MOCK EXAM (MCAT) QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS RN NGN VERSION 2023/24
UPDATE |SCREENSHOT FROM THE REAL
EXAM
Characteristic of Life - <<<ANSWER>>>Traits defining living organisms, e.g.,
metabolism.
Polar Molecule - <<<ANSWER>>>Molecule with uneven distribution of charge.
Chlorine Atomic Number - <<<ANSWER>>>Indicates 17 protons and electrons in
chlorine.
Cytosine Content - <<<ANSWER>>>30% of total pyrimidines in DNA.
Evolution Level - <<<ANSWER>>>Occurs at the population level.
Natural Selection - <<<ANSWER>>>Survival of individuals with advantageous traits.
pH Change - <<<ANSWER>>>pH 6 to pH 4 is 100 times more acidic.
Triglyceride - <<<ANSWER>>>Lipid made of fatty acids and glycerol.
Protein Structure - <<<ANSWER>>>Disulfide bonds found in tertiary structure.
Functions of Proteins - <<<ANSWER>>>Includes structural support, transport, and
enzymes.
Cell Size Limitation - <<<ANSWER>>>Limited by surface area to volume ratio.
Mature mRNA - <<<ANSWER>>>Processed RNA ready for translation.
Introns - <<<ANSWER>>>Non-coding sequences removed from pre-mRNA.
, Exons - <<<ANSWER>>>Coding sequences retained in mature mRNA.
General transcription factors - <<<ANSWER>>>Proteins aiding RNA polymerase in
transcription initiation.
Frameshift mutation - <<<ANSWER>>>Mutation altering the reading frame of a gene.
Nonsense mutation - <<<ANSWER>>>Mutation creating a premature stop codon.
Totipotent - <<<ANSWER>>>Cells that can develop into any cell type.
Phagotrophy - <<<ANSWER>>>Ingestion of food particles by a cell.
DNA Methylation - <<<ANSWER>>>Chemical modification that inhibits transcription.
Tryptophan Regulation - <<<ANSWER>>>Inhibits its own production to save energy.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - <<<ANSWER>>>Method to amplify DNA quantity.
Thymine Dimer - <<<ANSWER>>>DNA mutation caused by ultraviolet light.
Sister Chromatids - <<<ANSWER>>>Identical copies formed during DNA replication.
Clone - <<<ANSWER>>>Genetically identical organisms from a single parent.
Corepressor - <<<ANSWER>>>Molecule that inhibits gene expression in operons.
Binary Fission - <<<ANSWER>>>Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes.
Active Transport - <<<ANSWER>>>Movement against concentration gradient requiring
energy.
Calvin Cycle - <<<ANSWER>>>Process converting CO2 into sugars in plants.
Electron Transport Chain - <<<ANSWER>>>Produces most ATP during cellular
respiration.
Diffusion - <<<ANSWER>>>Movement of substances from high to low concentration.
Phosphodiester Bond - <<<ANSWER>>>Links nucleotides in a single DNA strand.
Denaturation - <<<ANSWER>>>Loss of protein structure and function.
3' Poly-A Tail - <<<ANSWER>>>Added to mRNA for stability and export.
ANSWERS RN NGN VERSION 2023/24
UPDATE |SCREENSHOT FROM THE REAL
EXAM
Characteristic of Life - <<<ANSWER>>>Traits defining living organisms, e.g.,
metabolism.
Polar Molecule - <<<ANSWER>>>Molecule with uneven distribution of charge.
Chlorine Atomic Number - <<<ANSWER>>>Indicates 17 protons and electrons in
chlorine.
Cytosine Content - <<<ANSWER>>>30% of total pyrimidines in DNA.
Evolution Level - <<<ANSWER>>>Occurs at the population level.
Natural Selection - <<<ANSWER>>>Survival of individuals with advantageous traits.
pH Change - <<<ANSWER>>>pH 6 to pH 4 is 100 times more acidic.
Triglyceride - <<<ANSWER>>>Lipid made of fatty acids and glycerol.
Protein Structure - <<<ANSWER>>>Disulfide bonds found in tertiary structure.
Functions of Proteins - <<<ANSWER>>>Includes structural support, transport, and
enzymes.
Cell Size Limitation - <<<ANSWER>>>Limited by surface area to volume ratio.
Mature mRNA - <<<ANSWER>>>Processed RNA ready for translation.
Introns - <<<ANSWER>>>Non-coding sequences removed from pre-mRNA.
, Exons - <<<ANSWER>>>Coding sequences retained in mature mRNA.
General transcription factors - <<<ANSWER>>>Proteins aiding RNA polymerase in
transcription initiation.
Frameshift mutation - <<<ANSWER>>>Mutation altering the reading frame of a gene.
Nonsense mutation - <<<ANSWER>>>Mutation creating a premature stop codon.
Totipotent - <<<ANSWER>>>Cells that can develop into any cell type.
Phagotrophy - <<<ANSWER>>>Ingestion of food particles by a cell.
DNA Methylation - <<<ANSWER>>>Chemical modification that inhibits transcription.
Tryptophan Regulation - <<<ANSWER>>>Inhibits its own production to save energy.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - <<<ANSWER>>>Method to amplify DNA quantity.
Thymine Dimer - <<<ANSWER>>>DNA mutation caused by ultraviolet light.
Sister Chromatids - <<<ANSWER>>>Identical copies formed during DNA replication.
Clone - <<<ANSWER>>>Genetically identical organisms from a single parent.
Corepressor - <<<ANSWER>>>Molecule that inhibits gene expression in operons.
Binary Fission - <<<ANSWER>>>Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes.
Active Transport - <<<ANSWER>>>Movement against concentration gradient requiring
energy.
Calvin Cycle - <<<ANSWER>>>Process converting CO2 into sugars in plants.
Electron Transport Chain - <<<ANSWER>>>Produces most ATP during cellular
respiration.
Diffusion - <<<ANSWER>>>Movement of substances from high to low concentration.
Phosphodiester Bond - <<<ANSWER>>>Links nucleotides in a single DNA strand.
Denaturation - <<<ANSWER>>>Loss of protein structure and function.
3' Poly-A Tail - <<<ANSWER>>>Added to mRNA for stability and export.
