1. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of
insulin in the pancreas?
A) Acini
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Hepatocytes
D) Glomerulus
Answer: B) Islets of Langerhans
Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells in the
pancreas that produce hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and
somatostatin. Acini are involved in the secretion of digestive enzymes,
while hepatocytes are liver cells, and the glomerulus is part of the
kidney's filtration system.
2. Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary
gland?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Prolactin
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases two main hormones:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. TSH, prolactin, and cortisol
are secreted by the anterior pituitary or adrenal glands, not the posterior
pituitary.
,3. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A) Femur
B) Radius
C) Sternum
D) Scapula
Answer: C) Sternum
Rationale: The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral
column, ribs, and sternum. The femur, radius, and scapula are part of the
appendicular skeleton.
4. Which type of connective tissue provides the structural support in
cartilage?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Chondrocytes
C) Osteocytes
D) Adipocytes
Answer: B) Chondrocytes
Rationale: Chondrocytes are the cells responsible for the maintenance
of cartilage. Fibroblasts produce collagen in connective tissues,
osteocytes are found in bone, and adipocytes store fat.
5. The primary function of the large intestine is to:
A) Digest proteins
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Absorb water and electrolytes
D) Store bile
, Answer: C) Absorb water and electrolytes
Rationale: The large intestine primarily absorbs water, electrolytes, and
some vitamins from undigested food, converting it into feces. Nutrient
absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine.
6. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Blood clotting
C) Immune response and fluid balance
D) Nutrient absorption
Answer: C) Immune response and fluid balance
Rationale: The lymphatic system is responsible for immune
surveillance and the maintenance of fluid balance by returning excess
interstitial fluid to the bloodstream. It does not participate in oxygen
transport, blood clotting, or nutrient absorption directly.
7. The structure of the nephron that is responsible for filtering blood is
the:
A) Loop of Henle
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal pelvis
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: B) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood
filtration occurs in the kidney. The proximal convoluted tubule and Loop
insulin in the pancreas?
A) Acini
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Hepatocytes
D) Glomerulus
Answer: B) Islets of Langerhans
Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells in the
pancreas that produce hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and
somatostatin. Acini are involved in the secretion of digestive enzymes,
while hepatocytes are liver cells, and the glomerulus is part of the
kidney's filtration system.
2. Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary
gland?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Prolactin
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases two main hormones:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. TSH, prolactin, and cortisol
are secreted by the anterior pituitary or adrenal glands, not the posterior
pituitary.
,3. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A) Femur
B) Radius
C) Sternum
D) Scapula
Answer: C) Sternum
Rationale: The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral
column, ribs, and sternum. The femur, radius, and scapula are part of the
appendicular skeleton.
4. Which type of connective tissue provides the structural support in
cartilage?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Chondrocytes
C) Osteocytes
D) Adipocytes
Answer: B) Chondrocytes
Rationale: Chondrocytes are the cells responsible for the maintenance
of cartilage. Fibroblasts produce collagen in connective tissues,
osteocytes are found in bone, and adipocytes store fat.
5. The primary function of the large intestine is to:
A) Digest proteins
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Absorb water and electrolytes
D) Store bile
, Answer: C) Absorb water and electrolytes
Rationale: The large intestine primarily absorbs water, electrolytes, and
some vitamins from undigested food, converting it into feces. Nutrient
absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine.
6. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Blood clotting
C) Immune response and fluid balance
D) Nutrient absorption
Answer: C) Immune response and fluid balance
Rationale: The lymphatic system is responsible for immune
surveillance and the maintenance of fluid balance by returning excess
interstitial fluid to the bloodstream. It does not participate in oxygen
transport, blood clotting, or nutrient absorption directly.
7. The structure of the nephron that is responsible for filtering blood is
the:
A) Loop of Henle
B) Glomerulus
C) Renal pelvis
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: B) Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood
filtration occurs in the kidney. The proximal convoluted tubule and Loop
