Nutrition 1020 Exam 3 Module 3: Nutrition in Health &
Chronic questions with verified answers
Mechanical Digestion Correct Answer ✔✔-Big food parts into smaller
ones. Chewing of food.
Chemical Digestion Correct Answer ✔✔-Big nutrients into smaller ones.
Involves acid, enzymes, and hormones.
What is an Enzyme? Correct Answer ✔✔-• Protein that catalyze metabolic
reactions, and are necessary for most biochemical reactions to occur.
• Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances.
Examples of Enzymes Correct Answer ✔✔-Amylase for carbohydrate,
protease for protein, and lipase for Lipids/Fat.
What is a Hormone? Correct Answer ✔✔-• Chemicals produced by cells
(typically in an endocrine gland), and are secreted, then affect the
behavior of cells at distal sites in the body.
Examples of Digestive Hormones Correct Answer ✔✔-cholecystokinin
and secretin.
The journey begins (of digestion) in the mouth with Correct Answer ✔✔-•
Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication)
• Chemical digestion: saliva (lubrication) and amylase (breaks down
digestible carbohydrate)
,Food becomes.... Correct Answer ✔✔-Bolus
The Esophagus Correct Answer ✔✔-• Peristalsis begins.
• Peristalsis is: a muscular action throughout intestinal tract. Controlled
by the CNS and excretes/propels food stuff through the body.
The Stomach Correct Answer ✔✔-• muscular organ & storage reservoir.
• Mechanically digests food by mixing &
churning.
• Chemically digests food with acid and enzymes (pepsin). Bolus
becomes chyme
Chyme Correct Answer ✔✔-bolus becomes cyhme in the stomach ( B
befor C)
Parts of Small Intestine Correct Answer ✔✔-• Duodenum (Beginning)
• Jejunum (Middle)
• Ileum (End)
Function of Villi & Microvilli in Stomach Correct Answer ✔✔-Increases
absorbitive surface
Signaling the accessory organs Correct Answer ✔✔-Accessory organs
assist in digestion with hormones (cholecystokinin and secretin) which
,are made by cells of the intestinal wall and travel through the blood
stream.
Accessory Organ Functions Correct Answer ✔✔-• Liver - Makes bile
• Gallbladder - Stores bile
• Pancreas - Makes enzymes for chemical digestion of carbs, proteins,
and fats and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
The Liver Correct Answer ✔✔-Makes bile
The Gallbladder Correct Answer ✔✔-Stores the bile after liver makes it.
The Pancreas Correct Answer ✔✔-Makes enzymes for the chemical
digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
Function of Bile Correct Answer ✔✔-Emulsifier
How does bile work as an emulsifier? Correct Answer ✔✔-A. Fats &
water tend to separate; enzymes are in the water and can't get to the fat.
B. Bile (the emulsifier) has an affinity for the fats and for water so it can
bring them together.
, C. Small droplets of emulsified fat. The enzymes now have access to the
fat, which is MIXED IN the water solution.
Function of Lipase Correct Answer ✔✔-Enzyme that breaks down fat
which bile emulsifies
Passive Diffusion: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion. Water & lipid byproducts pass across cell membrane
concentration gradient without ATP
Facilitated Diffusion: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion.Water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using
specific/selective transport proteins.
Active Transport: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion. Nutrients move across membranes against concentration
gradient using a specific/selective transport protein & ATP.
Sites of Absorption Correct Answer ✔✔-• Duodenum: many nutrients
• Jejunum: many nutrients
• Ileum: only selected nutrients
• Colon (large Intestine): water
Duodenum Correct Answer ✔✔-absorbs many nutrients
Chronic questions with verified answers
Mechanical Digestion Correct Answer ✔✔-Big food parts into smaller
ones. Chewing of food.
Chemical Digestion Correct Answer ✔✔-Big nutrients into smaller ones.
Involves acid, enzymes, and hormones.
What is an Enzyme? Correct Answer ✔✔-• Protein that catalyze metabolic
reactions, and are necessary for most biochemical reactions to occur.
• Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances.
Examples of Enzymes Correct Answer ✔✔-Amylase for carbohydrate,
protease for protein, and lipase for Lipids/Fat.
What is a Hormone? Correct Answer ✔✔-• Chemicals produced by cells
(typically in an endocrine gland), and are secreted, then affect the
behavior of cells at distal sites in the body.
Examples of Digestive Hormones Correct Answer ✔✔-cholecystokinin
and secretin.
The journey begins (of digestion) in the mouth with Correct Answer ✔✔-•
Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication)
• Chemical digestion: saliva (lubrication) and amylase (breaks down
digestible carbohydrate)
,Food becomes.... Correct Answer ✔✔-Bolus
The Esophagus Correct Answer ✔✔-• Peristalsis begins.
• Peristalsis is: a muscular action throughout intestinal tract. Controlled
by the CNS and excretes/propels food stuff through the body.
The Stomach Correct Answer ✔✔-• muscular organ & storage reservoir.
• Mechanically digests food by mixing &
churning.
• Chemically digests food with acid and enzymes (pepsin). Bolus
becomes chyme
Chyme Correct Answer ✔✔-bolus becomes cyhme in the stomach ( B
befor C)
Parts of Small Intestine Correct Answer ✔✔-• Duodenum (Beginning)
• Jejunum (Middle)
• Ileum (End)
Function of Villi & Microvilli in Stomach Correct Answer ✔✔-Increases
absorbitive surface
Signaling the accessory organs Correct Answer ✔✔-Accessory organs
assist in digestion with hormones (cholecystokinin and secretin) which
,are made by cells of the intestinal wall and travel through the blood
stream.
Accessory Organ Functions Correct Answer ✔✔-• Liver - Makes bile
• Gallbladder - Stores bile
• Pancreas - Makes enzymes for chemical digestion of carbs, proteins,
and fats and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
The Liver Correct Answer ✔✔-Makes bile
The Gallbladder Correct Answer ✔✔-Stores the bile after liver makes it.
The Pancreas Correct Answer ✔✔-Makes enzymes for the chemical
digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
Function of Bile Correct Answer ✔✔-Emulsifier
How does bile work as an emulsifier? Correct Answer ✔✔-A. Fats &
water tend to separate; enzymes are in the water and can't get to the fat.
B. Bile (the emulsifier) has an affinity for the fats and for water so it can
bring them together.
, C. Small droplets of emulsified fat. The enzymes now have access to the
fat, which is MIXED IN the water solution.
Function of Lipase Correct Answer ✔✔-Enzyme that breaks down fat
which bile emulsifies
Passive Diffusion: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion. Water & lipid byproducts pass across cell membrane
concentration gradient without ATP
Facilitated Diffusion: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion.Water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using
specific/selective transport proteins.
Active Transport: Correct Answer ✔✔-Mechanism of absorption for
digestion. Nutrients move across membranes against concentration
gradient using a specific/selective transport protein & ATP.
Sites of Absorption Correct Answer ✔✔-• Duodenum: many nutrients
• Jejunum: many nutrients
• Ileum: only selected nutrients
• Colon (large Intestine): water
Duodenum Correct Answer ✔✔-absorbs many nutrients
