d d
Once a nerve is excited by the minimal threshold level
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Infection and inflammation cause the following effects when administering a local anesthetic:
d d d d d d d d d d d
d- d
Increased tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the local anesthetic more rapidly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the EXCEPTION? -
d d d
Slow biotransformation
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
3|Page
